# 标准库头文件 <stack>

< cpp‎ | header

此头文件是容器库的一部分。

### 包含
<compare> (C++20) | 三路比较运算符支持
<initializer_list> (C++11) | std::initializer_list 类模板
### 类
stack | 适配一个容器以提供栈（LIFO 数据结构） (类模板)
std::uses_allocator<std::stack> (C++11) | 特化 std::uses_allocator 类型特征 (类模板特化)
### 函数
operator==operator!=operator<operator<=operator>operator>=operator<=> (C++20) | 按照字典顺序比较 stack 中的值 (函数模板)
std::swap(std::stack) (C++11) | 特化 std::swap 算法 (函数模板)

### 概要

    #include <compare>
    #include <initializer_list>

    namespace std {
      template<class T, class Container = deque<T>> class stack;

      template<class T, class Container>
        bool operator==(const stack<T, Container>& x, const stack<T, Container>& y);
      template<class T, class Container>
        bool operator!=(const stack<T, Container>& x, const stack<T, Container>& y);
      template<class T, class Container>
        bool operator< (const stack<T, Container>& x, const stack<T, Container>& y);
      template<class T, class Container>
        bool operator> (const stack<T, Container>& x, const stack<T, Container>& y);
      template<class T, class Container>
        bool operator<=(const stack<T, Container>& x, const stack<T, Container>& y);
      template<class T, class Container>
        bool operator>=(const stack<T, Container>& x, const stack<T, Container>& y);
      template<class T, three_way_comparable Container>
        compare_three_way_result_t<Container>
          operator<=>(const stack<T, Container>& x, const stack<T, Container>& y);

      template<class T, class Container>
        void swap(stack<T, Container>& x, stack<T, Container>& y)
          noexcept(noexcept(x.swap(y)));
      template<class T, class Container, class Alloc>
        struct uses_allocator<stack<T, Container>, Alloc>;
    }

#### 类模板 std::stack

    namespace std {
      template<class T, class Container = deque<T>>
      class stack {
      public:
        using value_type      = typename Container::value_type;
        using reference       = typename Container::reference;
        using const_reference = typename Container::const_reference;
        using size_type       = typename Container::size_type;
        using container_type  = Container;

      protected:
        Container c;

      public:
        stack() : stack(Container()) {}
        explicit stack(const Container&);
        explicit stack(Container&&);
        template<class InputIt> stack(InputIt first, InputIt last);
        template<class Alloc> explicit stack(const Alloc&);
        template<class Alloc> stack(const Container&, const Alloc&);
        template<class Alloc> stack(Container&&, const Alloc&);
        template<class Alloc> stack(const stack&, const Alloc&);
        template<class Alloc> stack(stack&&, const Alloc&);
        template<class InputIt, class Alloc>
          stack(InputIt first, InputIt last, const Alloc&);

        [[nodiscard]] bool empty() const    { return c.empty(); }
        size_type size()  const             { return c.size(); }
        reference         top()             { return c.back(); }
        const_reference   top() const       { return c.back(); }
        void push(const value_type& x)      { c.push_back(x); }
        void push(value_type&& x)           { c.push_back(std::move(x)); }
        template<class... Args>
          decltype(auto) emplace(Args&&... args)
            { return c.emplace_back(std::forward<Args>(args)...); }
        void pop()                          { c.pop_back(); }
        void swap(stack& s) noexcept(is_nothrow_swappable_v<Container>)
          { using std::swap; swap(c, s.c); }
      };

      template<class Container>
        stack(Container) -> stack<typename Container::value_type, Container>;

      template<class InputIt>
        stack(InputIt, InputIt) -> stack</*iter-value-type*/<InputIt>>;

      template<class Container, class Allocator>
        stack(Container, Allocator) -> stack<typename Container::value_type, Container>;

      template<class InputIt, class Allocator>
        stack(InputIt, InputIt, Allocator)
          -> stack</*iter-value-type*/<InputIt>, deque</*iter-value-type*/<InputIt>,
                   Allocator>>;

      template<class T, class Container, class Alloc>
        struct uses_allocator<stack<T, Container>, Alloc>
          : uses_allocator<Container, Alloc>::type { };
    }