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<title>std::unique_lock<Mutex>::unique_lock</title>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::unique_lock<Mutex>::</span>unique_lock</h1>
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-thread.html">thread</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-thread-unique_lock.html">unique lock</a></span></div>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">unique_lock<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">unique_lock<span class="br0">(</span> unique_lock<span class="sy3">&&</span> other <span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">explicit</span> unique_lock<span class="br0">(</span> mutex_type<span class="sy3">&</span> m <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">unique_lock<span class="br0">(</span> mutex_type<span class="sy3">&</span> m, <a href="cpp-thread-lock_tag_t.html"><span class="kw2160">std::<span class="me2">defer_lock_t</span></span></a> t <span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">unique_lock<span class="br0">(</span> mutex_type<span class="sy3">&</span> m, <a href="cpp-thread-lock_tag_t.html"><span class="kw2161">std::<span class="me2">try_to_lock_t</span></span></a> t <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(5)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">unique_lock<span class="br0">(</span> mutex_type<span class="sy3">&</span> m, <a href="cpp-thread-lock_tag_t.html"><span class="kw2162">std::<span class="me2">adopt_lock_t</span></span></a> t <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(6)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> Rep, <span class="kw1">class</span> Period <span class="sy1">></span><br /></span>
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<p>unique_lock<span class="br0">(</span> mutex_type<span class="sy3">&</span> m,<br /></p>
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-chrono-duration.html"><span class="kw993">std::<span class="me2">chrono</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">duration</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>Rep,Period<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> timeout_duration <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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<td>(7)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> Clock, <span class="kw1">class</span> Duration <span class="sy1">></span><br /></span>
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<p>unique_lock<span class="br0">(</span> mutex_type<span class="sy3">&</span> m,<br /></p>
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-chrono-time_point.html"><span class="kw991">std::<span class="me2">chrono</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">time_point</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>Clock,Duration<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> timeout_time <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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<td>(8)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<p>构造 <code>unique_lock</code> ，可选地锁定提供的互斥。</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 构造无关联互斥的 <code>unique_lock</code> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 移动构造函数。以 <code>other</code> 的内容初始化 <code>unique_lock</code> 。令 <code>other</code> 无关联互斥。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3-8)</span> 构造以 <code>m</code> 为关联互斥的 <code>unique_lock</code> 。另外：</div>
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<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">3)</span> 通过调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">m.<span class="me1">lock</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 锁定关联互斥。</div>
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<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">4)</span> 不锁定关联互斥。</div>
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<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">5)</span> 通过调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">m.<span class="me1">try_lock</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 尝试锁定关联互斥而不阻塞。若 <code>Mutex</code> 不满足<a href="cpp-named_req-Lockable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可锁定</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Lockable)</span></a> 则行为未定义。</div>
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<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">6)</span> 假定调用方线程已保有 <code>m</code> 上的非共享锁（即由 <code>lock</code>、 <code>try_lock</code>、 <code>try_lock_for</code> 或 <code>try_lock_until</code> 取得的锁）。若非如此则行为未定义。</div>
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<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">7)</span> 通过调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">m.<span class="me1">try_lock_for</span><span class="br0">(</span>timeout_duration<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 尝试锁定关联互斥。阻塞到经过指定的 <code>timeout_duration</code> 或获得锁这两个事件的先到来者为止。可能阻塞长于 <code>timeout_duration</code> 。若 <code>Mutex</code> 不满足<a href="cpp-named_req-TimedLockable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可定时锁定</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(TimedLockable)</span></a> 则行为未定义。</div>
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<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">8)</span> 通过调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">m.<span class="me1">try_lock_until</span><span class="br0">(</span>timeout_time<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 尝试锁定关联互斥。阻塞到抵达指定的 <code>timeout_time</code> 或获得锁这两个事件的先到来者为止。可能阻塞长于抵达 <code>timeout_time</code> 。若 <code>Mutex</code> 不满足<a href="cpp-named_req-TimedLockable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可定时锁定</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(TimedLockable)</span></a> 则行为未定义。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>other</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>用以初始化状态的另一 <code>unique_lock</code></td>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>m</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>与锁关联且可选的获得所有权的互斥</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>t</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>用于选择拥有不同锁定策略的构造函数的标签参数</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>timeout_duration</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要阻塞的最大时长</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>timeout_time</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要阻塞到的最大时间点</td>
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</tr>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <thread></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <vector></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <mutex></span>
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<a href="cpp-thread-mutex.html"><span class="kw2154">std::<span class="me2">mutex</span></span></a> m_a, m_b, m_c<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> a, b, c <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">void</span> update<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span> <span class="co1">// 注意：可用 std::lock_guard 或 atomic<int> 代替</span>
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<a href="cpp-thread-unique_lock.html"><span class="kw2167">std::<span class="me2">unique_lock</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-thread-mutex.html"><span class="kw2154">std::<span class="me2">mutex</span></span></a><span class="sy1">></span> lk<span class="br0">(</span>m_a<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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a<span class="sy2">++</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span> <span class="co1">// 注意：细节和替代品见 std::lock 及 std::scoped_lock</span>
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<a href="cpp-thread-unique_lock.html"><span class="kw2167">std::<span class="me2">unique_lock</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-thread-mutex.html"><span class="kw2154">std::<span class="me2">mutex</span></span></a><span class="sy1">></span> lk_b<span class="br0">(</span>m_b, <a href="cpp-thread-lock_tag.html"><span class="kw2163">std::<span class="me2">defer_lock</span></span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-thread-unique_lock.html"><span class="kw2167">std::<span class="me2">unique_lock</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-thread-mutex.html"><span class="kw2154">std::<span class="me2">mutex</span></span></a><span class="sy1">></span> lk_c<span class="br0">(</span>m_c, <a href="cpp-thread-lock_tag.html"><span class="kw2163">std::<span class="me2">defer_lock</span></span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-thread-lock.html"><span class="kw2169">std::<span class="me2">lock</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>lk_b, lk_c<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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b <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-utility-exchange.html"><span class="kw1118">std::<span class="me2">exchange</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>c, b<span class="sy2">+</span>c<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-vector.html"><span class="kw1269">std::<span class="me2">vector</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-thread-thread.html"><span class="kw2146">std::<span class="me2">thread</span></span></a><span class="sy1">></span> threads<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> i <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> i <span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="nu0">12</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>i<span class="br0">)</span>
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threads.<span class="me1">emplace_back</span><span class="br0">(</span>update<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">auto</span><span class="sy3">&</span> i<span class="sy4">:</span> threads<span class="br0">)</span>
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i.<span class="me1">join</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> a <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"'th and "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> a<span class="sy2">+</span><span class="nu0">1</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"'th Fibonacci numbers: "</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> b <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" and "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> c <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">12'th and 13'th Fibonacci numbers: 144 and 233</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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