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+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
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+    <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
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+    <title>列表对象 &#8212; Python 3.8.20 文档</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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+            
+  <section id="list-objects">
+<span id="listobjects"></span><h1>列表对象<a class="headerlink" href="#list-objects" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
+<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><dl class="type">
+<dt id="c.PyListObject">
+<code class="sig-name descname">PyListObject</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyListObject" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>这个C类型 <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></code></a> 的子类型代表一个Python列表对象。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="var">
+<dt id="c.PyList_Type">
+<a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a> <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_Type</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_Type" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>这是个属于 <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></code></a> 的代表Python列表类型的实例。在Python层面和类型 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#list" title="list"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code></a> 是同一个对象。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_Check">
+int <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_Check</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *p</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_Check" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>如果 <em>p</em> 是一个列表对象或者是一个列表类型的子类型实例时，返回真。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_CheckExact">
+int <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_CheckExact</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *p</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_CheckExact" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>当 <em>p</em> 是一个列表对象，但是不是列表类型的子类型实例时，返回真。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_New">
+<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_New</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>Py_ssize_t<em> len</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_New" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>成功时返回一个长度为 <em>len</em> 的新列表，失败时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
+<p>当 <em>len</em> 大于零时，被返回的列表对象项目被设成 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。因此你不能用类似C函数 <a class="reference internal" href="sequence.html#c.PySequence_SetItem" title="PySequence_SetItem"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PySequence_SetItem()</span></code></a> 的抽象API或者用C函数 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyList_SetItem" title="PyList_SetItem"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyList_SetItem()</span></code></a> 将所有项目设置成真实对象前对Python代码公开这个对象。</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_Size">
+Py_ssize_t <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_Size</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *list</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_Size" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p id="index-1">返回 <em>list</em> 中列表对象的长度；这等于在列表对象调用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">len(list)</span></code> 。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_GET_SIZE">
+Py_ssize_t <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_GET_SIZE</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *list</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_GET_SIZE" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>宏版本的C函数 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyList_Size" title="PyList_Size"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyList_Size()</span></code></a> ，没有错误检测。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_GetItem">
+<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_GetItem</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *list</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> index</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_GetItem" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Borrowed reference.</em><p>返回 <em>list</em> 所指向列表中 <em>index</em> 位置上的对象。 位置值必须为非负数；不支持从列表末尾进行索引。 如果 <em>index</em> 超出边界 (&lt;0 or &gt;=len(list))，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 并设置 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#IndexError" title="IndexError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IndexError</span></code></a> 异常。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_GET_ITEM">
+<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_GET_ITEM</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *list</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> i</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_GET_ITEM" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Borrowed reference.</em><p>宏版本的C函数 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyList_GetItem" title="PyList_GetItem"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyList_GetItem()</span></code></a> ，没有错误检测。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_SetItem">
+int <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_SetItem</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *list</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> index</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *item</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_SetItem" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>将列表中索引为 <em>index</em> 的项设为 <em>item</em>。 成功时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>。 如果 <em>index</em> 超出范围则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> 并设定 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#IndexError" title="IndexError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IndexError</span></code></a> 异常。</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
+<p>此函数会“偷走”一个对 <em>item</em> 的引用并丢弃一个对列表中受影响位置上的已有条目的引用。</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_SET_ITEM">
+void <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_SET_ITEM</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *list</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> i</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *o</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_SET_ITEM" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>不带错误检测的宏版本 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyList_SetItem" title="PyList_SetItem"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyList_SetItem()</span></code></a>。 这通常只被用于新列表中之前没有内容的位置进行填充。</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
+<p>该宏会“偷走”一个对 <em>item</em> 的引用，但与 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyList_SetItem" title="PyList_SetItem"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyList_SetItem()</span></code></a> 不同的是它 <em>不会</em> 丢弃对任何被替换条目的引用；在 <em>list</em> 的 <em>i</em> 位置上的任何引用都将被泄露。</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_Insert">
+int <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_Insert</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *list</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> index</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *item</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_Insert" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>将条目 <em>item</em> 插入到列表 <em>list</em> 索引号 <em>index</em> 之前的位置。 如果成功将返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>；如果不成功则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> 并设置一个异常。 相当于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list.insert(index,</span> <span class="pre">item)</span></code>。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_Append">
+int <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_Append</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *list</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *item</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_Append" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>将对象 <em>item</em> 添加到列表 <em>list</em> 的末尾。 如果成功将返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>；如果不成功则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> 并设置一个异常。 相当于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list.append(item)</span></code>。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_GetSlice">
+<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_GetSlice</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *list</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> low</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> high</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_GetSlice" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>返回一个对象列表，包含 <em>list</em> 当中位于 <em>low</em> 和 <em>high</em> <em>之间</em> 的对象。 如果不成功则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 并设置异常。 相当于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list[low:high]</span></code>。 不支持从列表末尾进行索引。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_SetSlice">
+int <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_SetSlice</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *list</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> low</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> high</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *itemlist</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_SetSlice" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>将 <em>list</em> 当中 <em>low</em> 与 <em>high</em> 之间的切片设为 <em>itemlist</em> 的内容。 相当于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list[low:high]</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">itemlist</span></code>。 <em>itemlist</em> 可以为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>，表示赋值为一个空列表（删除切片）。 成功时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>，失败时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>。 这里不支持从列表末尾进行索引。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_Sort">
+int <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_Sort</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *list</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_Sort" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>对 <em>list</em> 中的条目进行原地排序。 成功时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>，失败时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>。 这等价于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list.sort()</span></code>。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_Reverse">
+int <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_Reverse</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *list</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_Reverse" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>对 <em>list</em> 中的条目进行原地反转。 成功时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>，失败时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>。 这等价于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list.reverse()</span></code>。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_AsTuple">
+<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_AsTuple</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *list</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_AsTuple" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p id="index-2">返回一个新的元组对象，其中包含 <em>list</em> 的内容；等价于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tuple(list)</span></code>。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="c.PyList_ClearFreeList">
+int <code class="sig-name descname">PyList_ClearFreeList</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyList_ClearFreeList" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>清空释放列表。 返回所释放的条目数。</p>
+<div class="versionadded">
+<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.3 新版功能.</span></p>
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