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<section id="module-grp">
<span id="grp-the-group-database"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-grp" title="grp: The group database (getgrnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grp</span></code></a> --- 组数据库<a class="headerlink" href="#module-grp" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h1>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>该模块提供对Unix组数据库的访问。 它在所有Unix版本上都可用。</p>
<p>组数据库条目被报告为类似元组的对象，其属性对应于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">group</span></code> 结构的成员（下面的属性字段，请参见 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;pwd.h&gt;</span></code> ）：</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 22%" />
<col style="width: 65%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>索引</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>属性</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>含义</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>gr_name</p></td>
<td><p>组名</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>gr_passwd</p></td>
<td><p>（加密的）组密码； 通常为空</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>gr_gid</p></td>
<td><p>数字组ID</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>3</p></td>
<td><p>gr_mem</p></td>
<td><p>组内所有成员的用户名</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>gid 是整数，名称和密码是字符串，成员列表是字符串列表。 （注意，大多数用户未根据密码数据库显式列为所属组的成员。请检查两个数据库以获取完整的成员资格信息。还要注意，以 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">+</span></code> 或 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code> 开头的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gr_name</span></code> 可能是 YP/NIS 引用，可能无法通过 <a class="reference internal" href="#grp.getgrnam" title="grp.getgrnam"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getgrnam()</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="#grp.getgrgid" title="grp.getgrgid"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getgrgid()</span></code></a> 访问。）</p>
<p>本模块定义如下内容：</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="grp.getgrgid">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">grp.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getgrgid</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">gid</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#grp.getgrgid" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回给定数字组 ID 的组数据库条目。 如果请求的条目无法找到则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a>。</p>
<div class="deprecated">
<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">3.6 版后已移除: </span>从 Python 3.6 开始，弃用对 <a class="reference internal" href="#grp.getgrgid" title="grp.getgrgid"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getgrgid()</span></code></a> 中的 float 或 string 等非 integer 参数的支持。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="grp.getgrnam">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">grp.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getgrnam</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#grp.getgrnam" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回给定组名的组数据库条目。 如果找不到要求的条目，则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> 错误。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="grp.getgrall">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">grp.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getgrall</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#grp.getgrall" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>以任意顺序返回所有可用组条目的列表。</p>
</dd></dl>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">参见</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>模块 <a class="reference internal" href="pwd.html#module-pwd" title="pwd: The password database (getpwnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pwd</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>用户数据库的接口，与此类似。</p>
</dd>
<dt>模块 <a class="reference internal" href="spwd.html#module-spwd" title="spwd: The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>针对影子密码数据库的接口，与本模块类似。</p>
</dd>
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