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+  <h4>上一个主题</h4>
+  <p class="topless"><a href="posix.html"
+                        title="上一章"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">posix</span></code> --- 最常见的 POSIX 系统调用</a></p>
+  <h4>下一个主题</h4>
+  <p class="topless"><a href="spwd.html"
+                        title="下一章"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code> —— shadow 密码库</a></p>
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+    你应当升级版本，并阅读 
+    <a href="/3/library/pwd.html"> Python 当前稳定版本的文档</a>.
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+    <div class="document">
+      <div class="documentwrapper">
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+          <div class="body" role="main">
+            
+  <section id="module-pwd">
+<span id="pwd-the-password-database"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-pwd" title="pwd: The password database (getpwnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pwd</span></code></a> --- 用户密码数据库<a class="headerlink" href="#module-pwd" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
+<hr class="docutils" />
+<p>此模块可以访问 Unix 用户账户名及密码数据库，在所有 Unix 版本上均可使用。</p>
+<p>密码数据库中的条目以元组对象返回，属性对应 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passwd</span></code> 中的结构（属性如下所示，可参考 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;pwd.h&gt;</span></code>）：</p>
+<table class="docutils align-default">
+<colgroup>
+<col style="width: 14%" />
+<col style="width: 29%" />
+<col style="width: 57%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead>
+<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>索引</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>属性</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>含义</p></th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr class="row-even"><td><p>0</p></td>
+<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_name</span></code></p></td>
+<td><p>登录名</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>1</p></td>
+<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_passwd</span></code></p></td>
+<td><p>密码，可能已经加密</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td><p>2</p></td>
+<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_uid</span></code></p></td>
+<td><p>用户 ID 数值</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>3</p></td>
+<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_gid</span></code></p></td>
+<td><p>组 ID 数值</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td><p>4</p></td>
+<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_gecos</span></code></p></td>
+<td><p>用户名或备注</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>5</p></td>
+<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_dir</span></code></p></td>
+<td><p>用户主目录</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td><p>6</p></td>
+<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_shell</span></code></p></td>
+<td><p>用户的命令解释器</p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>其中 uid 和 gid 是整数，其他是字符串，如果找不到对应的项目，抛出 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> 异常。</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
+<p id="index-0">传统的 Unix 系统中，<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pw_passwd</span></code> 的值通常使用 DES 导出的算法加密（参阅 <a class="reference internal" href="crypt.html#module-crypt" title="crypt: The crypt() function used to check Unix passwords. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">crypt</span></code></a> 模块）。不过现在的 unix 系统使用 <em>影子密码</em> 系统。在这些 unix 上，<em>pw_passwd</em> 只包含星号（<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'*'</span></code>）或字母（<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'x'</span></code>），而加密的密码存储在文件 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/shadow</span></code> 中，此文件不是全局可读的。在 <em>pw_passwd</em> 中是否包含有用信息是系统相关的。如果可以访问到加密的密码，就需要使用 <a class="reference internal" href="spwd.html#module-spwd" title="spwd: The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code></a> 模块了。</p>
+</div>
+<p>本模块定义如下内容：</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="pwd.getpwuid">
+<code class="sig-prename descclassname">pwd.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getpwuid</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">uid</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pwd.getpwuid" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>给定用户的数值 ID，返回密码数据库的对应项目。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="pwd.getpwnam">
+<code class="sig-prename descclassname">pwd.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getpwnam</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pwd.getpwnam" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>给定用户名，返回密码数据库的对应项目。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="pwd.getpwall">
+<code class="sig-prename descclassname">pwd.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getpwall</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pwd.getpwall" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>返回密码数据库中所有项目的列表，顺序不是固定的。</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<div class="admonition seealso">
+<p class="admonition-title">参见</p>
+<dl class="simple">
+<dt>模块 <a class="reference internal" href="grp.html#module-grp" title="grp: The group database (getgrnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grp</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>针对用户组数据库的接口，与本模块类似。</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>模块 <a class="reference internal" href="spwd.html#module-spwd" title="spwd: The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>针对影子密码数据库的接口，与本模块类似。</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+</section>
+
+
+          </div>
+        </div>
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+      <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
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+  <h4>上一个主题</h4>
+  <p class="topless"><a href="posix.html"
+                        title="上一章"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">posix</span></code> --- 最常见的 POSIX 系统调用</a></p>
+  <h4>下一个主题</h4>
+  <p class="topless"><a href="spwd.html"
+                        title="下一章"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code> —— shadow 密码库</a></p>
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+    <h3>本页</h3>
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+        <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.8/Doc/library/pwd.rst"
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+        </a>
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+             >索引</a></li>
+        <li class="right" >
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+             >模块</a> |</li>
+        <li class="right" >
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+             >下一页</a> |</li>
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