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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize</span></code> --- 对 Python 代码使用的标记解析器</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tokenizing-input">对输入进行解析标记</a></li>
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<section id="module-tokenize">
<span id="tokenize-tokenizer-for-python-source"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-tokenize" title="tokenize: Lexical scanner for Python source code."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize</span></code></a> --- 对 Python 代码使用的标记解析器<a class="headerlink" href="#module-tokenize" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h1>
<p><strong>源码：</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.8/Lib/tokenize.py">Lib/tokenize.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-tokenize" title="tokenize: Lexical scanner for Python source code."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize</span></code></a> 模块为 Python 源代码提供了一个词法扫描器，用 Python 实现。该模块中的扫描器也将注释作为标记返回，这使得它对于实现“漂亮的输出器”非常有用，包括用于屏幕显示的着色器。</p>
<p>为了简化标记流的处理，所有的 <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/lexical_analysis.html#operators"><span class="std std-ref">运算符</span></a> 和 <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/lexical_analysis.html#delimiters"><span class="std std-ref">定界符</span></a> 以及 <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#Ellipsis" title="Ellipsis"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Ellipsis</span></code></a> 返回时都会打上通用的 <a class="reference internal" href="token.html#token.OP" title="token.OP"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OP</span></code></a> 标记。 可以通过 <a class="reference internal" href="#tokenize.tokenize" title="tokenize.tokenize"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize.tokenize()</span></code></a> 返回的 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-named-tuple"><span class="xref std std-term">named tuple</span></a> 对象的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exact_type</span></code> 属性来获得确切的标记类型。</p>
<section id="tokenizing-input">
<h2>对输入进行解析标记<a class="headerlink" href="#tokenizing-input" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h2>
<p>主要的入口是一个 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-generator"><span class="xref std std-term">generator</span></a>:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="tokenize.tokenize">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">tokenize.</code><code class="sig-name descname">tokenize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">readline</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#tokenize.tokenize" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>生成器 <a class="reference internal" href="#tokenize.tokenize" title="tokenize.tokenize"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize()</span></code></a> 需要一个 <em>readline</em> 参数，这个参数必须是一个可调用对象，且能提供与文件对象的 <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.IOBase.readline" title="io.IOBase.readline"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.IOBase.readline()</span></code></a> 方法相同的接口。每次调用这个函数都要 返回字节类型输入的一行数据。</p>
<p>生成器产生 5 个具有这些成员的元组：令牌类型；令牌字符串；指定令牌在源中开始的行和列的 2 元组 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(srow,</span> <span class="pre">scol)</span></code> ；指定令牌在源中结束的行和列的 2 元组 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(erow,</span> <span class="pre">ecol)</span></code> ；以及发现令牌的行。所传递的行（最后一个元组项）是 <em>实际的</em> 行。 5 个元组以 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-named-tuple"><span class="xref std std-term">named tuple</span></a> 的形式返回，字段名是： <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">type</span> <span class="pre">string</span> <span class="pre">start</span> <span class="pre">end</span> <span class="pre">line</span></code> 。</p>
<p>返回的 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-named-tuple"><span class="xref std std-term">named tuple</span></a> 有一个额外的属性，名为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exact_type</span></code> ，包含了 <a class="reference internal" href="token.html#token.OP" title="token.OP"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OP</span></code></a> 标记的确切操作符类型。 对于所有其他标记类型， <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exact_type</span></code> 等于命名元组的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">type</span></code> 字段。</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.1 版更改: </span>增加了对 named tuple 的支持。</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.3 版更改: </span>添加了对 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exact_type</span></code> 的支持。</p>
</div>
<p>根据:pep:<cite>263</cite> ， <a class="reference internal" href="#tokenize.tokenize" title="tokenize.tokenize"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize()</span></code></a> 通过寻找 UTF-8 BOM 或编码 cookie 来确定文件的源编码。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="tokenize.generate_tokens">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">tokenize.</code><code class="sig-name descname">generate_tokens</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">readline</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#tokenize.generate_tokens" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>对读取 unicode 字符串而不是字节的源进行标记。</p>
<p>和 <a class="reference internal" href="#tokenize.tokenize" title="tokenize.tokenize"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize()</span></code></a> 一样， <em>readline</em> 参数是一个返回单行输入的可调用参数。然而， <a class="reference internal" href="#tokenize.generate_tokens" title="tokenize.generate_tokens"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">generate_tokens()</span></code></a> 希望 <em>readline</em> 返回一个 str 对象而不是字节。</p>
<p>其结果是一个产生具名元组的的迭代器，与 <a class="reference internal" href="#tokenize.tokenize" title="tokenize.tokenize"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize()</span></code></a> 完全一样。 它不会产生 <a class="reference internal" href="token.html#token.ENCODING" title="token.ENCODING"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ENCODING</span></code></a> 标记。</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>所有来自 <a class="reference internal" href="token.html#module-token" title="token: Constants representing terminal nodes of the parse tree."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">token</span></code></a> 模块的常量也可从 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-tokenize" title="tokenize: Lexical scanner for Python source code."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize</span></code></a> 导出。</p>
<p>提供了另一个函数来逆转标记化过程。这对于创建对脚本进行标记、修改标记流并写回修改后脚本的工具很有用。</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="tokenize.untokenize">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">tokenize.</code><code class="sig-name descname">untokenize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">iterable</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#tokenize.untokenize" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>将令牌转换为 Python 源代码。 <em>iterable</em> 必须返回至少有两个元素的序列，即令牌类型和令牌字符串。任何额外的序列元素都会被忽略。</p>
<p>重构的脚本以单个字符串的形式返回。 结果被保证为标记回与输入相匹配，因此转换是无损的，并保证来回操作。 该保证只适用于标记类型和标记字符串，因为标记之间的间距（列位置）可能会改变。</p>
<p>它返回字节，使用 <a class="reference internal" href="token.html#token.ENCODING" title="token.ENCODING"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ENCODING</span></code></a> 标记进行编码，这是由 <a class="reference internal" href="#tokenize.tokenize" title="tokenize.tokenize"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize()</span></code></a> 输出的第一个标记序列。如果输入中没有编码令牌，它将返回一个字符串。</p>
</dd></dl>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#tokenize.tokenize" title="tokenize.tokenize"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize()</span></code></a> 需要检测它所标记源文件的编码。它用来做这件事的函数是可用的：</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="tokenize.detect_encoding">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">tokenize.</code><code class="sig-name descname">detect_encoding</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">readline</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#tokenize.detect_encoding" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="#tokenize.detect_encoding" title="tokenize.detect_encoding"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">detect_encoding()</span></code></a> 函数用于检测解码 Python 源文件时应使用的编码。它需要一个参数， readline ，与 <a class="reference internal" href="#tokenize.tokenize" title="tokenize.tokenize"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize()</span></code></a> 生成器的使用方式相同。</p>
<p>它最多调用 readline 两次，并返回所使用的编码（作为一个字符串）和它所读入的任何行（不是从字节解码的）的 list 。</p>
<p>它从 UTF-8 BOM 或编码 cookie 的存在中检测编码格式，如 <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263"><strong>PEP 263</strong></a> 所指明的。 如果 BOM 和 cookie 都存在，但不一致，将会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#SyntaxError" title="SyntaxError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SyntaxError</span></code></a>。 请注意，如果找到 BOM ，将返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'utf-8-sig'</span></code> 作为编码格式。</p>
<p>如果没有指定编码，那么将返回默认的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'utf-8'</span></code> 编码.</p>
<p>使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#tokenize.open" title="tokenize.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> 来打开 Python 源文件：它使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#tokenize.detect_encoding" title="tokenize.detect_encoding"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">detect_encoding()</span></code></a> 来检测文件编码。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="tokenize.open">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">tokenize.</code><code class="sig-name descname">open</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">filename</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#tokenize.open" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>使用由 <a class="reference internal" href="#tokenize.detect_encoding" title="tokenize.detect_encoding"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">detect_encoding()</span></code></a> 检测到的编码，以只读模式打开一个文件。</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.2 新版功能.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="tokenize.TokenError">
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">tokenize.</code><code class="sig-name descname">TokenError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#tokenize.TokenError" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>当文件中任何地方没有完成 docstring 或可能被分割成几行的表达式时触发，例如:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;Beginning of</span>
<span class="s2">docstring</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>或者：</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">3</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<p>注意，未封闭的单引号字符串不会导致错误发生。它们被标记为 <a class="reference internal" href="token.html#token.ERRORTOKEN" title="token.ERRORTOKEN"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERRORTOKEN</span></code></a> ，然后是其内容的标记化。</p>
</section>
<section id="command-line-usage">
<span id="tokenize-cli"></span><h2>命令行用法<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-usage" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h2>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.3 新版功能.</span></p>
</div>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-tokenize" title="tokenize: Lexical scanner for Python source code."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize</span></code></a> 模块可以作为一个脚本从命令行执行。这很简单。</p>
<div class="highlight-sh notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>python<span class="w"> </span>-m<span class="w"> </span>tokenize<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span>-e<span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span>filename.py<span class="o">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>可以接受以下选项：</p>
<dl class="cmdoption">
<dt id="cmdoption-tokenize-h">
<code class="sig-name descname">-h</code><code class="sig-prename descclassname"></code><code class="sig-prename descclassname">, </code><code class="sig-name descname">--help</code><code class="sig-prename descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-tokenize-h" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>显示此帮助信息并退出</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="cmdoption">
<dt id="cmdoption-tokenize-e">
<code class="sig-name descname">-e</code><code class="sig-prename descclassname"></code><code class="sig-prename descclassname">, </code><code class="sig-name descname">--exact</code><code class="sig-prename descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-tokenize-e" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>使用确切的类型显示令牌名称</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>如果 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filename.py</span></code> 被指定，其内容会被标记到 stdout 。否则，标记化将在 stdin 上执行。</p>
</section>
<section id="examples">
<h2>例子<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h2>
<p>脚本改写器的例子，它将 float 文本转换为 Decimal 对象：。</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">tokenize</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">tokenize</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">untokenize</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NUMBER</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">OP</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">io</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BytesIO</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">decistmt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Substitute Decimals for floats in a string of statements.</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; from decimal import Decimal</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; s = &#39;print(+21.3e-5*-.1234/81.7)&#39;</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; decistmt(s)</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;print (+Decimal (&#39;21.3e-5&#39;)*-Decimal (&#39;.1234&#39;)/Decimal (&#39;81.7&#39;))&quot;</span>
<span class="sd"> The format of the exponent is inherited from the platform C library.</span>
<span class="sd"> Known cases are &quot;e-007&quot; (Windows) and &quot;e-07&quot; (not Windows). Since</span>
<span class="sd"> we&#39;re only showing 12 digits, and the 13th isn&#39;t close to 5, the</span>
<span class="sd"> rest of the output should be platform-independent.</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; exec(s) #doctest: +ELLIPSIS</span>
<span class="sd"> -3.21716034272e-0...7</span>
<span class="sd"> Output from calculations with Decimal should be identical across all</span>
<span class="sd"> platforms.</span>
<span class="sd"> &gt;&gt;&gt; exec(decistmt(s))</span>
<span class="sd"> -3.217160342717258261933904529E-7</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">g</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tokenize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BytesIO</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">readline</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># tokenize the string</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">toknum</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tokval</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">g</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">toknum</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">NUMBER</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="s1">&#39;.&#39;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">tokval</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="c1"># replace NUMBER tokens</span>
<span class="n">result</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">([</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Decimal&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OP</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;(&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">repr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tokval</span><span class="p">)),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OP</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">result</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">toknum</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tokval</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">untokenize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">result</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>从命令行进行标记化的例子。 脚本:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">say_hello</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Hello, World!&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">say_hello</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>将被标记为以下输出，其中第一列是发现标记的行 / 列坐标范围，第二列是标记的名称，最后一列是标记的值（如果有）。</p>
<div class="highlight-shell-session notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>python<span class="w"> </span>-m<span class="w"> </span>tokenize<span class="w"> </span>hello.py
<span class="go">0,0-0,0: ENCODING &#39;utf-8&#39;</span>
<span class="go">1,0-1,3: NAME &#39;def&#39;</span>
<span class="go">1,4-1,13: NAME &#39;say_hello&#39;</span>
<span class="go">1,13-1,14: OP &#39;(&#39;</span>
<span class="go">1,14-1,15: OP &#39;)&#39;</span>
<span class="go">1,15-1,16: OP &#39;:&#39;</span>
<span class="go">1,16-1,17: NEWLINE &#39;\n&#39;</span>
<span class="go">2,0-2,4: INDENT &#39; &#39;</span>
<span class="go">2,4-2,9: NAME &#39;print&#39;</span>
<span class="go">2,9-2,10: OP &#39;(&#39;</span>
<span class="go">2,10-2,25: STRING &#39;&quot;Hello, World!&quot;&#39;</span>
<span class="go">2,25-2,26: OP &#39;)&#39;</span>
<span class="go">2,26-2,27: NEWLINE &#39;\n&#39;</span>
<span class="go">3,0-3,1: NL &#39;\n&#39;</span>
<span class="go">4,0-4,0: DEDENT &#39;&#39;</span>
<span class="go">4,0-4,9: NAME &#39;say_hello&#39;</span>
<span class="go">4,9-4,10: OP &#39;(&#39;</span>
<span class="go">4,10-4,11: OP &#39;)&#39;</span>
<span class="go">4,11-4,12: NEWLINE &#39;\n&#39;</span>
<span class="go">5,0-5,0: ENDMARKER &#39;&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>可以使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-tokenize-e"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-e</span></code></a> 选项来显示确切的标记类型名称。</p>
<div class="highlight-shell-session notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>python<span class="w"> </span>-m<span class="w"> </span>tokenize<span class="w"> </span>-e<span class="w"> </span>hello.py
<span class="go">0,0-0,0: ENCODING &#39;utf-8&#39;</span>
<span class="go">1,0-1,3: NAME &#39;def&#39;</span>
<span class="go">1,4-1,13: NAME &#39;say_hello&#39;</span>
<span class="go">1,13-1,14: LPAR &#39;(&#39;</span>
<span class="go">1,14-1,15: RPAR &#39;)&#39;</span>
<span class="go">1,15-1,16: COLON &#39;:&#39;</span>
<span class="go">1,16-1,17: NEWLINE &#39;\n&#39;</span>
<span class="go">2,0-2,4: INDENT &#39; &#39;</span>
<span class="go">2,4-2,9: NAME &#39;print&#39;</span>
<span class="go">2,9-2,10: LPAR &#39;(&#39;</span>
<span class="go">2,10-2,25: STRING &#39;&quot;Hello, World!&quot;&#39;</span>
<span class="go">2,25-2,26: RPAR &#39;)&#39;</span>
<span class="go">2,26-2,27: NEWLINE &#39;\n&#39;</span>
<span class="go">3,0-3,1: NL &#39;\n&#39;</span>
<span class="go">4,0-4,0: DEDENT &#39;&#39;</span>
<span class="go">4,0-4,9: NAME &#39;say_hello&#39;</span>
<span class="go">4,9-4,10: LPAR &#39;(&#39;</span>
<span class="go">4,10-4,11: RPAR &#39;)&#39;</span>
<span class="go">4,11-4,12: NEWLINE &#39;\n&#39;</span>
<span class="go">5,0-5,0: ENDMARKER &#39;&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>以编程方式对文件进行标记的例子，用 <a class="reference internal" href="#tokenize.generate_tokens" title="tokenize.generate_tokens"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">generate_tokens()</span></code></a> 读取 unicode 字符串而不是字节:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">tokenize</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">tokenize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;hello.py&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">tokens</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tokenize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">generate_tokens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">readline</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">token</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">tokens</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">token</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>或者通过 <a class="reference internal" href="#tokenize.tokenize" title="tokenize.tokenize"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize()</span></code></a> 直接读取字节数据:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">tokenize</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;hello.py&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">tokens</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tokenize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tokenize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">readline</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">token</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">tokens</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">token</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
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