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<section id="module-urllib.robotparser">
<span id="urllib-robotparser-parser-for-robots-txt"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-urllib.robotparser" title="urllib.robotparser: Load a robots.txt file and answer questions about fetchability of other URLs."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib.robotparser</span></code></a> --- robots.txt 语法分析程序<a class="headerlink" href="#module-urllib.robotparser" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h1>
<p><strong>源代码：</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.8/Lib/urllib/robotparser.py">Lib/urllib/robotparser.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />
<p>此模块提供了一个单独的类 <a class="reference internal" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser" title="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RobotFileParser</span></code></a>，它可以回答关于某个特定用户代理是否能在 Web 站点获取发布 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> 文件的 URL 的问题。 有关 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> 文件结构的更多细节请参阅 <a class="reference external" href="http://www.robotstxt.org/orig.html">http://www.robotstxt.org/orig.html</a>。</p>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">urllib.robotparser.</code><code class="sig-name descname">RobotFileParser</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">url=''</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>这个类提供了一些可以读取、解析和回答关于 <em>url</em> 上的 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> 文件的问题的方法。</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.set_url">
<code class="sig-name descname">set_url</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">url</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.set_url" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>设置指向 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> 文件的 URL。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.read">
<code class="sig-name descname">read</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.read" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>读取 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> URL 并将其输入解析器。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.parse">
<code class="sig-name descname">parse</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">lines</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.parse" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>解析行参数。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.can_fetch">
<code class="sig-name descname">can_fetch</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">useragent</em>, <em class="sig-param">url</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.can_fetch" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果允许 <em>useragent</em> 按照被解析 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> 文件中的规则来获取 <em>url</em> 则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.mtime">
<code class="sig-name descname">mtime</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.mtime" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回最近一次获取 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> 文件的时间。 这适用于需要定期检查 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> 文件更新情况的长时间运行的网页爬虫。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.modified">
<code class="sig-name descname">modified</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.modified" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>将最近一次获取 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> 文件的时间设置为当前时间。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.crawl_delay">
<code class="sig-name descname">crawl_delay</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">useragent</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.crawl_delay" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>为指定的 <em>useragent</em> 从 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> 返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Crawl-delay</span></code> 形参。 如果此形参不存在或不适用于指定的 <em>useragent</em> 或者此形参的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> 条目存在语法错误，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>。</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.6 新版功能.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.request_rate">
<code class="sig-name descname">request_rate</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">useragent</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.request_rate" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>以 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-named-tuple"><span class="xref std std-term">named tuple</span></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RequestRate(requests,</span> <span class="pre">seconds)</span></code> 的形式从 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> 返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Request-rate</span></code> 形参的内容。 如果此形参不存在或不适用于指定的 <em>useragent</em> 或者此形参的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> 条目存在语法错误，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>。</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.6 新版功能.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.site_maps">
<code class="sig-name descname">site_maps</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.site_maps" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>以 <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#list" title="list"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list()</span></code></a> 的形式从 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> 返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Sitemap</span></code> 形参的内容。 如果此形参不存在或者此形参的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> 条目存在语法错误，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>。</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.8 新版功能.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<p>下面的例子演示了 <a class="reference internal" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser" title="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RobotFileParser</span></code></a> 类的基本用法:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">urllib.robotparser</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">urllib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">robotparser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RobotFileParser</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://www.musi-cal.com/robots.txt&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rrate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">request_rate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;*&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rrate</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">requests</span>
<span class="go">3</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rrate</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seconds</span>
<span class="go">20</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">crawl_delay</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;*&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">6</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">can_fetch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;*&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;http://www.musi-cal.com/cgi-bin/search?city=San+Francisco&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">False</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">can_fetch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;*&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;http://www.musi-cal.com/&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">True</span>
</pre></div>
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