137 lines
7.5 KiB
HTML
137 lines
7.5 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
|
|
<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
|
<title>getchar</title>
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-c_io_getchar skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
|
|
<div id="cpp-content-base">
|
|
<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
|
|
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">getchar</h1>
|
|
<div id="bodyContent">
|
|
<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="c.html">c</a>‎ | <a href="c-io.html">io</a></span></div>
|
|
<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
|
|
<table class="t-dcl-begin">
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><stdio.h></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dcl">
|
|
<td class="t-dcl-nopad">
|
|
<div><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">int</span> getchar<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
|
|
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>从 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-io.html">stdin</a></span> 读取下一个字符。</p>
|
|
<p>等价于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><a href="c-io-fgetc.html"><span class="kw828">getc</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-io.html"><span class="kw885">stdin</span></a><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</p>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
|
|
<p>(无)</p>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
|
|
<p>成功时为获得的字符,失败时为 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-io.html">EOF</a></span> 。</p>
|
|
<p>若失败由文件尾条件产生,则另外设置 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-io.html">stdin</a></span> 上的<i>文件尾</i>指示器(见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-io-feof.html">feof()</a></span> )。若失败由某些其他错误产生,则设置 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-io.html">stdin</a></span> 上的<i>错误</i>指示器(见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-io-ferror.html">ferror()</a></span> )。</p>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
|
|
<div class="t-example">
|
|
<p>getchar带错误检查</p>
|
|
<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="c source-c">
|
|
<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <stdio.h></span>
|
|
<span class="co2">#include <stdlib.h></span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">{</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">int</span> ch<span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw1">while</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">(</span>ch<span class="sy1">=</span>getchar<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="c-io.html"><span class="kw888">EOF</span></a><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="coMULTI">/* 从stdin读/打印"abcde" */</span>
|
|
<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%c"</span>, ch<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="coMULTI">/* 测试抵达EOF的原因。 */</span>
|
|
<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-io-feof.html"><span class="kw876">feof</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-io.html"><span class="kw885">stdin</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="coMULTI">/* 若因文件尾条件失败 */</span>
|
|
<a href="c-io-puts.html"><span class="kw835">puts</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"End of file reached"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw1">else</span> <span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-io-ferror.html"><span class="kw877">ferror</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-io.html"><span class="kw885">stdin</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="coMULTI">/* 若因某些错误失败 */</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">{</span>
|
|
<a href="c-io-perror.html"><span class="kw878">perror</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"getchar()"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">fprintf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-io.html"><span class="kw887">stderr</span></a>,<span class="st0">"getchar() failed in file %s at line # %d<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, __FILE__,__LINE__<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">9</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<a href="c-program-exit.html"><span class="kw488">exit</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-program-EXIT_status.html"><span class="kw494">EXIT_FAILURE</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw1">return</span> <a href="c-program-EXIT_status.html"><span class="kw493">EXIT_SUCCESS</span></a><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>输出:</p>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="text source-text">
|
|
<pre class="de1">abcde
|
|
End of file reached</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8">引用</span></h3>
|
|
<div class="t-ref-std-11">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>C11 标准(ISO/IEC 9899:2011):</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>7.21.7.6 The getchar function (p: 332)</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>C99 标准(ISO/IEC 9899:1999):</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>7.19.7.6 The getchar function (p: 298)</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
<div class="t-ref-std-c89">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>C89/C90 标准(ISO/IEC 9899:1990):</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>4.9.7.6 The getchar function</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="c-io-fgetc.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>fgetc</span><span>getc</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>从文件流获取一个字符<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="visualClear"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|