223 lines
20 KiB
HTML
223 lines
20 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
|
|
<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
|
<title>wcrtomb, wcrtomb_s</title>
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-c_string_multibyte_wcrtomb skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
|
|
<div id="cpp-content-base">
|
|
<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
|
|
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">wcrtomb, wcrtomb_s</h1>
|
|
<div id="bodyContent">
|
|
<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="c.html">c</a>‎ | <a href="c-string.html">string</a>‎ | <a href="c-string-multibyte.html">multibyte</a></span></div>
|
|
<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
|
|
<table class="t-dcl-begin">
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><wchar.h></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tbody class="t-dcl-rev t-dcl-rev-num">
|
|
<tr class="t-dcl-rev-aux">
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<td rowspan="142">(1)</td>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dcl t-since-c95">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> wcrtomb<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>s, <span class="kw4">wchar_t</span> wc, <a href="c-string-multibyte-mbstate_t.html"><span class="kw591">mbstate_t</span></a> <span class="sy2">*</span>ps<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
|
|
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95 起)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dcl t-since-c99">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> wcrtomb<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="kw4">restrict</span> s, <span class="kw4">wchar_t</span> wc, <a href="c-string-multibyte-mbstate_t.html"><span class="kw591">mbstate_t</span></a> <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="kw4">restrict</span> ps<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
|
|
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99 起)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr class="t-dcl t-since-c11">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">errno_t wcrtomb_s<span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="kw4">restrict</span> retval, <span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="kw4">restrict</span> s, rsize_t ssz,<br />
|
|
<span class="kw4">wchar_t</span> wc, <a href="c-string-multibyte-mbstate_t.html"><span class="kw591">mbstate_t</span></a> <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="kw4">restrict</span> ps<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>(2)</td>
|
|
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11 起)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>转换宽字符为其窄多字节表示。</p>
|
|
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 若 <code>s</code> 不是空指针,则函数检测存储 <code>wc</code> 的多字节字符表示所需的字节数(包含任何迁移序列,并考虑当前多字节转换状态 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span>ps</span></span> ,并存储多字节字符表示于首元素为 <code>s</code> 所指向的字符数组,按需更新 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span>ps</span></span> 。此函数至多能写入 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">MB_CUR_MAX</span></span> 字节。</div>
|
|
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> 若 <code>s</code> 为空指针,则调用等价于对某内部缓冲区 <code>buf</code> 的 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">wcrtomb<span class="br0">(</span>buf, L<span class="st0">'<span class="es5">\0</span>'</span>, ps<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</div>
|
|
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> 若 wc 是空宽字符 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">L<span class="st0">'<span class="es5">\0</span>'</span></span></span> ,则存储空字节,前接任何恢复到初始迁移状态所需的迁移序列,并更新转换状态参数 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span>ps</span></span> 以表示其初始迁移状态。</div>
|
|
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> 若定义环境宏 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">__STDC_ISO_10646__</span></span> ,则 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span></span></span> 类型的值与 Unicode 要求集(典型地为 UTF-32 编码)中字符的短标识符相同;否则它是实现定义的。任何情况下,此函数所用的多字节字符编码为当前活跃的 C 本地环境所指定。</div>
|
|
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 同 <span class="t-v">(1)</span> ,除了</div>
|
|
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> 若 <code>s</code> 为空指针,则调用等价于用内部变量 <code>retval</code> 和 <code>buf</code> (其大小大于 <span class="t-lc">MB_CUR_MAX</span> )的 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">wcrtomb_s<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&</span>retval, buf, <span class="kw4">sizeof</span> buf, L<span class="st0">'<span class="es5">\0</span>'</span>, ps<span class="br0">)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> 返回结果于输出参数 <code>retval</code></div>
|
|
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> 在运行时检测下列错误,并调用当前安装的<a href="c-error-set_constraint_handler_s.html">制约处理</a>函数:
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><code>retval</code> 或 <code>ps</code> 为空指针。</li>
|
|
<li><code>ssz</code> 为零或大于 <span class="t-lc">RSIZE_MAX</span> (除非 <code>s</code> 为空)</li>
|
|
<li><code>ssz</code> 小于会写入的字节数(除非 <code>s</code> 为空)</li>
|
|
<li><code>s</code> 为空指针但 <code>ssz</code> 非零</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dd></dd>
|
|
<dd>同所有边界检查函数, <code>wcrtomb_s</code> 仅若实现定义了 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">__STDC_LIB_EXT1__</span></span> ,且用户在包含 <code>wchar.h</code> 前定义 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__</span></span> 为整数常量 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="nu0">1</span></span></span> 才保证可用。</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-par-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-par">
|
|
<td>s</td>
|
|
<td>-</td>
|
|
<td>指向窄字符数组的指针,其中将存储多字节字符串</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-par">
|
|
<td>wc</td>
|
|
<td>-</td>
|
|
<td>要转换的宽字符</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-par">
|
|
<td>ps</td>
|
|
<td>-</td>
|
|
<td>指向转译多字节字符串时所用的转换状态对象的指针</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-par">
|
|
<td>ssz</td>
|
|
<td>-</td>
|
|
<td>要写入的最大字节数(缓冲区 <code>s</code> 的大小)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-par">
|
|
<td>retval</td>
|
|
<td>-</td>
|
|
<td>指向输出参数的指针,将存储结果于其中(多字节字符串的字节数,包含任何迁移序列)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
|
|
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 成功时,返回写入首元素为 <code>s</code> 所指向的字符数组的字节数(包含任何迁移序列)。</div>
|
|
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> 失败时(若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">wc</span></span> 不是合法宽字符),返回 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span></span></span> ,存储 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-error-errno_macros.html">EILSEQ</a></span> 于 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-error-errno.html">errno</a></span> ,并使 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span>ps</span></span> 留在未指定状态。</div>
|
|
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 成功时返回零。失败时返回非零,该情况下,设置 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">s<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">]</span></span></span> 为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="st0">'<span class="es5">\0</span>'</span></span></span> (除非 <code>s</code> 为空或 <code>ssz</code> 为零或大于 <span class="t-lc">RSIZE_MAX</span> )并设置 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span>retval</span></span> 为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span></span></span> (除非 <code>retval</code> 为空)。</div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
|
|
<div class="t-example">
|
|
<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="c source-c">
|
|
<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <stdio.h></span>
|
|
<span class="co2">#include <locale.h></span>
|
|
<span class="co2">#include <string.h></span>
|
|
<span class="co2">#include <wchar.h></span>
|
|
<span class="co2">#include <stdlib.h></span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">{</span>
|
|
<a href="c-locale-setlocale.html"><span class="kw900">setlocale</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-locale-LC_categories.html"><span class="kw903">LC_ALL</span></a>, <span class="st0">"en_US.utf8"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<a href="c-string-multibyte-mbstate_t.html"><span class="kw591">mbstate_t</span></a> state<span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<a href="c-string-byte-memset.html"><span class="kw571">memset</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&</span>state, <span class="nu0">0</span>, <span class="kw4">sizeof</span> state<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">wchar_t</span> in<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> L<span class="st0">"zß水🍌"</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 或 "z\u00df\u6c34\U0001F34C"</span>
|
|
<a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> in_sz <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="kw4">sizeof</span> in <span class="sy2">/</span> <span class="kw4">sizeof</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>in<span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Processing %zu wchar_t units: [ "</span>, in_sz<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> n <span class="sy1"><</span> in_sz<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>n<span class="br0">)</span> <a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%#x "</span>, in<span class="br0">[</span>n<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<a href="c-io-puts.html"><span class="kw835">puts</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"]"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw4">char</span> out<span class="br0">[</span>MB_CUR_MAX <span class="sy2">*</span> in_sz<span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>p <span class="sy1">=</span> out<span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> n <span class="sy1"><</span> in_sz<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>n<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
|
|
<a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> rc <span class="sy1">=</span> wcrtomb<span class="br0">(</span>p, in<span class="br0">[</span>n<span class="br0">]</span>, <span class="sy3">&</span>state<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw1">if</span><span class="br0">(</span>rc <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">break</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
p <span class="sy2">+</span><span class="sy1">=</span> rc<span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span>
|
|
|
|
<a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> out_sz <span class="sy1">=</span> p <span class="sy2">-</span> out<span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"into %zu UTF-8 code units: [ "</span>, out_sz<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> x <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> x <span class="sy1"><</span> out_sz<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>x<span class="br0">)</span> <a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%#x "</span>, <span class="sy2">+</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="br0">)</span>out<span class="br0">[</span>x<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<a href="c-io-puts.html"><span class="kw835">puts</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"]"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>输出:</p>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="text source-text">
|
|
<pre class="de1">Processing 5 wchar_t units: [ 0x7a 0xdf 0x6c34 0x1f34c 0 ]
|
|
into 11 UTF-8 code units: [ 0x7a 0xc3 0x9f 0xe6 0xb0 0xb4 0xf0 0x9f 0x8d 0x8c 0 ]</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8">引用</span></h3>
|
|
<div class="t-ref-std-11">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>C11 标准(ISO/IEC 9899:2011):</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>7.29.6.3.3 The wcrtomb function (p: 444)</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>K.3.9.3.1.1 The wcrtomb_s function (p: 647-648)</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>C99 标准(ISO/IEC 9899:1999):</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>7.24.6.3.3 The wcrtomb function (p: 390)</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="c-string-multibyte-wctomb.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>wctomb</span><span>wctomb_s</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>将宽字符转换成其多字节表示<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="c-string-multibyte-mbrtowc.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>mbrtowc</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>给定状态,将下一个多字节字符转换成宽字符<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="visualClear"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|