296 lines
24 KiB
HTML
296 lines
24 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>std::multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>::insert</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_container_multimap_insert skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>::</span>insert</h1>
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-container.html">container</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-container-multimap.html">multimap</a></span></div>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">iterator insert<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> value_type<span class="sy3">&</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">iterator insert<span class="br0">(</span> value_type<span class="sy3">&&</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> P <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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iterator insert<span class="br0">(</span> P<span class="sy3">&&</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(3)</td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">iterator insert<span class="br0">(</span> iterator hint, <span class="kw4">const</span> value_type<span class="sy3">&</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">iterator insert<span class="br0">(</span> const_iterator hint, <span class="kw4">const</span> value_type<span class="sy3">&</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">iterator insert<span class="br0">(</span> const_iterator hint, value_type<span class="sy3">&&</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(3)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> P <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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iterator insert<span class="br0">(</span> const_iterator hint, P<span class="sy3">&&</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(4)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> InputIt <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">void</span> insert<span class="br0">(</span> InputIt first, InputIt last <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(5)</td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span> insert<span class="br0">(</span> <a href="cpp-utility-initializer_list.html"><span class="kw960">std::<span class="me2">initializer_list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>value_type<span class="sy1">></span> ilist <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(6)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">iterator insert<span class="br0">(</span>node_type<span class="sy3">&&</span> nh<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(7)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">iterator insert<span class="br0">(</span>const_iterator hint, node_type<span class="sy3">&&</span> nh<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(8)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<p>插入元素到容器中。</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-2)</span> 插入 <code>value</code> 。若容器拥有带等价关键的元素，则插入到范围的上界。<span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span>重载 <span class="t-v">(2)</span> 等价于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">emplace<span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-utility-forward.html"><span class="kw1117">std::<span class="me2">forward</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>P<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>value<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，且仅若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-types-is_constructible.html"><span class="kw520">std::<span class="me2">is_constructible</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>value_type, P<span class="sy3">&&</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">value</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> 才参与重载决议。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3-4)</span> 插入 <code>value</code> 到尽可能接近，恰好前于<span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span> <code>hint</code> 的位置。重载 <span class="t-v">(4)</span> 等价于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">emplace_hint<span class="br0">(</span>hint, <a href="cpp-utility-forward.html"><span class="kw1117">std::<span class="me2">forward</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>P<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>value<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，且仅若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-types-is_constructible.html"><span class="kw520">std::<span class="me2">is_constructible</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>value_type, P<span class="sy3">&&</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">value</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> 才参与重载决议。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">5)</span> 插入来自范围 <code>[first, last)</code> 的元素。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">6)</span> 插入来自 initializer_list <code>ilist</code> 的元素。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">7)</span> 若 <code>nh</code> 是空的<a href="cpp-container-node_handle.html">结点把柄</a>，则不做任何事。否则插入 <code>nh</code> 所占有的元素到容器并返回指向被插入元素的迭代器。若范围含有关键等价于存在于容器中的 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">nh.<span class="me1">key</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 的关键，则在范围结尾插入元素。若 <code>nh</code> 非空且 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">get_allocator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> nh.<span class="me1">get_allocator</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 则行为未定义。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">8)</span> 若 <code>nh</code> 是空的<a href="cpp-container-node_handle.html">结点把柄</a>，则不做任何事并返回尾迭代器。否则，插入 <code>nh</code> 所占有的元素到容器，并返回指向拥有等于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">nh.<span class="me1">key</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 的关键的元素的迭代器元素被插入到尽可能接近正好先于 <code>hint</code> 的位置。若 <code>nh</code> 非空且 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">get_allocator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> nh.<span class="me1">get_allocator</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 则行为未定义。</div>
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<p>没有迭代器或引用被非法化。<span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx17"><span>若插入成功，则在结点把柄保有元素时获得的指向该元素的指针和引用被非法化，而在提取前获得的指向元素的指针和引用变得合法。</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></span></span></p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>hint</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<tr class="t-rev t-until-cxx11">
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<td>
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<p>用作搜索开始位置的建议的迭代器</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<p>指向将插入新元素到其前的位置的迭代器</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</td>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>value</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要插入的值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>first, last</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要插入的元素范围</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>ilist</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>插入值来源的 initializer_list</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>nh</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>兼容的<a href="cpp-container-node_handle.html">结点把柄</a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-hitem">
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<td colspan="3">类型要求</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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<code>InputIt</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-InputIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式输入迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyInputIterator)</span></a> 的要求。</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-4)</span> 指向被插入元素的迭代器。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">5-6)</span> （无）</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">7,8)</span> 若 <code>nh</code> 为空则为尾迭代器，否则为指向被插入元素的迭代器。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8">异常</span></h3>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-4)</span> 若任何操作抛出异常，则插入无效果。</div>
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<table class="metadata plainlinks ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" style="">
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<tr>
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<td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td>
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<td class="mbox-text" style="">本节未完成<br />
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原因：情况 5-6</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.A4.8D.E6.9D.82.E5.BA.A6">复杂度</span></h3>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-2)</span> 与容器大小成对数， <code>O(log(size()))</code> 。</div>
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<tr class="t-rev t-until-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3-4)</span> 若插入恰好发生在 hint <i>后</i>的位置则为均摊常数，否则与容器大小成对数。</div>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3-4)</span> 若插入恰好发生在 hint <i>前</i>的位置则为均摊常数，否则与容器大小成对数。</div>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">5-6)</span> <code>O(N*log(size() + N))</code> ，其中 N 是要插入的元素数。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">7)</span> 与容器大小成对数， <code>O(log(size()))</code> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">8)</span> 若插入恰好发生在 hint <i>前</i>的位置则为均摊常数，否则与容器大小成对数。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <string></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <map></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <functional></span>
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<span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> M<span class="sy1">></span>
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<span class="kw4">void</span> print<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> M<span class="sy3">&</span> mmap<span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">auto</span> <span class="sy3">&</span> e <span class="sy4">:</span> mmap<span class="br0">)</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"{"</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> e.<span class="me1">first</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">","</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> e.<span class="me1">second</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"} "</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="co1">// 列表初始化</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-multimap.html"><span class="kw1285">std::<span class="me2">multimap</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span>, <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a>, <a href="cpp-utility-functional-greater.html"><span class="kw1037">std::<span class="me2">greater</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">>></span> mmap
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<span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="st0">"foo"</span><span class="br0">}</span>, <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="st0">"bar"</span><span class="br0">}</span>, <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="st0">"baz"</span><span class="br0">}</span>, <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="st0">"abc"</span><span class="br0">}</span>, <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="st0">"def"</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// 用 value_type 插入</span>
|
|
mmap.<span class="me1">insert</span><span class="br0">(</span>decltype<span class="br0">(</span>mmap<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">value_type</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="st0">"pqr"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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print<span class="br0">(</span>mmap<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
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|
<span class="co1">// 用 make_pair 插入</span>
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|
mmap.<span class="me1">insert</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-utility-pair-make_pair.html"><span class="kw1097">std::<span class="me2">make_pair</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">6</span>, <span class="st0">"uvw"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
print<span class="br0">(</span>mmap<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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|
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|
mmap.<span class="me1">insert</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">7</span>, <span class="st0">"xyz"</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
print<span class="br0">(</span>mmap<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="co1">// 用 initialization_list 插入</span>
|
|
mmap.<span class="me1">insert</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="st0">"one"</span><span class="br0">}</span>, <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="st0">"two"</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
print<span class="br0">(</span>mmap<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="co1">// 擦除所有关键为 5 的条目</span>
|
|
mmap.<span class="me1">erase</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">5</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
print<span class="br0">(</span>mmap<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="co1">// 寻找并擦除特定条目</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">auto</span> pos <span class="sy1">=</span> mmap.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw1">while</span> <span class="br0">(</span>pos<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span>second <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="st0">"bar"</span> <span class="sy3">&&</span> pos <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> mmap.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>pos<span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
mmap.<span class="me1">erase</span><span class="br0">(</span>pos<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
print<span class="br0">(</span>mmap<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>输出：</p>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="text source-text">
|
|
<pre class="de1">{5,def} {5,pqr} {3,baz} {2,foo} {2,bar} {1,abc}
|
|
{6,uvw} {5,def} {5,pqr} {3,baz} {2,foo} {2,bar} {1,abc}
|
|
{7,xyz} {6,uvw} {5,def} {5,pqr} {3,baz} {2,foo} {2,bar} {1,abc}
|
|
{7,xyz} {6,uvw} {5,def} {5,pqr} {5,one} {5,two} {3,baz} {2,foo} {2,bar} {1,abc}
|
|
{7,xyz} {6,uvw} {3,baz} {2,foo} {2,bar} {1,abc}
|
|
{7,xyz} {6,uvw} {3,baz} {2,foo} {1,abc}</pre></div>
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|
</div>
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|
</div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-multimap-emplace.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>emplace</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>原位构造元素<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-multimap-emplace_hint.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>emplace_hint</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>使用提示原位构造元素<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="visualClear"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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