162 lines
15 KiB
HTML
162 lines
15 KiB
HTML
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<title>std::filesystem::canonical, std::filesystem::weakly_canonical</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_filesystem_canonical skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::filesystem::</span>canonical, <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::filesystem::</span>weakly_canonical</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-filesystem.html">filesystem</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-filesystem.html"><filesystem></a></code></div>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">path canonical<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="kw2199">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> p,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="kw2199">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> base <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-current_path.html"><span class="kw2271">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">current_path</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">path canonical<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="kw2199">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> p,<br />
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<a href="cpp-error-error_code.html"><span class="kw877">std::<span class="me2">error_code</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> ec <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">path canonical<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="kw2199">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> p,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="kw2199">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> base,<br /></p>
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<a href="cpp-error-error_code.html"><span class="kw877">std::<span class="me2">error_code</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> ec <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(3)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">path weakly_canonical<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="kw2199">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> p<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(4)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">path weakly_canonical<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="kw2199">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> p,<br />
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<a href="cpp-error-error_code.html"><span class="kw877">std::<span class="me2">error_code</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> ec<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(5)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-3)</span> 转换路径 <code>p</code> 为规范绝对路径，即在其通用格式表示中无点、双点元素或符号链接的绝对路径。若 <code>p</code> 不是绝对路径，则该函数表现为首先用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">absolute<span class="br0">(</span>p, base<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 或对于 <span class="t-v">(2)</span> 则是 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">absolute<span class="br0">(</span>p<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，将它设为绝对。路径 <code>p</code> 必须存在。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4-5)</span> 返回由 <code>operator/=</code> 从不带 base 参数调用 <code>canonical()</code> 的结果，和以由 <code>p</code> 的存在的前导元素（如以 <code>status(p)</code> 或 <code>status(p, ec)</code> 确定），若有这些，后随 <code>p</code> 的不存在元素组成，若有这些，组成的路径。产生的路径为<a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html">正常形式</a>。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>p</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>可以为绝对或相对于 <code>base</code> 的路径；对于 <code>canonical</code> 必须是存在的路径</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>base</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>用于 <code>p</code> 为相对的情形的基础路径</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>ec</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>存储错误状态的错误码</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-3)</span> 解析到与 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">absolute<span class="br0">(</span>p, base<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为相同文件的绝对路径（或对于 <span class="t-v">(2)</span> 与 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">absolute<span class="br0">(</span>p<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 相同）。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4-5)</span> <code>canonical(x)/y</code> 形式的正常路径，其中 x 是由 p 中存在的元素的最长前导序列组成的路径，而 y 是由 p 中剩余尾随的不存在元素组成的路径</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8">异常</span></h3>
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<p>不接受 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-error-error_code.html"><span class="kw877">std::<span class="me2">error_code</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span></span></span> 参数的重载在底层 OS API 错误时抛出 <a href="cpp-filesystem-filesystem_error.html"><tt>filesystem_error</tt></a> ，以第一 path 参数 <code>p</code>，第二 path 参数 <code>base</code> 和作为错误码参数的 OS 错误码构造。若 OS API 调用失败，则接受 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-error-error_code.html"><span class="kw877">std::<span class="me2">error_code</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span></span></span> 参数的重载设置该参数为 OS API 错误码，而若不出现错误则执行 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ec.<span class="me1">clear</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。若内存分配失败，则任何不标记为 <code>noexcept</code> 的重载可能抛出 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-memory-new-bad_alloc.html">std::bad_alloc</a></span> 。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E6.84.8F">注意</span></h3>
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<p>函数 <code>canonical()</code> 模仿 POSIX <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/realpath.html">realpath</a> 。</p>
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<p>引入函数 <code>weakly_canonical()</code> 以简化 <a href="cpp-filesystem-relative.html"><tt>relative()</tt></a> 的操作语义。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <filesystem></span>
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<span class="kw1">namespace</span> fs <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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fs<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span> p <span class="sy1">=</span> fs<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">".."</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy2">/</span> <span class="st0">".."</span> <span class="sy2">/</span> <span class="st0">"AppData"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Current path is "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> fs<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">current_path</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Canonical path for "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> p <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" is "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> canonical<span class="br0">(</span>p<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>可能的输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">Current path is "C:\Users\abcdef\AppData\Local\Temp"
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Canonical path for "..\..\AppData" is "C:\Users\abcdef\AppData"</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>path</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>表示路径<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-filesystem-absolute.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>absolute</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>组成一个绝对路径<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-filesystem-relative.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>relative</span><span>proximate</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>组成一个相对路径<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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