390 lines
26 KiB
HTML
390 lines
26 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>std::get_time</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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</head>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_io_manip_get_time skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>get_time</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-io.html">io</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-io-manip.html">manip</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<tbody>
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-iomanip.html"><iomanip></a></code></div>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> CharT <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="coMULTI">/*unspecified*/</span> get_time<span class="br0">(</span> <a href="cpp-chrono-c-tm.html"><span class="kw1023">std::<span class="me2">tm</span></span></a><span class="sy2">*</span> tmb, <span class="kw4">const</span> CharT<span class="sy2">*</span> fmt <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>用于表达式 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">in <span class="sy1">>></span> get_time<span class="br0">(</span>tmb, fmt<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 时，按照格式字符串 <code>fmt</code> 及输入流 <code>in</code> 中当前感染的 locale 的 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-locale-time_get.html">std::time_get</a></span> 平面，分析字符输入为日期/时间值。存储结果值于 <code>tmb</code> 所指向的 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-chrono-c-tm.html">std::tm</a></span> 对象中。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>tmb</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>指向 std::tm 对象的合法指针，结果将存储于其处</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>fmt</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>指向指定转换格式的空终止 CharT 字符串的指针
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<p>格式字符串由零或更多转换说明符、空白符和通常字符（除了 <code>%</code> ）组成。期待每个通常字符以大小无关比较匹配输入流中的一个字符。每个空白符匹配输入字符串中的任意空白符。每个转换说明始于 <code>%</code> 字符，可选地后随 <code>E</code> 或 <code>O</code> 修饰符（若本地环境不支持则忽略），后随确定说明符转换行为的字符。格式说明符匹配 POSIX 函数 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/strptime.html">strptime()</a> ：</p>
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<table class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; max-width:90em;">
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<tr>
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<th>转换指定符</th>
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<th>解释</th>
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<th>写入域</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>%</code></th>
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<td>匹配字面 <code>%</code> 。完整转换说明必须是 <code>%%</code> 。</td>
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<td>（无）</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>t</code></th>
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<td>匹配任何空白符。</td>
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<td>（无）</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>n</code></th>
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<td>匹配任何空白符。</td>
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<td>（无）</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3">年</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>Y</code></th>
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<td>分析完整<b>年</b>为四位十进制数，容许但不要求前导零</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_year</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>EY</code></th>
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<td>以替用表示分析<b>年</b>，例如 平成23年 在 ja_JP 本地环境中写 2011 到 tm_year</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_year</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>y</code></th>
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<td>分析<b>年</b>的后二位为十进制数。范围 <code>[69,99]</code> 生成 1969 至 1999 的值，范围 <code>[00,68]</code> 生成 2000-2068</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_year</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>Oy</code></th>
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<td>以替用数值系统分析<b>年</b>的后二位数字，例如 十一 在 ja_JP 本地环境中被分析为 11</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_year</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>Ey</code></th>
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<td>分析<b>年</b>为从本地环境的替用日历周期 <code>%EC</code> 的偏移</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_year</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>C</code></th>
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<td>分析<b>年</b>的首 2 位数字为十进制数（范围 <code>[00,99]</code> ）</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_year</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>EC</code></th>
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<td>分析本地环境的替用表示中，年基底（周期）的名称，例如 ja_JP 中的 平成</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_year</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3">月</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>b</code></th>
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<td>分析月份名，完整或缩写，例如 <code>Oct</code></td>
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<td><code><b>tm_mon</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>h</code></th>
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<td><code>b</code> 的同义词</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_mon</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>B</code></th>
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<td><code>b</code> 的同义词</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_mon</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>m</code></th>
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<td>分析<b>月</b>为十进制数（范围 <code>[01,12]</code> ），容许但不要求前导零</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_mon</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>Om</code></th>
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<td>用替代数值系统分析<b>月</b>，例如 ja_JP 本地环境中 十二 分析为 12</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_mon</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3">星期</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>U</code></th>
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<td>分析<b>年之星期</b>为十进制数（星期日是星期的首日）（范围 <code>[00,53]</code> ），容许但不要求前导零</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_year</b></code>, <code><b>tm_wday</b></code>, <code><b>tm_yday</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>OU</code></th>
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<td>用替用数值系统，如以 <code>%U</code> 一般分析<b>年之星期</b>，例如 ja_JP 本地环境中 五十二 分析为 52</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_year</b></code>, <code><b>tm_wday</b></code>, <code><b>tm_yday</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>W</code></th>
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<td>分析<b>年之星期</b>为十进制数（星期一是星期的首日）（范围 <code>[00,53]</code> ），容许但不要求前导零</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_year</b></code>, <code><b>tm_wday</b></code>, <code><b>tm_yday</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>OW</code></th>
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<td>用替用数值系统，如以 <code>%W</code> 一般分析<b>年之星期</b>，例如 ja_JP 本地环境中 五十二 分析为 52</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_year</b></code>, <code><b>tm_wday</b></code>, <code><b>tm_yday</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3">年/月之日</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>j</code></th>
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<td>分析<b>年之日</b>为十进制数（范围 <code>[001,366]</code> ），容许但不要求前导零</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_yday</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>d</code></th>
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<td>分析<b>月之日</b>为十进制数（范围 <code>[01,31]</code> ），容许但不要求前导零</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_mday</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>Od</code></th>
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<td>用替用数值系统分析<b>月之日</b>，例如 ja_JP 本地环境中 二十七 分析为 27 ，容许但不要求前导零</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_mday</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>e</code></th>
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<td><code>d</code> 的同义词</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_mday</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>Oe</code></th>
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<td><code>Od</code> 的同义词</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_mday</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3">星期之日</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>a</code></th>
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<td>分析星期的日名，完整或缩写版，例如 <code>Fri</code></td>
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<td><code><b>tm_wday</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>A</code></th>
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<td><code>a</code> 的同义词</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_wday</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>w</code></th>
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<td>分析<b>星期之日</b>为十进制数，其中星期日为 <code>0</code> （范围 <code>[0-6]</code> ）</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_wday</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>Ow</code></th>
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<td>用替用数值系统分析<b>星期之日</b>为十进制数，其中星期日为 <code>0</code> ，例如 ja_JP 本地环境中 二 分析为 2</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_wday</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3">时、分、秒</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>H</code></th>
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<td>分析<b>时</b>为十进制数，以 24 小时时钟（范围 <code>[00,23]</code> ） ，容许但不要求前导零</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_hour</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>OH</code></th>
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<td>用替用数值系统分析来自 24 小时时钟的<b>时</b>，例如 ja_JP 本地环境中 十八 分析为 18</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_hour</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>I</code></th>
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<td>分析<b>时</b>为十进制数，以 12 小时时钟（范围 <code>[01,12]</code> ） ，容许但不要求前导零</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_hour</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>OI</code></th>
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<td>用替用数值系统分析<b>时</b>，例如 ja_JP 本地环境中 六 分析为 6</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_hour</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>M</code></th>
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<td>分析<b>分</b>为十进制数（范围 <code>[00,59]</code> ），容许但不要求前导零</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_min</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>OM</code></th>
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<td>用替用数值系统分析<b>分</b>，例如 ja_JP 本地环境中 二十五 分析为 25</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_min</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>S</code></th>
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<td>分析<b>秒</b>为十进制数（范围 <code>[00,60]</code> ），容许但不要求前导零</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_sec</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>OS</code></th>
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<td>用替用数值系统分析<b>秒</b>，例如 ja_JP 本地环境中 二十四 分析为 24</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_sec</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3">其他</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>c</code></th>
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<td>分析本地环境的标准日期和时间字符串格式，例如 <code>Sun Oct 17 04:41:13 2010</code> （本地环境依赖）</td>
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<td>所有</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>Ec</code></th>
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<td>分析本地环境的替用时期和时间字符串格式，例如期待在 ja_JP 本地环境中以 平成23年 取代 2011年</td>
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<td>所有</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>x</code></th>
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<td>分析本地环境的标准日期表示</td>
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<td>所有</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>Ex</code></th>
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<td>分析本地环境的替用日期表示，例如期待在 ja_JP 本地环境中以 平成23年 取代 2011年</td>
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<td>所有</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>X</code></th>
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<td>分析本地环境的标准时间表示</td>
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<td>所有</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>EX</code></th>
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<td>分析本地环境的替用时间表示</td>
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<td>所有</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>D</code></th>
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<td>等价于 <b>"%m / %d / %y "</b></td>
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<td><code><b>tm_mon</b></code>, <code><b>tm_mday</b></code>, <code><b>tm_year</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>r</code></th>
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<td>等价于本地环境的标准 12 小时时钟时间（ POSIX 中为 <b>"%I : %M : %S %p"</b> ）</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_hour</b></code>, <code><b>tm_min</b></code>, <code><b>tm_sec</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>R</code></th>
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<td>等价于 <b>"%H : %M"</b></td>
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<td><code><b>tm_hour</b></code>, <code><b>tm_min</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>T</code></th>
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<td>等价于 <b>"%H : %M : %S"</b></td>
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<td><code><b>tm_hour</b></code>, <code><b>tm_min</b></code>, <code><b>tm_sec</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th><code>p</code></th>
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<td>分析 <b>a.m. 或 p.m.</b> 的本地环境等价版本</td>
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<td><code><b>tm_hour</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>注意：不写入 <code>tm_isdst</code> ，需要用如 <code>mktime</code> 的函数显式设置它。</p>
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<p><br /></p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>返回未指定类型的对象，使得若 <code>in</code> 为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-io-basic_istream.html"><span class="kw1713">std::<span class="me2">basic_istream</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT, Traits<span class="sy1">></span></span></span> 类型输出流的名称，则表达式 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">in <span class="sy1">>></span> get_time<span class="br0">(</span>tmb, fmt<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 表现为如同执行下列代码：</p>
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<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">typedef</span> <a href="cpp-iterator-istreambuf_iterator.html"><span class="kw669">std::<span class="me2">istreambuf_iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT, Traits<span class="sy1">></span> Iter<span class="sy4">;</span><br />
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<span class="kw1">typedef</span> <a href="cpp-locale-time_get.html"><span class="kw1948">std::<span class="me2">time_get</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT, Iter<span class="sy1">></span> TimeGet<span class="sy4">;</span><br />
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<a href="cpp-io-ios_base-iostate.html"><span class="kw1697">std::<span class="me2">ios_base</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">iostate</span></span></a> err <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-io-ios_base-iostate.html"><span class="kw1698">std::<span class="me2">ios_base</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">goodbit</span></span></a><span class="sy4">;</span><br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> TimeGet<span class="sy3">&</span> tg <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-locale-use_facet.html"><span class="kw1896">std::<span class="me2">use_facet</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>TimeGet<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>in.<span class="me1">getloc</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span><br />
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tg.<span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span>Iter<span class="br0">(</span>in.<span class="me1">rdbuf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span>, Iter<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, in, err, tmb, fmt, fmt <span class="sy2">+</span> traits<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">length</span><span class="br0">(</span>fmt<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span><br />
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>err <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-io-ios_base-iostate.html"><span class="kw1698">std::<span class="me2">ios_base</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">goodbit</span></span></a><span class="br0">)</span><br />
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in.<span class="me1">setstate</span><span class="br0">(</span>err<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span></p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E6.84.8F">注意</span></h3>
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<p>如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-locale-time_get-get.html">std::time_get::do_get</a></span> 中所指定，此函数是否清零出现于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">fmt</span></span> 中的格式指定符所不直接选择的 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">*</span>tmb</span></span> 中的域，是未指定的：可移植程序应该在调用 <code>std::get_time</code> 前初始化 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">*</span>tmb</span></span> 的每个域。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <sstream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <locale></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iomanip></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-chrono-c-tm.html"><span class="kw1023">std::<span class="me2">tm</span></span></a> t <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-basic_istringstream.html"><span class="kw1735">std::<span class="me2">istringstream</span></span></a> ss<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"2011-Februar-18 23:12:34"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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ss.<span class="me1">imbue</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-locale-locale.html"><span class="kw1893">std::<span class="me2">locale</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"de_DE.utf-8"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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ss <span class="sy1">>></span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">get_time</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&</span>t, <span class="st0">"%Y-%b-%d %H:%M:%S"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>ss.<span class="me1">fail</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Parse failed<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span> <span class="kw1">else</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-io-manip-put_time.html"><span class="kw1800">std::<span class="me2">put_time</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&</span>t, <span class="st0">"%c"</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>可能的输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">Sun Feb 18 23:12:34 2011</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-time_get.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>time_get</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>从输入字符序列中解析时间/日期值到 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-chrono-c-tm.html"><span class="kw1023">std::<span class="me2">tm</span></span></a></span></span> 中<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-put_time.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>put_time</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>按照指定格式格式化并输出日期/时间值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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