308 lines
15 KiB
HTML
308 lines
15 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>输入/输出操纵符</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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</head>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_io_manip skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">输入/输出操纵符</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-io.html">io</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<p>操纵符是令代码能以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1"><<</span></span></span> 或 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1">>></span></span></span> 控制输入/输出流的帮助函数。</p>
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<p>不以参数调用的操纵符（例如 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-io-manip-boolalpha.html"><span class="kw1764">std::<span class="me2">boolalpha</span></span></a><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span> 或 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-io-cin.html"><span class="kw1756">std::<span class="me2">cin</span></span></a> <span class="sy1">>></span> <a href="cpp-io-manip-hex.html"><span class="kw1782">std::<span class="me2">hex</span></span></a><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span> ）实现为接受到流的引用为其唯一参数的函数。 <a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream-operator_ltlt.html"><tt>basic_ostream::operator<<</tt></a> 和 <a href="cpp-io-basic_istream-operator_gtgt.html"><tt>basic_istream::operator>></tt></a> 的特别重载版本接受指向这些函数的指针。<span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx20"><span>这些函数（或函数模板的实例化）是标准库中仅有的<a href="cpp-language-extending_std.html#.E5.8F.AF.E5.8F.96.E5.9D.80.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">可取址函数</a>。</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></span></span></p>
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<p>以参数调用的操纵符（例如 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-io-manip-setw.html"><span class="kw1797">std::<span class="me2">setw</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">10</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span> ）实现为返回未指定类型对象的函数。这些操纵符定义其自身的进行请求操作的 <code>operator<<</code> 或 <code>operator>></code> 。</p>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-ios.html"><ios></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-boolalpha.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>boolalpha</span><span>noboolalpha</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>在布尔值的文本和数值表示间切换<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-showbase.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>showbase</span><span>noshowbase</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>控制是否使用前缀指示数值基数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-showpoint.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>showpoint</span><span>noshowpoint</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>控制浮点表示是否始终包含小数点<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-showpos.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>showpos</span><span>noshowpos</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>控制是否将 <code>+</code> 号与非负数一同使用<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-skipws.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>skipws</span><span>noskipws</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>控制是否跳过输入上的前导空白符<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-uppercase.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>uppercase</span><span>nouppercase</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>控制一些输出操作是否使用大写字母<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-unitbuf.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>unitbuf</span><span>nounitbuf</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>控制是否每次操作后冲洗输出<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-left.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>internal</span><span>left</span><span>right</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>设置填充字符的布置<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-hex.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>dec</span><span>hex</span><span>oct</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>更改用于整数 I/O 的基数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-fixed.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>fixed</span><span>scientific</span><span>hexfloat</span><span>defaultfloat</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>更改用于浮点 I/O 的格式化<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
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<td colspan="2"> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-istream.html"><istream></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-ws.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ws</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>消耗空白符<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
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<td colspan="2"> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-ostream.html"><ostream></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-ends.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ends</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>输出 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="st0">'<span class="es5">\0</span>'</span></span></span><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-flush.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>flush</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>冲洗输出流<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-endl.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>endl</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>输出 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span></span></span> 并冲洗输出流<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-emit_on_flush.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>emit_on_flush</span><span>noemit_on_flush</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>控制流的 <a href="cpp-io-basic_syncbuf.html"><tt>basic_syncbuf</tt></a> 是否在冲入时发射<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-flush_emit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>flush_emit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>冲入流，而若它使用 <a href="cpp-io-basic_syncbuf.html"><tt>basic_syncbuf</tt></a> 则发射其内容<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
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<td colspan="2"> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-iomanip.html"><iomanip></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-resetiosflags.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>resetiosflags</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>清除指定的 ios_base 标志<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-setiosflags.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>setiosflags</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>设置指定的 ios_base 标志<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-setbase.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>setbase</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>更改用于整数 I/O 的基数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-setfill.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>setfill</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>更改填充字符<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-setprecision.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>setprecision</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>更改浮点精度<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-setw.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>setw</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>更改下个输入/输出域的宽度<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-get_money.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>get_money</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>剖析货币值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-put_money.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>put_money</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>格式化并输出货币值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-get_time.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>get_time</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>剖析指定格式的日期/时间值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-put_time.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>put_time</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>按照指定格式格式化并输出日期/时间值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-manip-quoted.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>quoted</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>插入和读取带有内嵌空格的被引号括起来的字符串<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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