237 lines
17 KiB
HTML
237 lines
17 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>std::locale::locale</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_locale_locale_locale skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::locale::</span>locale</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-locale.html">locale</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-locale-locale.html">locale</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-locale.html"><locale></a></code></div>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(1)</td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-until-cxx11">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">locale<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">throw</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">locale<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<tbody></tbody>
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<td rowspan="142">(2)</td>
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<td></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">locale<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> locale<span class="sy3">&</span> other <span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">throw</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">locale<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> locale<span class="sy3">&</span> other <span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">explicit</span> locale<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> std_name <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(3)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">explicit</span> locale<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> std_name <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(4)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">locale<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> locale<span class="sy3">&</span> other, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> std_name, category cat <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(5)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">locale<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> locale<span class="sy3">&</span> other, <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> std_name, category cat <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(6)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> Facet <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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locale<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> locale<span class="sy3">&</span> other, Facet<span class="sy2">*</span> f <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(7)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">locale<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> locale<span class="sy3">&</span> other, <span class="kw4">const</span> locale<span class="sy3">&</span> one, category cat <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(8)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<p>构造新的 locale 对象。</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 默认构造函数。构造全局 C++ 本地环境的副本，它是最近用作 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">locale</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">global</span></span></span> 的参数的 locale ，或若未曾调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">locale</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">global</span></span></span> 则为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">locale</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">classic</span></span></span> 的副本。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 复制构造函数。构造 <code>other</code> 的副本。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3-4)</span> 构造拥有特定 <code>std_name</code> 的系统本地环境（如 "C" 或 "POSIX" 或 "en_US.UTF-8" 或 "English_US.1251" ）的副本，若操作系统支持这种本地环境。以此方式构造的 locale 拥有名称。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">5-6)</span> 构造 <code>other</code> 的副本，除了 <code>cat</code> 参数所鉴别的所有平面，这些平面从其 <code>std_name</code> 所标识的系统本地环境复制。以此方式构造的 locale 拥有名称，当且仅当 <code>other</code> 拥有名称。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">7)</span> 构造 <code>other</code> 的副本，除了 <code>Facet</code> 类型平面（典型地从实参类型推导），该平面从参数 <code>facet</code> 安装。若 <code>facet</code> 为空指针，则构造的 locale 为 <code>other</code> 的完整副本。以此方式构造的 locale 无名称。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">8)</span> 构造 <code>other</code> 的副本，除了 <code>cat</code> 参数所鉴别的所有平面，这些平面从 <code>one</code> 复制。若 <code>other</code> 与 <code>one</code> 都拥有名称，则产生的 locale 拥有名称。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>other</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要复制的另一 locale</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>std_name</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要使用的系统本地环境名称</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>f</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>指向要与 <code>other</code> 合并的平面的指针</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>cat</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>用于鉴别要与 <code>other</code> 合并的平面的 locale::category</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>one</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>接收平面来源的另一 locale</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8">异常</span></h3>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3,5)</span> 若操作系统无名为 <code>std_name</code> 的本地环境，或若 <code>std_name</code> 为空指针则为 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-runtime_error.html">std::runtime_error</a></span> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4,6)</span> 若操作系统无名为 <code>std_name</code> 的本地环境则为 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-runtime_error.html">std::runtime_error</a></span> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">7,8)</span> 可能抛出实现定义的异常。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">注解</span></h3>
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<p>典型地以直接获得自 new 表达式的参数 <code>f</code> 为第二参数调用重载 7 ： locale 负责从其自身的析构函数调用匹配的 <code>delete</code> 。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <codecvt></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <locale></span>
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<a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream.html"><span class="kw1729">std::<span class="me2">ostream</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream.html"><span class="kw1729">std::<span class="me2">ostream</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> os, <a href="cpp-locale-locale.html"><span class="kw1894">std::<span class="me2">locale</span></span></a> <span class="kw4">const</span><span class="sy3">&</span> loc<span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>loc.<span class="me1">name</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">length</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><=</span> <span class="nu0">80</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="kw1">return</span> os <span class="sy1"><<</span> loc.<span class="me1">name</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">auto</span> c <span class="sy4">:</span> loc.<span class="me1">name</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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c <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="st0">';'</span> <span class="sy4">?</span> os <span class="sy1"><<</span> c <span class="sy4">:</span> os <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\n</span> "</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> os <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-locale-locale.html"><span class="kw1894">std::<span class="me2">locale</span></span></a> l1<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// l1 为经典 "C" 本地环境副本</span>
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<a href="cpp-locale-locale.html"><span class="kw1894">std::<span class="me2">locale</span></span></a> l2<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"en_US.UTF-8"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// l2 为 Unicode 本地环境</span>
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<a href="cpp-locale-locale.html"><span class="kw1894">std::<span class="me2">locale</span></span></a> l3<span class="br0">(</span>l1, l2, std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">locale</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ctype</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// l3 为 "C" ，除了 ctype 为 Unicode</span>
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<a href="cpp-locale-locale.html"><span class="kw1894">std::<span class="me2">locale</span></span></a> l4<span class="br0">(</span>l1, new <a href="cpp-locale-codecvt_utf8.html"><span class="kw1983">std::<span class="me2">codecvt_utf8</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// l4 为 "C" ，除了 codecvt</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Locale names:<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"l1: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> l1 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"l2: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> l2
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"l3: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> l3 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"l4: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> l4<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>可能的输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">Locale names:
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l1: C
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l2: en_US.UTF-8
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l3: LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
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LC_NUMERIC=C
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LC_TIME=C
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LC_COLLATE=C
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LC_MONETARY=C
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LC_MESSAGES=C
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LC_PAPER=C
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LC_NAME=C
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LC_ADDRESS=C
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LC_TELEPHONE=C
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LC_MEASUREMENT=C
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LC_IDENTIFICATION=C
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l4: *</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-locale-~locale.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(析构函数)</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>析构 locale 和其引用计数变为零的平面<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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