362 lines
26 KiB
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362 lines
26 KiB
HTML
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<title>C++ 具名要求：随机数分布 (RandomNumberDistribution)</title>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">C++ 具名要求：</span><span style="font-style:italic">随机数分布</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(RandomNumberDistribution)</span></h1>
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-named_req.html">named req</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<p><strong class="selflink"><span style="font-style:italic">随机数分布</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(RandomNumberDistribution)</span></strong> 是返回服从<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_density_function" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Probability density function">概率密度函数</a> <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">p(x)</span> 或<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_probability_distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Discrete probability distribution">离散概率分布</a> <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">P(x<span class="t-su t-su-b"><br />
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i</span>)</span> 的随机数的函数对象。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.A6.81.E6.B1.82">要求</span></h3>
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<p>类型 <code>D</code> 满足随机数分布 (<span style="font-style:italic">随机数分布</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(RandomNumberDistribution)</span> ) ，若</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>D</code> 满足<a href="cpp-named_req-CopyConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyConstructible)</span></a></li>
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<li><code>D</code> 满足<a href="cpp-named_req-CopyAssignable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制赋值</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyAssignable)</span></a></li>
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</ul>
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<p>给定</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>T</code> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">D<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">result_type</span></span></span> 所指名的类型</li>
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<li><code>P</code> ， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">D<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">param_type</span></span></span> 所指名的类型，它</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>满足<a href="cpp-named_req-CopyConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyConstructible)</span></a></li>
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<li>满足<a href="cpp-named_req-CopyAssignable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制赋值</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyAssignable)</span></a></li>
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<li>满足<a href="cpp-named_req-EqualityComparable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可相等比较</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(EqualityComparable)</span></a></li>
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<li>拥有一个构造函数，接收的参数与 <code>D</code> 的接收与分布参数相对应的参数的构造函数等同。</li>
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<li>拥有成员函数，其名称、类型、语义与 <code>D</code> 的每个返回分布参数的成员函数等同。</li>
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<li>声明成员 typedef <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">using</span> distribution_type <span class="sy1">=</span> D<span class="sy4">;</span></span></span></li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<ul>
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<li><code>d</code> ， <code>D</code> 类型的值</li>
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<li><code>x</code> 与 <code>y</code> ， <code>D</code> 类型的（可能 const 的）值。</li>
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<li><code>p</code> ， <code>P</code> 类型的（可能 const 的）值</li>
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<li><code>g</code> 、 <code>g1</code> 、 <code>g2</code> ，满足<a href="cpp-named_req-UniformRandomBitGenerator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">均匀随机位生成器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(UniformRandomBitGenerator)</span></a> 的类型左值</li>
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<li><code>os</code> ， <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream.html">std::basic_ostream</a></span> 特化的左值</li>
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<li><code>is</code> ， <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-basic_istream.html">std::basic_istream</a></span> 特化的左值</li>
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</ul>
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<p>下列表达式必须合法且拥有其指定的效应</p>
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<table class="wikitable">
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<tr>
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<th>表达式</th>
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<th>类型</th>
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<th>注意</th>
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<th>复杂度</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>D::result_type</code></td>
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<td><code>T</code></td>
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<td><a href="cpp-language-type.html">算术类型</a></td>
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<td>编译时</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>D::param_type</code></td>
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<td><code>P</code></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>编译时</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>D()</code></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>创建与其他默认构造的 <code>D</code> 不可区别的分布</td>
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<td>常数</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>D(p)</code></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>创建与从用以构造 <code>p</code> 的值直接构造的 <code>D</code> 不可区别的分布</td>
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<td>同 <code>p</code> 的构造</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>d.reset()</code></td>
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<td><code>void</code></td>
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<td>重置分布的初始状态。 <code>d</code> 上的下次到 <code>operator()</code> 的调用将不依赖任何引擎的先于 <code>reset()</code> 的产生的值。</td>
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<td>常数</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>x.param()</code></td>
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<td><code>P</code></td>
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<td>返回 <code>p</code> ，满足 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">D<span class="br0">(</span>p<span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">param</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> p</span></span></td>
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<td>不劣于 <code>D(p)</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>d.param(p)</code></td>
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<td><code>void</code></td>
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<td>后置条件： <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">d.<span class="me1">param</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> p</span></span></td>
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<td>不劣于 <code>D(p)</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>d(g)</code></td>
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<td><code>T</code></td>
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<td>以同一 <code>g</code> 调用之的相继调用，所返回的数列随机分布，服从 <code>d.param()</code> 所参数化的分布</td>
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<td>均摊常数次 <code>g</code> 的调用</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>d(g,p)</code></td>
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<td><code>T</code></td>
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<td>以同一 <code>g</code> 调用之的相继调用，所返回的数列随机分布，服从 <code>p</code> 所参数化的分布</td>
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<td>均摊常数次 <code>g</code> 的调用</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>x.min()</code></td>
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<td><code>T</code></td>
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<td><code>x</code> 的 <code>operator()</code> 潜在返回值上的最大下界，由 <code>x</code> 的参数的当前值确定</td>
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<td>常数</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>x.max()</code></td>
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<td><code>T</code></td>
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<td><code>x</code> 的 <code>operator()</code> 潜在返回值上的最小上界，由 <code>x</code> 的参数的当前值确定</td>
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<td>常数</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>x == y</code></td>
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<td><code>bool</code></td>
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<td>建立等价关系。若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">x.<span class="me1">param</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> y.<span class="me1">param</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，且只要 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">g1 <span class="sy1">==</span> g2</span></span> ，将来重复调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">x<span class="br0">(</span>g1<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 与 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">y<span class="br0">(</span>g2<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 所生成的无限数列就相等，则返回 <code>true</code> 。</td>
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<td>常数</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>x != y</code></td>
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<td><code>bool</code></td>
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<td><code>!(x == y)</code></td>
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<td>常数</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>os << x</code></td>
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<td>到 <code>os</code> 类型的引用</td>
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<td>写分布参数和内部状态的文本表示到 <code>os</code> 。不更改 <code>os</code> 的格式化标志和填充字符。</td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>is >> d</code></td>
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<td>到 <code>is</code> 类型的引用</td>
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<td>从读取自 <code>is</code> 的数据还原分布参数和内部状态。不更改 <code>is</code> 的格式化标志。数据必须用带相同本地环境、 <code>CharT</code> 和 <code>Traits</code> 流模板形参的流写入，否则行为未定义。若遇到坏的输入，则调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">is.<span class="me1">setstate</span><span class="br0">(</span>std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ios</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">failbit</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，它可以抛出 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-failure.html">std::ios_base::failure</a></span> 。该情况下不更改 <code>d</code> 。</td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E6.84.8F">注意</span></h3>
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<p>分布对象的参数可用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">d.<span class="me1">param</span><span class="br0">(</span>p<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 永久更改，或用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">d<span class="br0">(</span>g,p<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 只在单次 operator() 调用期间更改。</p>
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<p>调用分布的 const 成员函数和 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">os <span class="sy1"><<</span> d</span></span> 不影响重复 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">d<span class="br0">(</span>g<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 所产生的数列。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.A0.87.E5.87.86.E5.BA.93">标准库</span></h3>
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<p>下列标准库组件满足<strong class="selflink"><span style="font-style:italic">随机数分布</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(RandomNumberDistribution)</span></strong></p>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-uniform_int_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>uniform_int_distribution</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>产生在一个范围上均匀分布的整数值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-uniform_real_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>uniform_real_distribution</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>产生在一个范围上均匀分布的实数值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-bernoulli_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>bernoulli_distribution</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>产生<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli_distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Bernoulli distribution">伯努利分布</a>上的 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">bool</span></span></span> 值。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-binomial_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>binomial_distribution</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>产生<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Binomial distribution">二项分布</a>上的整数值。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-negative_binomial_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>negative_binomial_distribution</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>产生<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_binomial_distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Negative binomial distribution">负二项分布</a>上的整数值。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-geometric_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>geometric_distribution</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>产生<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Geometric distribution">几何分布</a>上的整数值。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-poisson_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>poisson_distribution</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>产生<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Poisson distribution">泊松分布</a>上的整数值。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-exponential_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>exponential_distribution</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>产生<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Exponential distribution">指数分布</a>上的实数值。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-gamma_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>gamma_distribution</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>产生 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Gamma distribution">Γ 分布</a>上的实数值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-weibull_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>weibull_distribution</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>产生<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weibull_distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Weibull distribution">威布尔分布</a>上的实数值。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
|
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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|
<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-extreme_value_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>extreme_value_distribution</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>产生<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_extreme_value_distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Generalized extreme value distribution">极值分布</a>上的实数值。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-normal_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>normal_distribution</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>产生<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Normal distribution">标准正态（高斯）分布</a>上的实数值。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-lognormal_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>lognormal_distribution</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
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|
<td>产生<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lognormal_distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Lognormal distribution">对数正态分布</a>上的实数值。<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-chi_squared_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>chi_squared_distribution</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>产生 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-squared_distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Chi-squared distribution">χ<sup>2</sup> 分布上</a>上的实数值。<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-cauchy_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>cauchy_distribution</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>产生<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Cauchy distribution">柯西分布</a>上的实数值。<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-fisher_f_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>fisher_f_distribution</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>产生<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:F-distribution">费舍尔 F 分布</a>上的实数值。<br />
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|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-student_t_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>student_t_distribution</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>产生<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student%27s_t-distribution" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Student's t-distribution">学生 t 分布</a>上的实数值。<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-discrete_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>discrete_distribution</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>产生离散分布上的随机整数。<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-piecewise_constant_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>piecewise_constant_distribution</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>产生分布在常子区间上的实数值。<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-piecewise_linear_distribution.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>piecewise_linear_distribution</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>产生分布在定义的子区间上的实数值。<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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