480 lines
25 KiB
HTML
480 lines
25 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<title>std::valarray</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_numeric_valarray skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>valarray</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-numeric.html">numeric</a></span></div>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-valarray.html"><valarray></a></code></div>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw1">class</span> valarray<span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<p><span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">std::valarray</strong></span> 是表示并操作值数组的类。它支持对元素逐个进行数学运算，并且支持多种形式的广义下标运算符、切片及间接访问。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E6.84.8F">注意</span></h3>
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<p><span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">std::valarray</strong></span> 及帮助类定义为免除某些形式的别名使用，从而允许这些类上的操作被优化得类似 C 程序语言中关键词 <a href="c-language-restrict.html">restrict</a> 的效果。而且，接收 <code>valarray</code> 参数的函数和运算符允许返回代理对象，以使得编译器将诸如 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">v1 <span class="sy1">=</span> a<span class="sy2">*</span>v2 <span class="sy2">+</span> v3<span class="sy4">;</span></span></span> 的表达式优化成执行 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">v1<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> a<span class="sy2">*</span>v2<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> v3<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span> 的单个循环，避免任何临时量或多趟运算。然而，<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expression_templates" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Expression templates">表达式模板</a>使得同样的优化技巧对任何 C++ 容器可用，而数值库的主流因灵活性偏好表达式模板甚于 valarray 。某些 C++ 标准库实现使用表达式模板以实现 <code>std::valarray</code> 上的高效运算（例如 GNU libstdc++ 与 LLVM libc++ ）。只有少数库进一步优化 valarray ，例如 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/node/684140">Intel Integrated Performance Primitives</a> 。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.A8.A1.E6.9D.BF.E5.BD.A2.E5.8F.82">模板形参</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>T</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>元素的类型。类型必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-NumericType.html"><span style="font-style:italic">数值类型</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(NumericType)</span></a> 要求</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B">成员类型</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
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<td>成员类型</td>
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<td>定义</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>value_type</code></td>
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<td><code>T</code></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">成员函数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-valarray.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(构造函数)</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>构造新的数值数组<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-~valarray.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(析构函数)</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>析构数值数组<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-operator=.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator=</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>为内容赋值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-operator_at.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>获取/设置 valarray 数组元素、切片或掩码<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-operator_arith.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator+</span><span>operator-</span><span>operator~</span><span>operator!</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>对 valarray 的每个元素运用一元算术运算符<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-operator_arith2.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator+=</span><span>operator-=</span><span>operator*=</span><span>operator/=</span><span>operator%=</span><span>operator&=</span><span>operator|=</span><span>operator^=</span><span>operator<<=</span><span>operator>>=</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>对 valarray 的每个元素应用复合赋值运算符<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-swap.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>swap</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>与另一 valarray 交换<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-size.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>size</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回valarray的大小<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-resize.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>resize</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>更改 valarray 的大小<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-sum.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>sum</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>计算所有元素的和<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-min.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>min</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回最小元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-max.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>max</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回最大的元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-shift.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>shift</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>以填入零的方式移动 valarray 的元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-cshift.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>cshift</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>循环移动 valarray 的元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-apply.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>apply</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>对 valarray 的每个元素应用函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E9.9D.9E.E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">非成员函数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-swap2.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>std::swap<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>特化 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-algorithm-swap.html">std::swap()</a></span> 算法<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-begin2.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>std::begin<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>特化的 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-iterator-begin.html">std::begin</a></span><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-end2.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>std::end<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>特化的 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-iterator-end.html">std::end</a></span><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-operator_arith3.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator+</span><span>operator-</span><span>operator*</span><span>operator/</span><span>operator%</span><span>operator&</span><span>operator|</span><span>operator^</span><span>operator<<</span><span>operator>></span><span>operator&&</span><span>operator||</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>对两个 valarray 的每个元素，或一个 valarray 的每个元素和一个值运用二元运算符<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-operator_cmp.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator==</span><span>operator!=</span><span>operator<</span><span>operator<=</span><span>operator></span><span>operator>=</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>比较两个 valarrays，或比较一个 valarray 和一个值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-abs.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>abs<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>应用函数 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">abs</span></span></span> 到 valarray 的每个元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.8C.87.E6.95.B0.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">指数函数</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-exp.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>exp<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>应用函数 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-exp.html">std::exp</a></span> 到 valarray 的每个元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-log.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>log<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>应用函数 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-log.html">std::log</a></span> 到 valarray 的每个元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-log10.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>log10<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>应用函数 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-log10.html">std::log10</a></span> 到 valarray 的每个元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.B9.82.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">幂函数</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-pow.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>pow<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>应用函数 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-pow.html">std::pow</a></span> 到二个 valarray 或一个 valarray 与一个值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-sqrt.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>sqrt<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>应用函数 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-sqrt.html">std::sqrt</a></span> 到 valarray 的每个元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E4.B8.89.E8.A7.92.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">三角函数</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-sin.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>sin<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>对 valarray 的每个元素应用<span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-sin.html">std::sin</a></span>函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-cos.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>cos<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>应用函数 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-cos.html">std::cos</a></span> 到 valarray 的每个元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-tan.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>tan<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>应用函数 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-tan.html">std::tan</a></span> 到 valarray 的每个元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-asin.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>asin<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>应用函数 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-asin.html">std::asin</a></span> 到 valarray 的每个元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-acos.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>acos<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>应用函数 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-acos.html">std::acos</a></span> 到 valarray 的每个元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-atan.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atan<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>应用函数 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-atan.html">std::atan</a></span> 到 valarray 的每个元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-atan2.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atan2<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>应用函数 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-atan2.html">std::atan2</a></span> 到一个 valarray 和一个值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.8C.E6.9B.B2.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">双曲函数</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-sinh.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>sinh<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>在 valarray 的每个元素上调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-sinh.html">std::sinh</a></span> 函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-cosh.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>cosh<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>在 valarray 的每个元素上调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-cosh.html">std::cosh</a></span> 函数<br />
|
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
|
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<tr class="t-dsc">
|
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-tanh.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>tanh<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
|
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<td>在 valarray 的每个元素上调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-tanh.html">std::tanh</a></span> 函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BE.85.E5.8A.A9.E7.B1.BB">辅助类</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-slice.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>slice</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
|
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</td>
|
|
<td>valarray 的 BLAS 式切片：起始下标、长度、跨度<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
|
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</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
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<td>
|
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-slice_array.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>slice_array</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>到 valarray 应用 slice 后的子集的代理<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
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</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
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<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-gslice.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>gslice</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>valarray 的通用切片：起始下标、长度集、步幅集<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-gslice_array.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>gslice_array</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>valarray 应用 gslice 后的子集的代理<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-mask_array.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>mask_array</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>到应用布尔掩码 <code>operator[]</code> 后的 valarray 子集的代理<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-indirect_array.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>indirect_array</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
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<td>到应用间接 <code>operator[]</code> 后的 valarray 子集的代理。<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
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</tr>
|
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</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.8E.A8.E5.AF.BC.E6.8C.87.E5.BC.95.28C.2B.2B17_.E8.B5.B7.29"><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-deduction_guides.html">推导指引</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></span></h3>
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</div>
|
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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