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<section id="module-aifc">
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<span id="aifc-read-and-write-aiff-and-aifc-files"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-aifc" title="aifc: Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aifc</span></code></a> --- 读写 AIFF 和 AIFC 文件<a class="headerlink" href="#module-aifc" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p><strong>源代码：</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.8/Lib/aifc.py">Lib/aifc.py</a></p>
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<p>本模块为读写 AIFF 和 AIFF-C 文件提供支持。AIFF 是音频交换文件格式 (Audio Interchange File Format)，一种用于在文件中存储数字音频采样的格式。AIFF-C 是该格式的新版本，包含了压缩音频数据的功能。</p>
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<p>音频文件内有许多参数，用于描述音频数据。采样率或帧率是每秒对声音采样的次数。通道数表示音频是单声道，双声道还是四声道。每个通道的每个帧包含一次采样。采样大小是以字节表示的每次采样的大小。因此，一帧由 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nchannels</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">samplesize</span></code> （通道数*采样大小）字节组成，而一秒钟的音频包含 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nchannels</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">samplesize</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">framerate</span></code> （通道数*采样大小*帧率）字节。</p>
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<p>例如，CD 质量的音频采样大小为 2 字节（16位），使用 2 个声道（立体声），且帧速率为 44,100 帧/秒。这表示帧大小为 4 字节 (2*2)，一秒钟占用 2*2*44100 字节（176,400 字节）。</p>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-aifc" title="aifc: Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aifc</span></code></a> 模块定义了以下函数：</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="aifc.open">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">open</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">file</em>, <em class="sig-param">mode=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.open" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>打开一个 AIFF 或 AIFF-C 文件并返回一个对象实例，该实例具有下方描述的方法。参数 <em>file</em> 是文件名称字符串或 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">文件对象</span></a>。当打开文件用于读取时，<em>mode</em> 必须为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code> 或 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'rb'</span></code>，当打开文件用于写入时，<em>mode</em> 必须为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code> 或 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'wb'</span></code>。如果该参数省略，则使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">file.mode</span></code> 的值（如果有），否则使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'rb'</span></code>。当文件用于写入时，文件对象应该支持 seek 操作，除非提前获知写入的采样总数，并使用 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeframesraw()</span></code> 和 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setnframes()</span></code>。<a class="reference internal" href="#aifc.open" title="aifc.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> 函数可以在 <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> 语句中使用。当 <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code> 块执行完毕，将调用 <a class="reference internal" href="#aifc.aifc.close" title="aifc.aifc.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> 方法。</p>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.4 版更改: </span>添加了对 <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> 语句的支持。</p>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<p>当打开文件用于读取时，由 <a class="reference internal" href="#aifc.open" title="aifc.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> 返回的对象具有以下几种方法：</p>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="aifc.aifc.getnchannels">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getnchannels</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.getnchannels" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回音频的通道数（单声道为 1，立体声为 2）。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="aifc.aifc.getsampwidth">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getsampwidth</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.getsampwidth" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回以字节表示的单个采样的大小。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="aifc.aifc.getframerate">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getframerate</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.getframerate" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回采样率（每秒的音频帧数）。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="aifc.aifc.getnframes">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getnframes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.getnframes" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回文件中的音频帧总数。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="aifc.aifc.getcomptype">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getcomptype</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.getcomptype" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回一个长度为 4 的字节数组，描述了音频文件中使用的压缩类型。对于 AIFF 文件，返回值为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b'NONE'</span></code>。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="aifc.aifc.getcompname">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getcompname</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.getcompname" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回一个字节数组，可转换为人类可读的描述，描述的是音频文件中使用的压缩类型。对于 AIFF 文件，返回值为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b'not</span> <span class="pre">compressed'</span></code>。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="aifc.aifc.getparams">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getparams</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.getparams" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回一个 <a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#collections.namedtuple" title="collections.namedtuple"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">namedtuple()</span></code></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(nchannels,</span> <span class="pre">sampwidth,</span> <span class="pre">framerate,</span> <span class="pre">nframes,</span> <span class="pre">comptype,</span> <span class="pre">compname)</span></code>，与 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get*()</span></code> 方法的输出相同。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="aifc.aifc.getmarkers">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getmarkers</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.getmarkers" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回一个列表，包含音频文件中的所有标记。标记由一个 3 元素的元组组成。第一个元素是标记 ID（整数），第二个是标记位置，从数据开头算起的帧数（整数），第三个是标记的名称（字符串）。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="aifc.aifc.getmark">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getmark</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">id</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.getmark" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>根据传入的标记 <em>id</em> 返回元组，元组与 <a class="reference internal" href="#aifc.aifc.getmarkers" title="aifc.aifc.getmarkers"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getmarkers()</span></code></a> 中描述的一致。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="aifc.aifc.readframes">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">readframes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">nframes</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.readframes" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>从音频文件读取并返回后续 <em>nframes</em> 个帧。返回的数据是一个字符串，包含每个帧所有通道的未压缩采样值。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="aifc.aifc.rewind">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">rewind</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.rewind" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>倒回读取指针。下一次 <a class="reference internal" href="#aifc.aifc.readframes" title="aifc.aifc.readframes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readframes()</span></code></a> 将从头开始。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="aifc.aifc.setpos">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setpos</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">pos</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.setpos" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>移动读取指针到指定的帧上。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="aifc.aifc.tell">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">tell</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.tell" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回当前的帧号。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="aifc.aifc.close">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.close" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>关闭 AIFF 文件。调用此方法后，对象将无法再使用。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>打开文件用于写入时，<a class="reference internal" href="#aifc.open" title="aifc.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> 返回的对象具有上述所有方法，但 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readframes()</span></code> 和 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setpos()</span></code> 除外，并额外具备了以下方法。只有调用了 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set*()</span></code> 方法之后，才能调用相应的 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get*()</span></code> 方法。在首次调用 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeframes()</span></code> 或 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeframesraw()</span></code> 之前，必须填写除帧数以外的所有参数。</p>
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="aifc.aifc.aiff">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">aiff</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.aiff" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>创建一个 AIFF 文件，默认创建 AIFF-C 文件，除非文件名以 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'.aiff'</span></code> 为后缀，在此情况下默认创建 AIFF 文件。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="aifc.aifc.aifc">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">aifc</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.aifc" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>创建一个 AIFF-C 文件。 默认创建 AIFF-C 文件，除非文件名以 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'.aiff'</span></code> 为后缀，在此情况下默认创建 AIFF 文件。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="aifc.aifc.setnchannels">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setnchannels</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">nchannels</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.setnchannels" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>指明音频文件中的通道数。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="aifc.aifc.setsampwidth">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setsampwidth</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">width</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.setsampwidth" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>指明以字节为单位的音频采样大小。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="aifc.aifc.setframerate">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setframerate</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">rate</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.setframerate" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>指明以每秒帧数表示的采样频率。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="aifc.aifc.setnframes">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setnframes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">nframes</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.setnframes" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>指明要写入到音频文件的帧数。 如果未设定此形参或者未正确设定，则文件需要支持位置查找。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="aifc.aifc.setcomptype">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setcomptype</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">type</em>, <em class="sig-param">name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.setcomptype" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p id="index-1">指明压缩类型。 如果未指明，则音频数据将不会被压缩。 在 AIFF 文件中，压缩是无法实现的。 name 形参应当为以字节数组表示的人类可读的压缩类型描述，type 形参应当为长度为 4 的字节数组。 目前支持的压缩类型如下: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b'NONE'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b'ULAW'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b'ALAW'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b'G722'</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="aifc.aifc.setparams">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setparams</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">nchannels</em>, <em class="sig-param">sampwidth</em>, <em class="sig-param">framerate</em>, <em class="sig-param">comptype</em>, <em class="sig-param">compname</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.setparams" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>一次性设置上述所有参数。 该参数是由多个形参组成的元组。 这意味着可以使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#aifc.aifc.getparams" title="aifc.aifc.getparams"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getparams()</span></code></a> 调用的结果作为 <a class="reference internal" href="#aifc.aifc.setparams" title="aifc.aifc.setparams"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setparams()</span></code></a> 的参数。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="aifc.aifc.setmark">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setmark</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">id</em>, <em class="sig-param">pos</em>, <em class="sig-param">name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.setmark" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>添加具有给定 id (大于 0)，以及在给定位置上给定名称的标记。 此方法可在 <a class="reference internal" href="#aifc.aifc.close" title="aifc.aifc.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> 之前的任何时候被调用。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">tell</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回输出文件中的当前写入位置。 适用于与 <a class="reference internal" href="#aifc.aifc.setmark" title="aifc.aifc.setmark"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setmark()</span></code></a> 进行协同配合。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="aifc.aifc.writeframes">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">writeframes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.writeframes" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将数据写入到输出文件。 此方法只能在设置了音频文件形参之后被调用。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.4 版更改: </span>现在可接受任意 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a>。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="aifc.aifc.writeframesraw">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">writeframesraw</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#aifc.aifc.writeframesraw" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>类似于 <a class="reference internal" href="#aifc.aifc.writeframes" title="aifc.aifc.writeframes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeframes()</span></code></a>，不同之处在于音频文件的标头不会被更新。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.4 版更改: </span>现在可接受任意 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a>。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">aifc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>关闭 AIFF 文件。 文件的标头会被更新以反映音频数据的实际大小。 在调用此方法之后，对象将无法再被使用。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
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|
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</section>
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