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<section id="high-level-api-index">
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<h1>高级API索引<a class="headerlink" href="#high-level-api-index" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p>这个页面列举了所有能用于 async/wait 的高级asyncio API 集。</p>
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<section id="tasks">
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<h2>任务<a class="headerlink" href="#tasks" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
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<p>运行异步程序，创建Task对象，等待多件事运行超时的公共集。</p>
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<table class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils align-default">
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 50%" />
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<col style="width: 50%" />
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</colgroup>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.run" title="asyncio.run"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">run()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>创建事件循环，运行一个协程，关闭事件循环。</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.create_task" title="asyncio.create_task"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">create_task()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>启动一个asyncio的Task对象。</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.sleep" title="asyncio.sleep"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sleep()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>休眠几秒。</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.gather" title="asyncio.gather"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gather()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>并发执行所有事件的调度和等待。</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.wait_for" title="asyncio.wait_for"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wait_for()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>有超时控制的运行。</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.shield" title="asyncio.shield"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shield()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>屏蔽取消操作</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.wait" title="asyncio.wait"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wait()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>完成情况的监控器</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.current_task" title="asyncio.current_task"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">current_task()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>返回当前Task对象</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.all_tasks" title="asyncio.all_tasks"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">all_tasks()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>返回事件循环中所有的task对象。</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.Task" title="asyncio.Task"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Task</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>Task对象</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe" title="asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">run_coroutine_threadsafe()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>从其他OS线程中调度一个协程。</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">for</span> <span class="pre">in</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.as_completed" title="asyncio.as_completed"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">as_completed()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">for</span></code> 循环监控完成情况。</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p class="rubric">例子</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio-example-gather"><span class="std std-ref">使用 asyncio.gather() 并行运行</span></a>.</p></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio-example-waitfor"><span class="std std-ref">使用 asyncio.wait_for() 强制超时</span></a>.</p></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio-example-task-cancel"><span class="std std-ref">撤销协程</span></a>.</p></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio-example-sleep"><span class="std std-ref">asyncio.sleep() 的用法</span></a>.</p></li>
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<li><p>请主要参阅 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span class="std std-ref">协程与任务文档</span></a>.</p></li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section id="queues">
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<h2>队列集<a class="headerlink" href="#queues" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
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<p>队列集被用于多个异步Task对象的运行调度，实现连接池以及发布/订阅模式。</p>
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<table class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils align-default">
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 50%" />
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<col style="width: 50%" />
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</colgroup>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html#asyncio.Queue" title="asyncio.Queue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Queue</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>先进先出队列</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html#asyncio.PriorityQueue" title="asyncio.PriorityQueue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PriorityQueue</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>优先级队列。</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html#asyncio.LifoQueue" title="asyncio.LifoQueue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LifoQueue</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>后进先出队列。</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p class="rubric">例子</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html#asyncio-example-queue-dist"><span class="std std-ref">使用 asyncio.Queue 在多个并发任务间分配工作量</span></a>.</p></li>
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<li><p>请参阅 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html#asyncio-queues"><span class="std std-ref">队列集文档</span></a>.</p></li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section id="subprocesses">
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<h2>子进程集<a class="headerlink" href="#subprocesses" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
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<p>用于生成子进程和运行shell命令的工具包。</p>
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<table class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils align-default">
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 50%" />
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<col style="width: 50%" />
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</colgroup>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#asyncio.create_subprocess_exec" title="asyncio.create_subprocess_exec"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">create_subprocess_exec()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>创建一个子进程。</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#asyncio.create_subprocess_shell" title="asyncio.create_subprocess_shell"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">create_subprocess_shell()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>运行一个shell命令。</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p class="rubric">例子</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#asyncio-example-subprocess-shell"><span class="std std-ref">执行一个shell命令</span></a>.</p></li>
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<li><p>请参阅 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#asyncio-subprocess"><span class="std std-ref">子进程 APIs</span></a> 相关文档.</p></li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section id="streams">
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<h2>流<a class="headerlink" href="#streams" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
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<p>用于网络IO处理的高级API集。</p>
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||
<table class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils align-default">
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||
<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 50%" />
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<col style="width: 50%" />
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</colgroup>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.open_connection" title="asyncio.open_connection"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open_connection()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>建立一个TCP连接。</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.open_unix_connection" title="asyncio.open_unix_connection"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open_unix_connection()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>建立一个Unix socket连接。</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.start_server" title="asyncio.start_server"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_server()</span></code></a></p></td>
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<td><p>启动TCP服务。</p></td>
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</tr>
|
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.start_unix_server" title="asyncio.start_unix_server"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_unix_server()</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>启动一个Unix socket服务。</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.StreamReader" title="asyncio.StreamReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StreamReader</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>接收网络数据的高级async/await对象。</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.StreamWriter" title="asyncio.StreamWriter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StreamWriter</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>发送网络数据的高级async/await对象。</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p class="rubric">例子</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio-example-stream"><span class="std std-ref">TCP 客户端样例</span></a>.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>请参阅 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio-streams"><span class="std std-ref">streams APIs</span></a> 文档。</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="synchronization">
|
||
<h2>同步<a class="headerlink" href="#synchronization" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>能被用于Task对象集的，类似线程的同步基元组件。</p>
|
||
<table class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils align-default">
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
<col style="width: 50%" />
|
||
<col style="width: 50%" />
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio.Lock" title="asyncio.Lock"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Lock</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>互斥锁。</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio.Event" title="asyncio.Event"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Event</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>事件对象。</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio.Condition" title="asyncio.Condition"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Condition</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>条件对象</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio.Semaphore" title="asyncio.Semaphore"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Semaphore</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>信号量</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio.BoundedSemaphore" title="asyncio.BoundedSemaphore"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BoundedSemaphore</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>有界的信号量。</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p class="rubric">例子</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio-example-sync-event"><span class="std std-ref">asyncio.Event 的用法</span></a>.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>请参阅asyncio文档 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio-sync"><span class="std std-ref">synchronization primitives</span></a>.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="exceptions">
|
||
<h2>异常<a class="headerlink" href="#exceptions" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<table class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils align-default">
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
<col style="width: 50%" />
|
||
<col style="width: 50%" />
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-exceptions.html#asyncio.TimeoutError" title="asyncio.TimeoutError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.TimeoutError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>类似 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.wait_for" title="asyncio.wait_for"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wait_for()</span></code></a> 等函数在超时时候被引发。请注意 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.TimeoutError</span></code> 与内建异常 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TimeoutError" title="TimeoutError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TimeoutError</span></code></a> 无关。</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-exceptions.html#asyncio.CancelledError" title="asyncio.CancelledError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.CancelledError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>当一个Task对象被取消的时候被引发。请参阅 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.Task.cancel" title="asyncio.Task.cancel"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Task.cancel()</span></code></a>。</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p class="rubric">例子</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio-example-task-cancel"><span class="std std-ref">在取消请求发生的运行代码中如何处理CancelledError异常</span></a>.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>请参阅完整的 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-exceptions.html#asyncio-exceptions"><span class="std std-ref">asyncio 专用异常</span></a> 列表.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
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</section>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#exceptions">异常</a></li>
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