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<section id="module-ensurepip">
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<span id="ensurepip-bootstrapping-the-pip-installer"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-ensurepip" title="ensurepip: Bootstrapping the "pip" installer into an existing Python installation or virtual environment."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ensurepip</span></code></a> --- 引导 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> 安装器<a class="headerlink" href="#module-ensurepip" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.4 新版功能.</span></p>
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</div>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-ensurepip" title="ensurepip: Bootstrapping the "pip" installer into an existing Python installation or virtual environment."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ensurepip</span></code></a> 包为在已有的Python安装实例或虚拟环境中引导 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> 安装器提供了支持。需要使用引导才能使用pip的这一事实也正好反映了 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> 是一个独立的项目，有其自己的发布周期，其最新版本随CPython解释器的维护版本和新特性版本一同捆绑。</p>
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<p>在大多数情况下，Python的终端使用者不需要直接调用这个模块（ <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> 默认应该已被引导），不过，如果在安装Python（或创建虚拟环境）之时跳过了安装 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> 步骤，或者日后特意卸载了 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> ，则需要使用这个模块。</p>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
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<p>这个模块 <em>无需</em> 访问互联网。引导启动 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> 所需的全部组件均包含在包的内部。</p>
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</div>
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<div class="admonition seealso">
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<p class="admonition-title">参见</p>
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<dl class="simple">
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<dt><a class="reference internal" href="../installing/index.html#installing-index"><span class="std std-ref">安装 Python 模块</span></a></dt><dd><p>安装Python包的终端使用者教程</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0453"><strong>PEP 453</strong></a>: 在Python安装实例中显式引导启动pip</dt><dd><p>这个模块的原始缘由以及规范文档</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<section id="command-line-interface">
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<h2>命令行界面<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-interface" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
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<p>使用解释器的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-m</span></code> 参数调用命令行接口。</p>
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<p>最简单的调用方式为：</p>
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">ensurepip</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>This invocation will install <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> if it is not already installed,
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but otherwise does nothing. To ensure the installed version of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code>
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is at least as recent as the one bundled with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ensurepip</span></code>, pass the
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--upgrade</span></code> option:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">ensurepip</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">upgrade</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>在默认情况下，<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> 会被安装到当前虚拟环境（如果激活了虚拟环境）或系统的包目录（如果未激活虚拟环境）。 安装位置可通过两个额外的命令行选项来控制:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--root</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code>: 相对于给定的根目录而不是当前已激活虚拟环境（如果存在）的根目录或当前 Python 安装版的默认根目录来安装 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code>。</p></li>
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<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--user</span></code>: 将 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> 安装到用户包目录而不是全局安装到当前 Python 安装版（此选项不允许在已激活虚拟环境中使用）。</p></li>
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</ul>
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<p>在默认情况下，脚本 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pipX</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pipX.Y</span></code> 将被安装（其中 X.Y 表示被用来发起调用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ensurepip</span></code> 的 Python 的版本）。 所安装的脚本可通过两个额外的命令行选项来控制:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--altinstall</span></code>: 如果请求了一个替代安装版，则 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pipX</span></code> 脚本将 <em>不会</em> 被安装。</p></li>
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<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--default-pip</span></code>: 如果请求了一个 "默认的 pip" 安装版，则除了两个常规脚本之外还将安装 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> 脚本。</p></li>
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</ul>
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<p>同时提供这两个脚本选择选项将会触发异常。</p>
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</section>
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<section id="module-api">
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<h2>模块 API<a class="headerlink" href="#module-api" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-ensurepip" title="ensurepip: Bootstrapping the "pip" installer into an existing Python installation or virtual environment."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ensurepip</span></code></a> 暴露了两个函数用于编程:</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="ensurepip.version">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">ensurepip.</code><code class="sig-name descname">version</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ensurepip.version" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Returns a string specifying the bundled version of pip that will be
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installed when bootstrapping an environment.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="ensurepip.bootstrap">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">ensurepip.</code><code class="sig-name descname">bootstrap</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">root=None</em>, <em class="sig-param">upgrade=False</em>, <em class="sig-param">user=False</em>, <em class="sig-param">altinstall=False</em>, <em class="sig-param">default_pip=False</em>, <em class="sig-param">verbosity=0</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ensurepip.bootstrap" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>初始创建 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> 到当前的或指定的环境中。</p>
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<p><em>root</em> 指明要作为相对安装路径的替代根目录。 如果 <em>root</em> 为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>，则安装会使用当前环境的默认安装位置。</p>
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<p><em>upgrade</em> indicates whether or not to upgrade an existing installation
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of an earlier version of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> to the bundled version.</p>
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<p><em>user</em> 指明是否使用针对用户的安装方案而不是全局安装。</p>
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<p>在默认情况下，将会安装 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pipX</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pipX.Y</span></code> 脚本（其中 X.Y 表示 Python 的当前版本）。</p>
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<p>如果设置了 <em>altinstall</em>，则 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pipX</span></code> 将 <em>不会</em> 被安装。</p>
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<p>如果设置了 <em>default_pip</em>，则除了两个常规脚本外还将安装 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code>。</p>
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<p>同时设置 <em>altinstall</em> 和 <em>default_pip</em> 将触发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>。</p>
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<p><em>verbosity</em> 控制初始创建操作对 <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.stdout" title="sys.stdout"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdout</span></code></a> 的输出信息级别。</p>
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<p class="audit-hook">引发一个 <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#auditing"><span class="std std-ref">审计事件</span></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ensurepip.bootstrap</span></code> 并附带参数 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">root</span></code>。</p>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
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<p>创建创建过程对于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.environ</span></code> 都会有附带影响。 改为在子进程中发起调用命令行接口可以避免这些附带影响。</p>
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</div>
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||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
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||
<p>初始创建过程可能会安装 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> 所需的额外模块，但其他软件不应假定这些依赖将总是会默认存在（因为这些依赖可能会在未来的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> 版本中被移除）。</p>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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</section>
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<ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ensurepip</span></code> --- 引导 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> 安装器</a><ul>
|
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-line-interface">命令行界面</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#module-api">模块 API</a></li>
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