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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ossaudiodev</span></code> --- 访问兼容OSS的音频设备</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#audio-device-objects">音频设备对象</a></li>
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<section id="module-ossaudiodev">
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<span id="ossaudiodev-access-to-oss-compatible-audio-devices"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-ossaudiodev" title="ossaudiodev: Access to OSS-compatible audio devices. (Linux, FreeBSD)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ossaudiodev</span></code></a> --- 访问兼容OSS的音频设备<a class="headerlink" href="#module-ossaudiodev" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p>该模块允许您访问 OSS（开放式音响系统）音频接口。 OSS 可用于广泛的开源和商业 Unices，并且是 Linux 和最新版本的 FreeBSD 的标准音频接口。</p>
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.3 版更改: </span>此模块中过去会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#IOError" title="IOError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IOError</span></code></a> 的操作现在将引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>。</p>
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<p class="admonition-title">参见</p>
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<dl class="simple">
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<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://www.opensound.com/pguide/oss.pdf">开放之声系统程序员指南</a></dt><dd><p>OSS C API 的官方文档</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>该模块定义了大量由OSS设备驱动提供的常量； 请参阅 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><sys/soundcard.h></span></code> Linux 或 FreeBSD 上的列表。</p>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-ossaudiodev" title="ossaudiodev: Access to OSS-compatible audio devices. (Linux, FreeBSD)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ossaudiodev</span></code></a> 定义了下列变量和函数:</p>
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<dl class="exception">
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<dt id="ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError">
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<em class="property">exception </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">ossaudiodev.</code><code class="sig-name descname">OSSAudioError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>此异常会针对特定错误被引发。 其参数为一个描述错误信息的字符串。</p>
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<p>（如果 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-ossaudiodev" title="ossaudiodev: Access to OSS-compatible audio devices. (Linux, FreeBSD)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ossaudiodev</span></code></a> 从系统调用例如 <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> 或 <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ioctl()</span></code> 接收到错误，它将引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>。 由 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-ossaudiodev" title="ossaudiodev: Access to OSS-compatible audio devices. (Linux, FreeBSD)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ossaudiodev</span></code></a> 直接检测到的错误将引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError" title="ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSSAudioError</span></code></a>。）</p>
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<p>（为了向下兼容，此异常类也可通过 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ossaudiodev.error</span></code> 访问。）</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="ossaudiodev.open">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">ossaudiodev.</code><code class="sig-name descname">open</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">mode</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.open" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dt>
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">ossaudiodev.</code><code class="sig-name descname">open</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">device</em>, <em class="sig-param">mode</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
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<dd><p>打开一个音频设备并返回 OSS 音频设备对象。 此对象支持许多文件类方法，例如 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read()</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> 和 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fileno()</span></code> (不过传统的 Unix 读/写语义与 OSS 音频设备的存在一些细微的差异)。 它还支持一些音频专属的方法；完整的方法列表见下文。</p>
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<p><em>device</em> 是要使用的音频设备文件名。 如果未指定，则此模块会先在环境变量 <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AUDIODEV</span></code> 中查找要使用的设备。 如果未找到，它将回退为 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/dsp</span></code>。</p>
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<p><em>mode</em> 可以为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code> 表示只读（录音）访问，<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code> 表示只写（回放）访问以及 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'rw'</span></code> 表示同时读写。 由于许多声卡在同一时间只允许单个进程打开录音机或播放器，因此好的做法是只根据活动的需要打开设备。 并且，有些声卡是半双工的：它们可以被打开用于读取或写入，但不能同时读写。</p>
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<p>请注意这里特殊的调用语法: <em>first</em> 参数是可选的，而第二个参数则是必需的。 这是出于历史原因要与 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-ossaudiodev" title="ossaudiodev: Access to OSS-compatible audio devices. (Linux, FreeBSD)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ossaudiodev</span></code></a> 所替代的 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">linuxaudiodev</span></code> 模块保持兼容。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="ossaudiodev.openmixer">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">ossaudiodev.</code><code class="sig-name descname">openmixer</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param">device</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.openmixer" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>打开一个混音设备并返回 OSS 混音设备对象。 <em>device</em> 是要使用的混音设备文件名。 如果未指定，则此模块会先在环境变量 <span class="target" id="index-5"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MIXERDEV</span></code> 中查找要使用的设备。 如果未找到，它将回退为 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/mixer</span></code>。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<section id="audio-device-objects">
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<span id="ossaudio-device-objects"></span><h2>音频设备对象<a class="headerlink" href="#audio-device-objects" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
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<p>在你写入或读取音频设备之前，你必须按照正确的顺序调用三个方法:</p>
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<ol class="arabic simple">
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setfmt()</span></code> 设置输出格式</p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">channels()</span></code> 设置声道数量</p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">speed()</span></code> 设置采样率</p></li>
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</ol>
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<p>或者，你也可以使用 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setparameters()</span></code> 方法一次性地设置全部三个音频参数。 这更为便捷，但可能不会在所有场景下都一样灵活。</p>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.open" title="ossaudiodev.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> 所返回的音频设备对象定义了下列方法和（只读）属性:</p>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.close">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.close" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>显式地关闭音频设备。 当你完成写入或读取音频设备后，你应当显式地关闭它。 已关闭的设备不可被再次使用。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.fileno">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">fileno</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.fileno" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回与设备相关联的文件描述符。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.read">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">read</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">size</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.read" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>从音频输入设备读取 <em>size</em> 个字节并返回为 Python 字节串。 与大多数 Unix 设备驱动不同，处于阻塞模式（默认）的 OSS 音频设备将阻塞 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.read" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.read"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read()</span></code></a> 直到所请求大小的数据全部可用。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.write">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">write</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.write" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>将一个 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> <em>data</em> 写入音频设备并返回写入的字节数。 如果音频设备处于阻塞模式（默认），则总是会写入完整数据（这还是不同于通常的 Unix 设备语义）。 如果设备处于非阻塞模式，则可能会有部分数据未被写入 --- 参见 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.writeall" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.writeall"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeall()</span></code></a>。</p>
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<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.5 版更改: </span>现在接受可写的 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">字节类对象</span></a>。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.writeall">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">writeall</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.writeall" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将一个 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> <em>data</em> 写入音频设备：等待直到音频设备能够接收数据，将根据其所能接收的数据量尽可能多地写入，并重复操作直至 <em>data</em> 被完全写入。 如果设备处于阻塞模式（默认），则其效果与 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.write" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.write"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code></a> 相同；<a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.writeall" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.writeall"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeall()</span></code></a> 仅适用于非阻塞模式。 它没有返回值，因为写入的数据量总是等于所提供的数据量。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.5 版更改: </span>现在接受可写的 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">字节类对象</span></a>。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.2 版更改: </span>音频设备对象还支持上下文管理协议，就是说它们可以在 <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> 语句中使用。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>下列方法各自映射一个 <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ioctl()</span></code> 系统调用。 对应关系很明显：例如，<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setfmt()</span></code> 对应 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT</span></code> ioctl，而 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sync()</span></code> 对应 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SNDCTL_DSP_SYNC</span></code> (这在查阅 OSS 文档时很有用)。 如果下层的 <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ioctl()</span></code> 失败，它们将引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.nonblock">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">nonblock</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.nonblock" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将设备转为非阻塞模式。 一旦处于非阻塞模式，将无法将其转回阻塞模式。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.getfmts">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getfmts</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.getfmts" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回声卡所支持的音频输出格式的位掩码。 OSS 支持的一部分格式如下:</p>
|
||
<table class="docutils align-default">
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
<col style="width: 36%" />
|
||
<col style="width: 64%" />
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>格式</p></th>
|
||
<th class="head"><p>描述</p></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AFMT_MU_LAW</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>一种对数编码格式（被 Sun <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.au</span></code> 文件和 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/audio</span></code> 所使用）</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AFMT_A_LAW</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>一种对数编码格式</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AFMT_IMA_ADPCM</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>一种 4:1 压缩格式，由 Interactive Multimedia Association 定义</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AFMT_U8</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>无符号的 8 位音频</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AFMT_S16_LE</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>有符号的 16 位音频，采用小端字节序（如 Intel 处理器所用的）</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AFMT_S16_BE</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>有符号的 16 位音频，采用大端字节序（如 68k, PowerPC, Sparc 所用的）</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AFMT_S8</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>有符号的 8 位音频</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AFMT_U16_LE</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>无符号的 16 位小端字节序音频</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AFMT_U16_BE</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>无符号的 16 位大端字节序音频</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p>请参阅 OSS 文档获取音频格式的完整列表，还要注意大多数设备都只支持这些列表的一个子集。 某些较旧的设备仅支持 <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AFMT_U8</span></code>；目前最为常用的格式是 <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AFMT_S16_LE</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setfmt">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setfmt</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">format</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setfmt" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>尝试将当前音频格式设为 <em>format</em> --- 请参阅 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.getfmts" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.getfmts"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getfmts()</span></code></a> 获取格式列表。 返回为设备设置的音频格式，这可能并非所请求的格式。 也可被用来返回当前音频格式 --- 这可以通过传入特殊的 "音频格式" <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AFMT_QUERY</span></code> 来实现。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.channels">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">channels</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">nchannels</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.channels" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将输出声道数设为 <em>nchannels</em>。 值为 1 表示单声道，2 表示立体声。 某些设备可能拥有 2 个以上的声道，并且某些高端设备还可能不支持单声道。 返回为设备设置的声道数。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.speed">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">speed</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">samplerate</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.speed" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>尝试将音频采样率设为每秒 <em>samplerate</em> 次采样。 返回实际设置的采样率。 大多数设备都不支持任意的采样率。 常见的采样率为:</p>
|
||
<table class="docutils align-default">
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
<col style="width: 14%" />
|
||
<col style="width: 86%" />
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>采样率</p></th>
|
||
<th class="head"><p>描述</p></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>8000</p></td>
|
||
<td><p><code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/audio</span></code> 的默认采样率</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>11025</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>语音录音</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>22050</p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>44100</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>CD品质的音频（16位采样和2通道）</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>96000</p></td>
|
||
<td><p>DVD品质的音频（24位采样）</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.sync">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">sync</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.sync" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>等待直到音频设备播放完其缓冲区中的所有字节。 （这会在设备被关闭时隐式地发生。） OSS 建议关闭再重新打开设备而不是使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.sync" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.sync"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sync()</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.reset">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">reset</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.reset" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>立即停止播放或录制并使设备返回可接受命令的状态。 OSS 文档建议在调用 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.reset" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.reset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reset()</span></code></a> 之后关闭并重新打开设备。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.post">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">post</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.post" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>告知设备在输出中可能有暂停，使得设备可以更智能地处理暂停。 你可以在播放一个定点音效之后、等待用户输入之前或执行磁盘 I/O 之前使用此方法。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>下列便捷方法合并了多个 ioctl，或是合并了一个 ioctl 与某些简单的运算。</p>
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setparameters">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setparameters</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">format</em>, <em class="sig-param">nchannels</em>, <em class="sig-param">samplerate</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param">strict=False</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setparameters" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>在一次方法调用中设置关键的音频采样参数 --- 采样格式、声道数和采样率。 <em>format</em>, <em>nchannels</em> 和 <em>samplerate</em> 应当与在 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setfmt" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setfmt"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setfmt()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.channels" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.channels"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">channels()</span></code></a> 和 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.speed" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.speed"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">speed()</span></code></a> 方法中所指定的一致。 如果 <em>strict</em> 为真值，则 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setparameters" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setparameters"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setparameters()</span></code></a> 会检查每个参数是否确实被设置为所请求的值，如果不是则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError" title="ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSSAudioError</span></code></a>。 返回一个元组 (<em>format</em>, <em>nchannels</em>, <em>samplerate</em>) 指明由设备驱动实际设置的参数值 (即与 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setfmt" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setfmt"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setfmt()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.channels" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.channels"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">channels()</span></code></a> 和 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.speed" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.speed"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">speed()</span></code></a> 的返回值相同)。</p>
|
||
<p>例如，:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">channels</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rate</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dsp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setparameters</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">channels</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rate</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>等价于</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dsp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setfmt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">channels</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dsp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">channels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">channels</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">rate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dsp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rate</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.bufsize">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">bufsize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.bufsize" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回硬件缓冲区的大小，以采样数表示。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.obufcount">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">obufcount</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.obufcount" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回硬件缓冲区中待播放的采样数。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.obuffree">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">obuffree</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.obuffree" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回可以被加入硬件缓冲区队列以非阻塞模式播放的采样数。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>音频设备对象还支持几个只读属性:</p>
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.closed">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">closed</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.closed" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>指明设备是否已被关闭的布尔值。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.name">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">name</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.name" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>包含设备文件名称的字符串。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.mode">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_audio_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">mode</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.mode" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>文件的 I/O 模式，可以为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"r"</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"rw"</span></code> 或 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"w"</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="mixer-device-objects">
|
||
<span id="id1"></span><h2>混音器设备对象<a class="headerlink" href="#mixer-device-objects" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>混音器对象提供了两个文件类方法:</p>
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.close">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_mixer_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.close" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>此方法会关闭打开的混音器设备文件。 在文件被关闭后任何继续使用混音器的尝试都将引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.fileno">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_mixer_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">fileno</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.fileno" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回打开的混音器设备文件的文件句柄号。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.2 版更改: </span>混音器设备还支持上下文管理协议。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>其余方法都是混音专属的:</p>
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_mixer_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">controls</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>此方法返回一个表示可用的混音控件的位掩码 ("控件" 是专用的可混合 "声道"，例如 <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SOUND_MIXER_PCM</span></code> 或 <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SOUND_MIXER_SYNTH</span></code>)。 该掩码会指定所有可用混音控件的一个子集 --- 它们是在模块层级上定义的 <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SOUND_MIXER_*</span></code> 常量。 举例来说，要确定当前混音器对象是否支持 PCM 混音器，就使用以下 Python 代码:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">mixer</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ossaudiodev</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">openmixer</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">mixer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">controls</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="n">ossaudiodev</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SOUND_MIXER_PCM</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># PCM is supported</span>
|
||
<span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">code</span> <span class="o">...</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>对于大多数目的来说，<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SOUND_MIXER_VOLUME</span></code> (主音量) 和 <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SOUND_MIXER_PCM</span></code> 控件应该足够了 --- 但使用混音器的代码应当在选择混音器控件时保持灵活。 例如在 Gravis Ultrasound 上，<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SOUND_MIXER_VOLUME</span></code> 是不存在的。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.stereocontrols">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_mixer_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">stereocontrols</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.stereocontrols" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回一个表示立体声混音控件的位掩码。 如果设置了比特位，则对应的控件就是立体声的；如果未设置，则控件为单声道或者不被混音器所支持（请配合 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls" title="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">controls()</span></code></a> 使用以确定是哪种情况）。</p>
|
||
<p>请查看 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls" title="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">controls()</span></code></a> 函数的代码示例了解如何从位掩码获取数据。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.reccontrols">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_mixer_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">reccontrols</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.reccontrols" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回一个指明可被用于录音的混音器控件的位掩码。 请查看 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls" title="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">controls()</span></code></a> 的代码示例了解如何读取位掩码。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.get">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_mixer_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">get</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">control</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.get" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回给定混音控件的音量。 返回的音量是一个 2 元组 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(left_volume,right_volume)</span></code>。 音量被表示为从 0 (静音) 到 100 (最大音量) 的数字。 如果控件是单声道的，仍然会返回一个 2 元组，但两个音量必定相同。</p>
|
||
<p>如果指定了无效的控件则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError" title="ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSSAudioError</span></code></a>，或者如果指定了不受支持的控件则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.set">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_mixer_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">set</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">control</em>, <em class="sig-param">(left</em>, <em class="sig-param">right)</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.set" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将给定混音控件的音量设为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(left,right)</span></code>。 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">left</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">right</span></code> 必须为整数并在 0 (静音) 至 100 (最大音量) 之间。 当执行成功的，新的音量将以 2 元组形式返回。 请注意这可能不完全等于所指定的音量，因为某些声卡的混音器有精度限制。</p>
|
||
<p>如果指定了无效的混音控件，或者指定的音量超出限制则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError" title="ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSSAudioError</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.get_recsrc">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_mixer_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">get_recsrc</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.get_recsrc" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>此方法返回一个表示当前被用作录音源的的控件的位掩码。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.set_recsrc">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">oss_mixer_device.</code><code class="sig-name descname">set_recsrc</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">bitmask</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.set_recsrc" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>调用此函数来指定一个录音源。 如果成功则返回一个指明新录音源的位掩码；如果指定了无效的源则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>。 如果要将当前录音源设为麦克风输入:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">mixer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setrecsrc</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="n">ossaudiodev</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SOUND_MIXER_MIC</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
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</section>
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|
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ossaudiodev</span></code> --- 访问兼容OSS的音频设备</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#audio-device-objects">音频设备对象</a></li>
|
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mixer-device-objects">混音器设备对象</a></li>
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