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<section id="module-zipimport">
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<span id="zipimport-import-modules-from-zip-archives"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-zipimport" title="zipimport: Support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipimport</span></code></a> --- 从 Zip 存档中导入模块<a class="headerlink" href="#module-zipimport" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p><strong>源代码：</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.8/Lib/zipimport.py">Lib/zipimport.py</a></p>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<p>此模块添加了从 ZIP 格式档案中导入 Python 模块（ <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*.py</span></code> ， <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*.pyc</span></code> ）和包的能力。通常不需要明确地使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-zipimport" title="zipimport: Support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipimport</span></code></a> 模块，内置的 <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/simple_stmts.html#import"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span></code></a> 机制会自动将此模块用于 ZIP 档案路径的 <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code></a> 项目上。</p>
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<p>通常， <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code></a> 是字符串的目录名称列表。此模块同样允许 <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code></a> 的一项成为命名 ZIP 文件档案的字符串。 ZIP 档案可以容纳子目录结构去支持包的导入，并且可以将归档文件中的路径指定为仅从子目录导入。比如说，路径 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">example.zip/lib/</span></code> 将只会从档案中的 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lib/</span></code> 子目录导入。</p>
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<p>任何文件都可以存在于 ZIP档案之中，但是只有 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> 和 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> 文件是能够导入的。不允许导入 ZIP 中的动态模组（ <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyd</span></code> ， <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.so</span></code> ）。请注意，如果档案中只包含 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> 文件， Python不会尝试通过添加对应的 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> 文件修改档案，意思是如果 ZIP 档案不包含 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> 文件，导入或许会变慢。</p>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.8 版更改: </span>以前，不支持带有档案注释的 ZIP 档案。</p>
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</div>
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<div class="admonition seealso">
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<p class="admonition-title">参见</p>
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<dl class="simple">
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<dt><a class="reference external" href="https://pkware.cachefly.net/webdocs/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT">PKZIP Application Note</a></dt><dd><p>Phil Katz 编写的 ZIP 文件格式文档，此格式和使用的算法的创建者。</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="target" id="index-8"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0273"><strong>PEP 273</strong></a> - 从ZIP压缩包导入模块</dt><dd><p>由 James C. Ahlstrom 编写，他也提供了实现。 Python 2.3 遵循 <span class="target" id="index-9"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0273"><strong>PEP 273</strong></a> 的规范，但是使用 Just van Rossum 编写的使用了 <span class="target" id="index-10"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0302"><strong>PEP 302</strong></a> 中描述的导入钩的实现。</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="target" id="index-11"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0302"><strong>PEP 302</strong></a> - 新导入钩</dt><dd><p>PEP 添加导入钩来有助于模块运作。</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<p>此模块定义了一个异常：</p>
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<dl class="exception">
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<dt id="zipimport.ZipImportError">
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<em class="property">exception </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">zipimport.</code><code class="sig-name descname">ZipImportError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.ZipImportError" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>异常由 zipimporter 对象引发。这是 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ImportError" title="ImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></code></a> 的子类，因此，也可以捕获为 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ImportError" title="ImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></code></a> 。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<section id="zipimporter-objects">
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<span id="id1"></span><h2>zipimporter 对象<a class="headerlink" href="#zipimporter-objects" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.zipimporter" title="zipimport.zipimporter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipimporter</span></code></a> 是用于导入 ZIP 文件的类。</p>
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<dl class="class">
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<dt id="zipimport.zipimporter">
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<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">zipimport.</code><code class="sig-name descname">zipimporter</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">archivepath</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>创建新的 zipimporter 实例。 <em>archivepath</em> 必须是指向 ZIP 文件的路径，或者 ZIP 文件中的特定路径。例如， <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo/bar.zip/lib</span></code> 的 <em>archivepath</em> 将在 ZIP 文件 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo/bar.zip</span></code> 中的 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lib</span></code> 目录中查找模块（只要它存在）。</p>
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<p>如果 <em>archivepath</em> 没有指向一个有效的 ZIP 档案，引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.ZipImportError" title="zipimport.ZipImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZipImportError</span></code></a> 。</p>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="zipimport.zipimporter.find_module">
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<code class="sig-name descname">find_module</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">fullname</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param">path</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.find_module" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>搜索由 <em>fullname</em> 指定的模块。 <em>fullname</em> 必须是完全合格的（点分的）模块名。它返回 zipimporter 实例本身如果模块被找到，或者返回 <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a> 如果没找到指定模块。可选的 <em>path</em> 被忽略，这是为了与导入器协议兼容。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="zipimport.zipimporter.get_code">
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<code class="sig-name descname">get_code</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">fullname</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.get_code" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回指定模块的代码对象。如果不能找到模块会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.ZipImportError" title="zipimport.ZipImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZipImportError</span></code></a> 错误。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="zipimport.zipimporter.get_data">
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<code class="sig-name descname">get_data</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">pathname</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.get_data" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回与 <em>pathname</em> 相关联的数据。如果不能找到文件则引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> 错误。</p>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.3 版更改: </span>曾经是 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#IOError" title="IOError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IOError</span></code></a> 被引发而不是 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> 。</p>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="zipimport.zipimporter.get_filename">
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<code class="sig-name descname">get_filename</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">fullname</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.get_filename" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>如果导入了指定的模块 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__file__</span></code> ，则返回为该模块设置的值。如果未找到模块则引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.ZipImportError" title="zipimport.ZipImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZipImportError</span></code></a> 错误。</p>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.1 新版功能.</span></p>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="zipimport.zipimporter.get_source">
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<code class="sig-name descname">get_source</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">fullname</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.get_source" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回指定模块的源代码。如果没有找到模块则引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.ZipImportError" title="zipimport.ZipImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZipImportError</span></code></a> ，如果档案包含模块但是没有源代码，返回 <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a> 。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="zipimport.zipimporter.is_package">
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<code class="sig-name descname">is_package</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">fullname</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.is_package" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>如果由 <em>fullname</em> 指定的模块是一个包则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> 。如果不能找到模块则引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.ZipImportError" title="zipimport.ZipImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZipImportError</span></code></a> 错误。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="zipimport.zipimporter.load_module">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">load_module</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">fullname</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.load_module" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>加载由 <em>fullname</em> 指定的模块。 <em>fullname</em> 必须是完全限定的（点分的）模块名。它返回已加载模块，或者当找不到模块时引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.ZipImportError" title="zipimport.ZipImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZipImportError</span></code></a> 错误。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="zipimport.zipimporter.archive">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">archive</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.archive" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>导入器关联的 ZIP 文件的文件名，没有可能的子路径。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="zipimport.zipimporter.prefix">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">prefix</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.prefix" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>ZIP 文件中搜索的模块的子路径。这是一个指向 ZIP 文件根目录的 zipimporter 对象的空字符串。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>当与斜杠结合使用时， <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.archive" title="zipimport.zipimporter.archive"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">archive</span></code></a> 和 <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.zipimporter.prefix" title="zipimport.zipimporter.prefix"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prefix</span></code></a> 属性等价于赋予 <a class="reference internal" href="#zipimport.zipimporter" title="zipimport.zipimporter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipimporter</span></code></a> 构造器的原始 <em>archivepath</em> 参数。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="examples">
|
||
<span id="zipimport-examples"></span><h2>例子<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>这是一个从 ZIP 档案中导入模块的例子 - 请注意 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-zipimport" title="zipimport: Support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipimport</span></code></a> 模块不需要明确地使用。</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-shell-session notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>unzip<span class="w"> </span>-l<span class="w"> </span>example.zip
|
||
<span class="go">Archive: example.zip</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Length Date Time Name</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> -------- ---- ---- ----</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> 8467 11-26-02 22:30 jwzthreading.py</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> -------- -------</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> 8467 1 file</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">$ </span>./python
|
||
<span class="go">Python 2.3 (#1, Aug 1 2003, 19:54:32)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">>>> import sys</span>
|
||
<span class="go">>>> sys.path.insert(0, 'example.zip') # Add .zip file to front of path</span>
|
||
<span class="go">>>> import jwzthreading</span>
|
||
<span class="go">>>> jwzthreading.__file__</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'example.zip/jwzthreading.py'</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
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||
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|
||
<h3><a href="../contents.html">目录</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipimport</span></code> --- 从 Zip 存档中导入模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#zipimporter-objects">zipimporter 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
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||
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||
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最后更新于 12月 09, 2024.
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