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<section id="exception-handling">
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<span id="exceptionhandling"></span><h1>异常处理<a class="headerlink" href="#exception-handling" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p>本章描述的函数将让你处理和触发 Python 异常。了解一些 Python 异常处理的基本知识是很重要的。 它的工作原理有点像 POSIX 的 <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> 变量：（每个线程）有一个全局指示器显示最近发生的错误。 大多数 C API 函数不会在成功时理会它，但会在失败时设置它来指示错误的原因。 多数 C API 函数也返回一个错误指示器，如果它们应该返回一个指针，通常返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>，如果返回一个整数，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> (例外: <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_*()</span></code> 函数成功时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> 而失败时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>)。</p>
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<p>具体地说，错误指示器由三个对象指针组成：异常的类型，异常的值，和回溯对象。如果没有错误被设置，这些指针都可以是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> （尽管一些组合使禁止的，例如，如果异常类型是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>，你不能有一个非 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 的回溯）。</p>
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<p>当一个函数由于它调用的某个函数失败而必须失败时，通常不会设置错误指示器；它调用的那个函数已经设置了它。而它负责处理错误和清理异常，或在清除其拥有的所有资源后返回（如对象应用或内存分配）。如果不准备处理异常，则 <em>不</em> 应该正常地继续。如果是由于一个错误返回，那么一定要向调用者表明已经设置了错误。如果错误没有得到处理或小心传播，对 Python/C API的其它调用可能不会有预期的行为，并且可能会以某种神秘的方式失败。</p>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
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<p>错误指示器 <strong>不是</strong> <a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.exc_info" title="sys.exc_info"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.exc_info()</span></code></a> 的执行结果。前者对应尚未捕获的异常（异常还在传播），而后者在捕获异常后返回这个异常（异常已经停止传播）。</p>
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</div>
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<section id="printing-and-clearing">
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<h2>打印和清理<a class="headerlink" href="#printing-and-clearing" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_Clear">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_Clear</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_Clear" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>清除错误指示器。如果没有设置错误指示器，则不会有作用。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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|
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<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_PrintEx">
|
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void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_PrintEx</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>int<em> set_sys_last_vars</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_PrintEx" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
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<dd><p>将标准回溯打印到 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></code> 并清除错误指示器。<strong>除非</strong> 错误是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SystemExit</span></code>，这种情况下不会打印回溯进程，且会退出 Python 进程，并显示 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SystemExit</span></code> 实例指定的错误代码。</p>
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<p>只有在错误指示器被设置时才需要调用这个函数，否则这会导致错误！</p>
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<p>如果 <em>set_sys_last_vars</em> 非零，则变量 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.last_type" title="sys.last_type"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.last_type</span></code></a>，<a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.last_value" title="sys.last_value"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.last_value</span></code></a> 和 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.last_traceback" title="sys.last_traceback"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.last_traceback</span></code></a> 将分别设置为打印异常的类型，值和回溯。</p>
|
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</dd></dl>
|
||
|
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<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_Print">
|
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void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_Print</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_Print" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_PrintEx(1)</span></code> 的别名。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c.PyErr_WriteUnraisable">
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void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_WriteUnraisable</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *obj</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_WriteUnraisable" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
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<dd><p>使用当前异常和 <em>obj</em> 参数调用 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.unraisablehook" title="sys.unraisablehook"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.unraisablehook()</span></code></a>。</p>
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<p>当设置了异常，但解释器不可能实际地触发异常时，这个实用函数向 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></code> 打印一个警告信息。例如，当 <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__del__" title="object.__del__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__del__()</span></code></a> 方法中发生异常时使用这个函数。</p>
|
||
<p>该函数使用单个参数 <em>obj</em> 进行调用，该参数标识发生不可触发异常的上下文。如果可能，<em>obj</em> 的报告将打印在警告消息中。</p>
|
||
<p>调用此函数时必须设置一个异常。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
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||
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||
</section>
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||
<section id="raising-exceptions">
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||
<h2>抛出异常<a class="headerlink" href="#raising-exceptions" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>这些函数可帮助你设置当前线程的错误指示器。为了方便起见，一些函数将始终返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 指针，以便用于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">return</span></code> 语句。</p>
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetString">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetString</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *type</em>, const char<em> *message</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetString" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>这是设置错误指示器最常用的方法。第一个参数指定异常类型；它通常是标准异常之一，e.g. <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_RuntimeError</span></code>。你不务要增加它的引用计数。第二个参数是错误信息，它解码自 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'utf-8'</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetObject">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetObject</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *type</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetObject" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>此函数类似于 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_SetString" title="PyErr_SetString"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetString()</span></code></a>，但是允许你为异常的“值”指定任意一个 Python 对象。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_Format">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_Format</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exception</em>, const char<em> *format</em>, ...<span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_Format" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Always NULL.</em><p>这个函数设置了一个错误指示器并且返回了 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>，<em>exception</em> 应当是一个 Python 中的异常类。<em>format</em> 和随后的形参会帮助格式化这个错误的信息；它们与 <a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#c.PyUnicode_FromFormat" title="PyUnicode_FromFormat"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicode_FromFormat()</span></code></a> 有着相同的含义和值。<em>format</em> 是一个ASCII编码的字符串。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_FormatV">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_FormatV</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exception</em>, const char<em> *format</em>, va_list<em> vargs</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_FormatV" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Always NULL.</em><p>和 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_Format" title="PyErr_Format"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Format()</span></code></a> 相同，但它接受一个 <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">va_list</span></code> 类型的参数而不是可变数量的参数集。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.5 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetNone">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetNone</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *type</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetNone" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>这是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetObject(type,</span> <span class="pre">Py_None)</span></code> 的简写。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_BadArgument">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_BadArgument</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_BadArgument" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>这是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,</span> <span class="pre">message)</span></code> 的简写，其中 <em>message</em> 指出使用了非法参数调用内置操作。它主要用于内部使用。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_NoMemory">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_NoMemory</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_NoMemory" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Always NULL.</em><p>这是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_MemoryError)</span></code> 的简写；它返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> ，以便当内存耗尽时，对象分配函数可以写 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">return</span> <span class="pre">PyErr_NoMemory();</span></code> 。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetFromErrno">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetFromErrno</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *type</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetFromErrno" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Always NULL.</em><p id="index-0">这是个便捷函数，当 C 库函数返回错误并设置 <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> 时，这个函数会触发异常。它构造一个元组对象，其第一项是整数值 <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code>，第二项是相应的错误消息（从 <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strerror()</span></code> 获取），然后调用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetObject(type,</span> <span class="pre">object)</span></code>。在 Unix 上，当 <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> 值是 <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EINTR</span></code> ，即中断的系统调用时，这个函数会调用 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_CheckSignals" title="PyErr_CheckSignals"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_CheckSignals()</span></code></a> ，如果设置了错误指示器，则将其设置为该值。该函数永远返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> ，因此当系统调用返回错误时，围绕系统调用的包装函数可以写成 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">return</span> <span class="pre">PyErr_SetFromErrno(type);</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *type</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *filenameObject</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Always NULL.</em><p>类似于 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_SetFromErrno" title="PyErr_SetFromErrno"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetFromErrno()</span></code></a> ，附加的行为是如果 <em>filenameObject</em> 不为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> ，它将作为第三个参数传递给 <em>type</em> 的构造函数。举个例子，在 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> 异常中，<em>filenameObject</em> 将用来定义异常实例的 <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filename</span></code> 属性。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObjects">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObjects</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *type</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *filenameObject</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *filenameObject2</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObjects" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Always NULL.</em><p>类似于 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject" title="PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject()</span></code></a> ，但接受第二个 filename 对象，用于当一个接受两个 filename 的函数失败时触发错误。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.4 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *type</em>, const char<em> *filename</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Always NULL.</em><p>类似于 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject" title="PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject()</span></code></a> ，但文件名以 C 字符串形式给出。 <em>filename</em> 是从文件系统编码（<a class="reference internal" href="../library/os.html#os.fsdecode" title="os.fsdecode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.fsdecode()</span></code></a>）解码出来的。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>int<em> ierr</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Always NULL.</em><p>这是触发 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#WindowsError" title="WindowsError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WindowsError</span></code></a> 的便捷函数。如果 <em>lerr</em> 为 <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> ，则改用调用 <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GetLastError()</span></code> 返回的错误代码。它调用 Win32 函数 <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FormatMessage()</span></code> 来检索 <em>ierr</em> 或 <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GetLastError()</span></code> 给定的错误代码的 Windows 描述，然后构造一个元组对象，其第一项是 <em>ierr</em> 值，第二项是相应的错误信息（从 <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FormatMessage()</span></code> 获取），然后调用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_WindowsError,</span> <span class="pre">object)</span></code> 。该函数永远返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 。</p>
|
||
<p class="availability"><a class="reference internal" href="../library/intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">可用性</span></a>: Windows。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErr">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErr</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *type</em>, int<em> ierr</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErr" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Always NULL.</em><p>类似于 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr" title="PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr()</span></code></a> ，额外的参数指定要触发的异常类型。</p>
|
||
<p class="availability"><a class="reference internal" href="../library/intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">可用性</span></a>: Windows。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>int<em> ierr</em>, const char<em> *filename</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Always NULL.</em><p>类似于 <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject()</span></code> ，但是 filename 是以 C 字符串形式给出的。 <em>filename</em> 是从文件系统编码（<a class="reference internal" href="../library/os.html#os.fsdecode" title="os.fsdecode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.fsdecode()</span></code></a>）解码出来的。</p>
|
||
<p class="availability"><a class="reference internal" href="../library/intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">可用性</span></a>: Windows。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *type</em>, int<em> ierr</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *filename</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Always NULL.</em><p>类似于 <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject()</span></code> ，额外参数指定要触发的异常类型。</p>
|
||
<p class="availability"><a class="reference internal" href="../library/intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">可用性</span></a>: Windows。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObjects">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObjects</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *type</em>, int<em> ierr</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *filename</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *filename2</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObjects" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Always NULL.</em><p>类似于 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject" title="PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject()</span></code></a> ，但是接受第二个 filename 对象。</p>
|
||
<p class="availability"><a class="reference internal" href="../library/intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">可用性</span></a>: Windows。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.4 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *type</em>, int<em> ierr</em>, const char<em> *filename</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Always NULL.</em><p>类似于 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename" title="PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename()</span></code></a> ，额外参数指定要触发的异常类型。</p>
|
||
<p class="availability"><a class="reference internal" href="../library/intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">可用性</span></a>: Windows。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetImportError">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetImportError</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *msg</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *name</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *path</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetImportError" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Always NULL.</em><p>这是触发 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ImportError" title="ImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></code></a> 的便捷函数。 <em>msg</em> 将被设为异常的消息字符串。 <em>name</em> 和 <em>path</em> ，（都可以为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> ），将用来被设置 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ImportError" title="ImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></code></a> 对应的属性 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">path</span></code>。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.3 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SyntaxLocationObject">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SyntaxLocationObject</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *filename</em>, int<em> lineno</em>, int<em> col_offset</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SyntaxLocationObject" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>设置当前异常的文件，行和偏移信息。如果当前异常不是 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#SyntaxError" title="SyntaxError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SyntaxError</span></code></a> ，则它设置额外的属性，使异常打印子系统认为异常是 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#SyntaxError" title="SyntaxError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SyntaxError</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.4 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> lineno</em>, int<em> col_offset</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>与 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_SyntaxLocationObject" title="PyErr_SyntaxLocationObject"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SyntaxLocationObject()</span></code></a> 类似，只是 <em>filename</em> 是从文件系统编码（ <a class="reference internal" href="../library/os.html#os.fsdecode" title="os.fsdecode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.fsdecode()</span></code></a> ）解码出的一个字节字符串。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.2 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SyntaxLocation">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SyntaxLocation</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> lineno</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SyntaxLocation" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>与 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx" title="PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx()</span></code></a> 类似，但省略了参数 col_offset。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_BadInternalCall">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_BadInternalCall</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_BadInternalCall" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>这是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,</span> <span class="pre">message)</span></code> 的缩写，其中 <em>message</em> 表示使用了非法参数调用内部操作（例如，Python/C API 函数）。它主要用于内部使用。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="issuing-warnings">
|
||
<h2>发出警告<a class="headerlink" href="#issuing-warnings" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>这些函数可以从 C 代码中发出警告。它们仿照了由 Python 模块 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/warnings.html#module-warnings" title="warnings: Issue warning messages and control their disposition."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warnings</span></code></a> 导出的那些函数。它们通常向 <em>sys.stderr</em> 打印一条警告信息；当然，用户也有可能已经指定将警告转换为错误，在这种情况下，它们将触发异常。也有可能由于警告机制出现问题，使得函数触发异常。如果没有触发异常，返回值为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> ；如果触发异常，返回值为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>。（无法确定是否实际打印了警告信息，也无法确定异常触发的原因。这是故意为之）。如果触发了异常，调用者应该进行正常的异常处理（例如，<a class="reference internal" href="refcounting.html#c.Py_DECREF" title="Py_DECREF"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_DECREF()</span></code></a> 持有引用并返回一个错误值）。</p>
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_WarnEx">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_WarnEx</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *category</em>, const char<em> *message</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> stack_level</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_WarnEx" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>发出一个警告信息。参数 <em>category</em> 是一个警告类别（见下面）或 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> ； <em>message</em> 是一个 UTF-8 编码的字符串。 <em>stack_level</em> 是一个给出栈帧数量的正数；警告将从该栈帧中当前正在执行的代码行发出。 <em>stack_level</em> 为 1 的是调用 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_WarnEx" title="PyErr_WarnEx"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_WarnEx()</span></code></a> 的函数，2 是在此之上的函数，以此类推。</p>
|
||
<p>警告类别必须是 <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_Warning</span></code> 的子类， <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_Warning</span></code> 是 <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_Exception</span></code> 的子类；默认警告类别是 <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_RuntimeWarning</span></code> 。标准 Python 警告类别作为全局变量可用，所有其名称见 <a class="reference internal" href="#standardwarningcategories"><span class="std std-ref">标准警告类别</span></a> 。</p>
|
||
<p>有关警告控制的信息，参见模块文档 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/warnings.html#module-warnings" title="warnings: Issue warning messages and control their disposition."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warnings</span></code></a> 和命令行文档中的 <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-w"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-W</span></code></a> 选项。没有用于警告控制的 C API。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetImportErrorSubclass">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetImportErrorSubclass</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exception</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *msg</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *name</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *path</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetImportErrorSubclass" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Always NULL.</em><p>和 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_SetImportError" title="PyErr_SetImportError"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetImportError()</span></code></a> 很类似，但这个函数允许指定一个 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ImportError" title="ImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></code></a> 的子类来触发。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.6 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_WarnExplicitObject">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_WarnExplicitObject</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *category</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *message</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *filename</em>, int<em> lineno</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *module</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *registry</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_WarnExplicitObject" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Issue a warning message with explicit control over all warning attributes. This
|
||
is a straightforward wrapper around the Python function
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/warnings.html#warnings.warn_explicit" title="warnings.warn_explicit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warnings.warn_explicit()</span></code></a>, see there for more information. The <em>module</em>
|
||
and <em>registry</em> arguments may be set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> to get the default effect
|
||
described there.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.4 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_WarnExplicit">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_WarnExplicit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *category</em>, const char<em> *message</em>, const char<em> *filename</em>, int<em> lineno</em>, const char<em> *module</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *registry</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_WarnExplicit" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_WarnExplicitObject" title="PyErr_WarnExplicitObject"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_WarnExplicitObject()</span></code></a> except that <em>message</em> and
|
||
<em>module</em> are UTF-8 encoded strings, and <em>filename</em> is decoded from the
|
||
filesystem encoding (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/os.html#os.fsdecode" title="os.fsdecode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.fsdecode()</span></code></a>).</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_WarnFormat">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_WarnFormat</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *category</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> stack_level</em>, const char<em> *format</em>, ...<span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_WarnFormat" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>类似于 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_WarnEx" title="PyErr_WarnEx"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_WarnEx()</span></code></a> 的函数，但使用 <a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#c.PyUnicode_FromFormat" title="PyUnicode_FromFormat"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicode_FromFormat()</span></code></a> 来格式化警告消息。 <em>format</em> 是使用 ASCII 编码的字符串。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.2 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_ResourceWarning">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_ResourceWarning</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *source</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> stack_level</em>, const char<em> *format</em>, ...<span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_ResourceWarning" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>类似于 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_WarnFormat" title="PyErr_WarnFormat"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_WarnFormat()</span></code></a> 的函数，但 <em>category</em> 是 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ResourceWarning" title="ResourceWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ResourceWarning</span></code></a> 并且它会将 <em>source</em> 传给 <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warnings.WarningMessage()</span></code>。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.6 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="querying-the-error-indicator">
|
||
<h2>查询错误指示器<a class="headerlink" href="#querying-the-error-indicator" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_Occurred">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_Occurred</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Borrowed reference.</em><p>检测是否设置了错误指示器。 如已设置，则返回异常 <em>type</em> (传给最近一次对某个 <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Set*()</span></code> 函数或 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_Restore" title="PyErr_Restore"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Restore()</span></code></a> 的调用的第一个参数)。 如未设置，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。 你并不拥有对返回值的引用，因此你不需要对它执行 <a class="reference internal" href="refcounting.html#c.Py_DECREF" title="Py_DECREF"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_DECREF()</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
|
||
<p>不要将返回值与特定的异常进行比较；请改为使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_ExceptionMatches" title="PyErr_ExceptionMatches"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_ExceptionMatches()</span></code></a>，如下所示。 （比较很容易失败因为对于类异常来说，异常可能是一个实例而不是类，或者它可能是预期的异常的一个子类。）</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_ExceptionMatches">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_ExceptionMatches</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_ExceptionMatches" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>等价于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyErr_Occurred(),</span> <span class="pre">exc)</span></code>。 此函数应当只在实际设置了异常时才被调用；如果没有任何异常被引发则将发生非法内存访问。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *given</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>如果 <em>given</em> 异常与 <em>exc</em> 中的异常类型相匹配则返回真值。 如果 <em>exc</em> 是一个类对象，则当 <em>given</em> 是一个子类的实例时也将返回真值。 如果 <em>exc</em> 是一个元组，则该元组（以及递归的子元组）中的所有异常类型都将被搜索进行匹配。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_Fetch">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_Fetch</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> **ptype</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> **pvalue</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> **ptraceback</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_Fetch" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将错误指示符提取到三个变量中并传递其地址。 如果未设置错误指示符，则将三个变量都设为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。 如果已设置，则将其清除并且你将得到对所提取的每个对象的引用。 值和回溯对象可以为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 即使类型对象不为空。</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
|
||
<p>此函数通常只被需要捕获异常的代码或需要临时保存和恢复错误指示符的代码所使用，例如:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">traceback</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyErr_Fetch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">traceback</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* ... code that might produce other errors ... */</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyErr_Restore</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">traceback</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_Restore">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_Restore</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *type</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *value</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *traceback</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_Restore" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>基于三个对象设置错误指示符。 如果错误指示符已设置，它将首先被清除。 如果三个对象均为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>，错误指示器将被清除。 请不要传入 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 类型和非 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 值或回溯。 异常类型应当是一个类。 请不要传入无效的异常类型或值。 （违反这些规则将导致微妙的后续问题。） 此调用会带走对每个对象的引用：你必须在调用之前拥有对每个对象的引用且在调用之后你将不再拥有这些引用。 （如果你不理解这一点，就不要使用此函数。 勿谓言之不预。）</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
|
||
<p>此函数通常只被需要临时保存和恢复错误指示符的代码所使用。 请使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_Fetch" title="PyErr_Fetch"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Fetch()</span></code></a> 来保存当前的错误指示符。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_NormalizeException">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_NormalizeException</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>**exc, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>**val, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>**tb<span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_NormalizeException" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>在特定情况下，下面 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_Fetch" title="PyErr_Fetch"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Fetch()</span></code></a> 所返回的值可以是“非正规化的”，即 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*exc</span></code> 是一个类对象而 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*val</span></code> 不是同一个类的实例。 在这种情况下此函数可以被用来实例化类。 如果值已经是正规化的，则不做任何操作。 实现这种延迟正规化是为了提升性能。</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
|
||
<p>此函数 <em>不会</em> 显式地在异常值上设置 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__traceback__</span></code> 属性。 如果想要适当地设置回溯，还需要以下附加代码片段:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyException_SetTraceback</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tb</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_GetExcInfo">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_GetExcInfo</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> **ptype</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> **pvalue</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> **ptraceback</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_GetExcInfo" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>提取异常信息，即从 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.exc_info()</span></code> 所得到的。 这是指一个 <em>已被捕获</em> 的异常，而不是刚被引发的异常。 返回分别指向三个对象的新引用，其中任何一个均可以为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。 不会修改异常信息的状态。</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
|
||
<p>此函数通常不会被需要处理异常的代码所使用。 它被使用的场合是在代码需要临时保存并恢复异常状态的时候。 请使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_SetExcInfo" title="PyErr_SetExcInfo"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetExcInfo()</span></code></a> 来恢复或清除异常状态。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.3 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetExcInfo">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetExcInfo</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *type</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *value</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *traceback</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetExcInfo" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>设置异常信息，即从 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.exc_info()</span></code> 所得到的。 这是指一个 <em>已被捕获</em> 的异常，而不是刚被引发的异常。 此函数会偷取对参数的引用。 要清空异常状态，请为所有三个参数传入 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。 对于有关三个参数的一般规则，请参阅 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_Restore" title="PyErr_Restore"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Restore()</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
|
||
<p>此函数通常不会被需要处理异常的代码所使用。 它被使用的场合是在代码需要临时保存并恢复异常状态的情况。 请使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_GetExcInfo" title="PyErr_GetExcInfo"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_GetExcInfo()</span></code></a> 来读取异常状态。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.3 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="signal-handling">
|
||
<h2>信号处理<a class="headerlink" href="#signal-handling" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_CheckSignals">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_CheckSignals</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_CheckSignals" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p id="index-1">This function interacts with Python's signal handling. It checks whether a
|
||
signal has been sent to the processes and if so, invokes the corresponding
|
||
signal handler. If the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/signal.html#module-signal" title="signal: Set handlers for asynchronous events."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">signal</span></code></a> module is supported, this can invoke a
|
||
signal handler written in Python. In all cases, the default effect for
|
||
<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGINT</span></code> is to raise the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#KeyboardInterrupt" title="KeyboardInterrupt"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyboardInterrupt</span></code></a> exception. If an
|
||
exception is raised the error indicator is set and the function returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>;
|
||
otherwise the function returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>. The error indicator may or may not be
|
||
cleared if it was previously set.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_SetInterrupt">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_SetInterrupt</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_SetInterrupt" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p id="index-2">Simulate the effect of a <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGINT</span></code> signal arriving. The next time
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_CheckSignals" title="PyErr_CheckSignals"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_CheckSignals()</span></code></a> is called, the Python signal handler for
|
||
<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGINT</span></code> will be called.</p>
|
||
<p>如果 Python 没有处理 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/signal.html#signal.SIGINT" title="signal.SIGINT"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">signal.SIGINT</span></code></a> (将它设为 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/signal.html#signal.SIG_DFL" title="signal.SIG_DFL"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">signal.SIG_DFL</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/signal.html#signal.SIG_IGN" title="signal.SIG_IGN"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">signal.SIG_IGN</span></code></a>)，此函数将不做任何事。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PySignal_SetWakeupFd">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PySignal_SetWakeupFd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>int<em> fd</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PySignal_SetWakeupFd" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>这个工具函数指定了一个每当收到信号时将被作为以单个字节的形式写入信号编号的目标的文件描述符。 <em>fd</em> 必须是非阻塞的。 它将返回前一个这样的文件描述符。</p>
|
||
<p>设置值 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> 将禁用该特性；这是初始状态。 这等价于 Python 中的 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/signal.html#signal.set_wakeup_fd" title="signal.set_wakeup_fd"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">signal.set_wakeup_fd()</span></code></a>，但是没有任何错误检查。 <em>fd</em> 应当是一个有效的文件描述符。 此函数应当只从主线程来调用。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.5 版更改: </span>在 Windows 上，此函数现在也支持套接字处理。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="exception-classes">
|
||
<h2>Exception 类<a class="headerlink" href="#exception-classes" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_NewException">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_NewException</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *name</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *base</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *dict</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_NewException" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>这个工具函数会创建并返回一个新的异常类。 <em>name</em> 参数必须为新异常的名称，是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">module.classname</span></code> 形式的 C 字符串。 <em>base</em> 和 <em>dict</em> 参数通常为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。 这将创建一个派生自 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#Exception" title="Exception"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Exception</span></code></a> 的类对象（在 C 中可以通过 <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_Exception</span></code> 访问）。</p>
|
||
<p>新类的 <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__module__</span></code> 属性将被设为 <em>name</em> 参数的前半部分（最后一个点号之前），而类名将被设为后半部分（最后一个点号之后）。 <em>base</em> 参数可被用来指定替代基类；它可以是一个类或是一个由类组成的元组。 <em>dict</em> 参数可被用来指定一个由类变量和方法组成的字典。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *name</em>, const char<em> *doc</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *base</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *dict</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>和 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyErr_NewException" title="PyErr_NewException"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_NewException()</span></code></a> 一样，除了可以轻松地给新的异常类一个文档字符串：如果 <em>doc</em> 属性非空，它将用作异常类的文档字符串。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.2 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="exception-objects">
|
||
<h2>异常对象<a class="headerlink" href="#exception-objects" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyException_GetTraceback">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyException_GetTraceback</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *ex</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyException_GetTraceback" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>将与异常相关联的回溯作为一个新引用返回，可以通过 <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__traceback__</span></code> 在 Python 中访问。 如果没有已关联的回溯，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyException_SetTraceback">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyException_SetTraceback</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *ex</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *tb</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyException_SetTraceback" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将异常关联的回溯设置为 <em>tb</em> 。使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_None</span></code> 清除它。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyException_GetContext">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyException_GetContext</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *ex</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyException_GetContext" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>将与异常相关联的上下文（在处理 <em>ex</em> 的过程中引发的另一个异常实例）作为一个新引用返回，可以通过 <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__context__</span></code> 在 Python 中访问。 如果没有已关联的上下文，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyException_SetContext">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyException_SetContext</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *ex</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *ctx</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyException_SetContext" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将与异常相关联的上下文设置为 <em>ctx</em>。 使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 来清空它。 没有用来确保 <em>ctx</em> 是一个异常实例的类型检查。 这将窃取一个指向 <em>ctx</em> 的引用。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyException_GetCause">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyException_GetCause</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *ex</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyException_GetCause" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>将与异常相关联的原因（一个异常实例，或是 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a>，由 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">raise</span> <span class="pre">...</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">...</span></code> 设置）作为一个新引用返回，可在 Python 中通过 <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cause__</span></code> 来访问。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyException_SetCause">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">PyException_SetCause</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *ex</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *cause</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyException_SetCause" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将与异常相关联的原因设置为 <em>cause</em>。 使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 来清空它。 它没有用来确保 <em>cause</em> 是一个异常实例或 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a> 的类型检查。 这将偷取一个指向 <em>cause</em> 的引用。</p>
|
||
<p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__suppress_context__</span></code> 会被此函数隐式地设为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="unicode-exception-objects">
|
||
<span id="unicodeexceptions"></span><h2>Unicode 异常对象<a class="headerlink" href="#unicode-exception-objects" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>下列函数被用于创建和修改来自 C 的 Unicode 异常。</p>
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_Create">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeDecodeError_Create</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *encoding</em>, const char<em> *object</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> length</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> start</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> end</em>, const char<em> *reason</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_Create" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>创建一个 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#UnicodeDecodeError" title="UnicodeDecodeError"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeDecodeError</span></code></a> 对象并附带 <em>encoding</em>, <em>object</em>, <em>length</em>, <em>start</em>, <em>end</em> 和 <em>reason</em> 等属性。 <em>encoding</em> 和 <em>reason</em> 为 UTF-8 编码的字符串。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_Create">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeEncodeError_Create</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *encoding</em>, const <a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#c.Py_UNICODE" title="Py_UNICODE">Py_UNICODE</a><em> *object</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> length</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> start</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> end</em>, const char<em> *reason</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_Create" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>创建一个 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#UnicodeEncodeError" title="UnicodeEncodeError"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeEncodeError</span></code></a> 对象并附带 <em>encoding</em>, <em>object</em>, <em>length</em>, <em>start</em>, <em>end</em> 和 <em>reason</em>。 <em>encoding</em> 和 <em>reason</em> 都是以 UTF-8 编码的字符串。</p>
|
||
<div class="deprecated">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">3.3 版后已移除: </span>3.11</p>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_UNICODE</span></code> 自 Python 3.3 起已被弃用。 请迁移至 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_CallFunction(PyExc_UnicodeEncodeError,</span> <span class="pre">"sOnns",</span> <span class="pre">...)</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_Create">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeTranslateError_Create</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const <a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#c.Py_UNICODE" title="Py_UNICODE">Py_UNICODE</a><em> *object</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> length</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> start</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> end</em>, const char<em> *reason</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_Create" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>创建一个 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#UnicodeTranslateError" title="UnicodeTranslateError"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeTranslateError</span></code></a> 对象并附带 <em>object</em>, <em>length</em>, <em>start</em>, <em>end</em> 和 <em>reason</em>。 <em>reason</em> 是一个以 UTF-8 编码的字符串。</p>
|
||
<div class="deprecated">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">3.3 版后已移除: </span>3.11</p>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_UNICODE</span></code> 自 Python 3.3 起已被弃用。 请迁移至 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_CallFunction(PyExc_UnicodeTranslateError,</span> <span class="pre">"Onns",</span> <span class="pre">...)</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetEncoding">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetEncoding</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetEncoding" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetEncoding">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetEncoding</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetEncoding" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>返回给定异常对象的 <em>encoding</em> 属性</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetObject">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetObject</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetObject" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetObject">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetObject</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetObject" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetObject">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetObject</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetObject" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>返回给定异常对象的 <em>object</em> 属性</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetStart">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetStart</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> *start</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetStart" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetStart">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetStart</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> *start</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetStart" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetStart">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetStart</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> *start</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetStart" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>获取给定异常对象的 <em>start</em> 属性并将其放入 <em>*start</em>。 <em>start</em> 必须不为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。 成功时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>，失败时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetStart">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetStart</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> start</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetStart" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetStart">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetStart</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> start</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetStart" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetStart">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetStart</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> start</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetStart" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将给定异常对象的 <em>start</em> 属性设为 <em>start</em>。 成功时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>，失败时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetEnd">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetEnd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> *end</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetEnd" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetEnd">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetEnd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> *end</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetEnd" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetEnd">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetEnd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> *end</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetEnd" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>获取给定异常对象的 <em>end</em> 属性并将其放入 <em>*end</em>。 <em>end</em> 必须不为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。 成功时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>，失败时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetEnd">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetEnd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> end</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetEnd" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetEnd">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetEnd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> end</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetEnd" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetEnd">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetEnd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> end</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetEnd" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将给定异常对象的 <em>end</em> 属性设为 <em>end</em>。 成功时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>，失败时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetReason">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetReason</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetReason" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetReason">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetReason</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetReason" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetReason">
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetReason</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetReason" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>返回给定异常对象的 <em>reason</em> 属性</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetReason">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetReason</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em>, const char<em> *reason</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetReason" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetReason">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetReason</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em>, const char<em> *reason</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetReason" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dt id="c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetReason">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetReason</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em>, const char<em> *reason</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetReason" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将给定异常对象的 <em>reason</em> 属性设为 <em>reason</em>。 成功时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>，失败时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="recursion-control">
|
||
<h2>递归控制<a class="headerlink" href="#recursion-control" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>These two functions provide a way to perform safe recursive calls at the C
|
||
level, both in the core and in extension modules. They are needed if the
|
||
recursive code does not necessarily invoke Python code (which tracks its
|
||
recursion depth automatically).</p>
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.Py_EnterRecursiveCall">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">Py_EnterRecursiveCall</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *where</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_EnterRecursiveCall" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>标记一个递归的 C 层级调用即将被执行的点位。</p>
|
||
<p>如果定义了 <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">USE_STACKCHECK</span></code>，此函数会使用 <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#c.PyOS_CheckStack" title="PyOS_CheckStack"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyOS_CheckStack()</span></code></a> 来检查操作系统堆栈是否溢出。 在这种情况下，它将设置一个 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#MemoryError" title="MemoryError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MemoryError</span></code></a> 并返回非零值。</p>
|
||
<p>随后此函数将检查是否达到递归限制。 如果是的话，将设置一个 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#RecursionError" title="RecursionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RecursionError</span></code></a> 并返回一个非零值。 在其他情况下，则返回零。</p>
|
||
<p><em>where</em> should be a string such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">instance</span> <span class="pre">check"</span></code> to be
|
||
concatenated to the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#RecursionError" title="RecursionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RecursionError</span></code></a> message caused by the recursion
|
||
depth limit.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.Py_LeaveRecursiveCall">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">Py_LeaveRecursiveCall</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_LeaveRecursiveCall" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>结束一个 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_EnterRecursiveCall" title="Py_EnterRecursiveCall"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_EnterRecursiveCall()</span></code></a>。 必须针对 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_EnterRecursiveCall" title="Py_EnterRecursiveCall"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_EnterRecursiveCall()</span></code></a> 的每个 <em>成功的</em> 发起调用操作执行一次调用。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>正确地针对容器类型实现 <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_repr" title="PyTypeObject.tp_repr"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_repr</span></code></a> 需要特别的递归处理。 在保护栈之外，<a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_repr" title="PyTypeObject.tp_repr"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_repr</span></code></a> 还需要追踪对象以防止出现循环。 以下两个函数将帮助完成此功能。 从实际效果来说，这两个函数是 C 中对应 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/reprlib.html#reprlib.recursive_repr" title="reprlib.recursive_repr"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reprlib.recursive_repr()</span></code></a> 的等价物。</p>
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.Py_ReprEnter">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">Py_ReprEnter</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *object</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ReprEnter" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>在 <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_repr" title="PyTypeObject.tp_repr"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_repr</span></code></a> 实现的开头被调用以检测循环。</p>
|
||
<p>如果对象已经被处理，此函数将返回一个正整数。 在此情况下 <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_repr" title="PyTypeObject.tp_repr"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_repr</span></code></a> 实现应当返回一个指明发生循环的字符串对象。 例如，<a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code></a> 对象将返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{...}</span></code> 而 <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#list" title="list"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code></a> 对象将返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[...]</span></code>。</p>
|
||
<p>如果已达到递归限制则此函数将返回一个负正数。 在此情况下 <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_repr" title="PyTypeObject.tp_repr"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_repr</span></code></a> 实现通常应当返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。</p>
|
||
<p>在其他情况下，此函数将返回零而 <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_repr" title="PyTypeObject.tp_repr"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_repr</span></code></a> 实现将可正常继续。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.Py_ReprLeave">
|
||
void <code class="sig-name descname">Py_ReprLeave</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *object</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_ReprLeave" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>结束一个 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_ReprEnter" title="Py_ReprEnter"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ReprEnter()</span></code></a>。 必须针对每个返回零的 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_ReprEnter" title="Py_ReprEnter"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ReprEnter()</span></code></a> 的发起调用操作调用一次。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="standard-exceptions">
|
||
<span id="standardexceptions"></span><h2>标准异常<a class="headerlink" href="#standard-exceptions" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>所有的 Python 标准异常都可用作全局变量，其名称为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_</span></code> 跟上 Python 异常名称。这些变量是 <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject*</span></code></a> 类型；都是类对象。下面列出了全部这些用作标准异常的变量：</p>
|
||
<table class="docutils align-default" id="index-3">
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
<col style="width: 49%" />
|
||
<col style="width: 39%" />
|
||
<col style="width: 12%" />
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>C 名称</p></th>
|
||
<th class="head"><p>Python 名称</p></th>
|
||
<th class="head"><p>备注</p></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_BaseException</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#BaseException" title="BaseException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>(1)</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_Exception</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#Exception" title="Exception"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Exception</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>(1)</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ArithmeticError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ArithmeticError" title="ArithmeticError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ArithmeticError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>(1)</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_AssertionError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#AssertionError" title="AssertionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AssertionError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_AttributeError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#AttributeError" title="AttributeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AttributeError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_BlockingIOError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#BlockingIOError" title="BlockingIOError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BlockingIOError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_BrokenPipeError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#BrokenPipeError" title="BrokenPipeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BrokenPipeError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_BufferError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#BufferError" title="BufferError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BufferError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ChildProcessError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ChildProcessError" title="ChildProcessError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ChildProcessError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ConnectionAbortedError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ConnectionAbortedError" title="ConnectionAbortedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ConnectionAbortedError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ConnectionError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ConnectionError" title="ConnectionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ConnectionError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ConnectionRefusedError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ConnectionRefusedError" title="ConnectionRefusedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ConnectionRefusedError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ConnectionResetError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ConnectionResetError" title="ConnectionResetError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ConnectionResetError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_EOFError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#EOFError" title="EOFError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_FileExistsError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#FileExistsError" title="FileExistsError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FileExistsError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_FileNotFoundError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#FileNotFoundError" title="FileNotFoundError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FileNotFoundError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_FloatingPointError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#FloatingPointError" title="FloatingPointError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FloatingPointError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_GeneratorExit</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#GeneratorExit" title="GeneratorExit"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GeneratorExit</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ImportError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ImportError" title="ImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_IndentationError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#IndentationError" title="IndentationError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IndentationError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_IndexError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#IndexError" title="IndexError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IndexError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_InterruptedError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#InterruptedError" title="InterruptedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InterruptedError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_IsADirectoryError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#IsADirectoryError" title="IsADirectoryError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IsADirectoryError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_KeyError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#KeyboardInterrupt" title="KeyboardInterrupt"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyboardInterrupt</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_LookupError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#LookupError" title="LookupError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LookupError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>(1)</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_MemoryError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#MemoryError" title="MemoryError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MemoryError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ModuleNotFoundError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ModuleNotFoundError" title="ModuleNotFoundError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ModuleNotFoundError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_NameError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#NameError" title="NameError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NameError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_NotADirectoryError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#NotADirectoryError" title="NotADirectoryError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotADirectoryError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_NotImplementedError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#NotImplementedError" title="NotImplementedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotImplementedError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_OSError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>(1)</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_OverflowError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_PermissionError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#PermissionError" title="PermissionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PermissionError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ProcessLookupError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ProcessLookupError" title="ProcessLookupError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ProcessLookupError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_RecursionError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#RecursionError" title="RecursionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RecursionError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ReferenceError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ReferenceError" title="ReferenceError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ReferenceError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>(2)</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_RuntimeError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_StopAsyncIteration</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#StopAsyncIteration" title="StopAsyncIteration"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StopAsyncIteration</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_StopIteration</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#StopIteration" title="StopIteration"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StopIteration</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_SyntaxError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#SyntaxError" title="SyntaxError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SyntaxError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_SystemError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#SystemError" title="SystemError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SystemError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_SystemExit</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#SystemExit" title="SystemExit"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SystemExit</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_TabError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TabError" title="TabError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TabError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_TimeoutError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TimeoutError" title="TimeoutError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TimeoutError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_TypeError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_UnboundLocalError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#UnboundLocalError" title="UnboundLocalError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnboundLocalError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_UnicodeDecodeError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#UnicodeDecodeError" title="UnicodeDecodeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeDecodeError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_UnicodeEncodeError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#UnicodeEncodeError" title="UnicodeEncodeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeEncodeError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_UnicodeError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#UnicodeError" title="UnicodeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_UnicodeTranslateError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#UnicodeTranslateError" title="UnicodeTranslateError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeTranslateError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ValueError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ZeroDivisionError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ZeroDivisionError" title="ZeroDivisionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZeroDivisionError</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.3 新版功能: </span><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_BlockingIOError</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_BrokenPipeError</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ChildProcessError</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ConnectionError</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ConnectionAbortedError</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ConnectionRefusedError</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ConnectionResetError</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_FileExistsError</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_FileNotFoundError</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_InterruptedError</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_IsADirectoryError</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_NotADirectoryError</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_PermissionError</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ProcessLookupError</span></code> and <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_TimeoutError</span></code> 介绍如下 <span class="target" id="index-8"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3151"><strong>PEP 3151</strong></a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.5 新版功能: </span><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_StopAsyncIteration</span></code> 和 <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_RecursionError</span></code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.6 新版功能: </span><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ModuleNotFoundError</span></code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>这些是兼容性别名 <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_OSError</span></code>:</p>
|
||
<table class="docutils align-default" id="index-5">
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
<col style="width: 79%" />
|
||
<col style="width: 21%" />
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>C 名称</p></th>
|
||
<th class="head"><p>备注</p></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_EnvironmentError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_IOError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_WindowsError</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>(3)</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.3 版更改: </span>这些别名曾经是单独的异常类型。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>注释：</p>
|
||
<ol class="arabic simple">
|
||
<li><p>这是其他标准异常的基类。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>仅在 Windows 中定义；检测是否定义了预处理程序宏 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MS_WINDOWS</span></code> ，以便保护用到它的代码。</p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="standard-warning-categories">
|
||
<span id="standardwarningcategories"></span><h2>标准警告类别<a class="headerlink" href="#standard-warning-categories" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>所有的标准 Python 警告类别都可以用作全局变量，其名称为``PyExc_`` 跟上 Python 异常名称。这些变量是 <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject*</span></code></a> 类型；都是类对象。以下列出了所有用作警告的变量：</p>
|
||
<table class="docutils align-default" id="index-6">
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
<col style="width: 49%" />
|
||
<col style="width: 39%" />
|
||
<col style="width: 12%" />
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>C 名称</p></th>
|
||
<th class="head"><p>Python 名称</p></th>
|
||
<th class="head"><p>备注</p></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_Warning</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#Warning" title="Warning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Warning</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>(1)</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_BytesWarning</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#BytesWarning" title="BytesWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BytesWarning</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_DeprecationWarning</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#DeprecationWarning" title="DeprecationWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DeprecationWarning</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_FutureWarning</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#FutureWarning" title="FutureWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FutureWarning</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ImportWarning</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ImportWarning" title="ImportWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImportWarning</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_PendingDeprecationWarning</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#PendingDeprecationWarning" title="PendingDeprecationWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PendingDeprecationWarning</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ResourceWarning</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ResourceWarning" title="ResourceWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ResourceWarning</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_RuntimeWarning</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#RuntimeWarning" title="RuntimeWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RuntimeWarning</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_SyntaxWarning</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#SyntaxWarning" title="SyntaxWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SyntaxWarning</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_UnicodeWarning</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#UnicodeWarning" title="UnicodeWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeWarning</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_UserWarning</span></code></p></td>
|
||
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#UserWarning" title="UserWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UserWarning</span></code></a></p></td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.2 新版功能: </span><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyExc_ResourceWarning</span></code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>注释：</p>
|
||
<ol class="arabic simple">
|
||
<li><p>这是其他标准警告类别的基类。</p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">异常处理</a><ul>
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|
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|
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#recursion-control">递归控制</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#standard-exceptions">标准异常</a></li>
|
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#standard-warning-categories">标准警告类别</a></li>
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