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<section id="module-xml.dom.pulldom">
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<span id="xml-dom-pulldom-support-for-building-partial-dom-trees"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.pulldom" title="xml.dom.pulldom: Support for building partial DOM trees from SAX events."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom</span></code></a> --- 支持构建部分 DOM 树<a class="headerlink" href="#module-xml.dom.pulldom" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p><strong>源代码:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.8/Lib/xml/dom/pulldom.py">Lib/xml/dom/pulldom.py</a></p>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.pulldom" title="xml.dom.pulldom: Support for building partial DOM trees from SAX events."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom</span></code></a> 模块提供了一个“拉取解析器”，它能在必要时被用于产生文件的可访问 DOM 的片段。 其基本概念包括从输入的 XML 流拉取“事件”并处理它们。 与同样地同时应用了事件驱动处理模型加回调函数的 SAX 不同，拉取解析器的用户要负责显式地从流拉取事件，并循环遍历这些事件直到处理结束或者发生了错误条件。</p>
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<p class="admonition-title">警告</p>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.pulldom" title="xml.dom.pulldom: Support for building partial DOM trees from SAX events."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom</span></code></a> 模块对于恶意构建的数据是不安全的。 如果你需要解析不受信任或未经身份验证的数据，请参阅 <a class="reference internal" href="xml.html#xml-vulnerabilities"><span class="std std-ref">XML 漏洞</span></a>。</p>
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.7.1 版更改: </span>SAX 解析器默认不再处理一般外部实体以提升在默认情况下的安全性。 要启用外部实体处理，请传入一个自定义的解析器实例:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom.pulldom</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">parse</span>
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<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.sax</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">make_parser</span>
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<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.sax.handler</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">feature_external_ges</span>
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<span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">make_parser</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setFeature</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">feature_external_ges</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p>示例:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span>
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<span class="n">doc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'sales_items.xml'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">doc</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">START_ELEMENT</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tagName</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'item'</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getAttribute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'price'</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="n">doc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expandNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">toxml</span><span class="p">())</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">event</span></code> 是一个常量，可以取下列值之一:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START_ELEMENT</span></code></p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">END_ELEMENT</span></code></p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">COMMENT</span></code></p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START_DOCUMENT</span></code></p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">END_DOCUMENT</span></code></p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHARACTERS</span></code></p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION</span></code></p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IGNORABLE_WHITESPACE</span></code></p></li>
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</ul>
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<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">node</span></code> 是一个 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Document</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Element</span></code> 或 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Text</span></code> 类型的对象。</p>
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<p>由于文档是被当作“展平”的事件流来处理的，文档“树”会被隐式地遍历并且无论所需元素在树中的深度如何都会被找到。 换句话说，不需要考虑层级问题，例如文档节点的递归搜索等，但是如果元素的内容很重要，则有必要保留一些上下文相关的状态（例如记住任意给定点在文档中的位置）或者使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode" title="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMEventStream.expandNode()</span></code></a> 方法并切换到 DOM 相关的处理过程。</p>
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<dl class="class">
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<dt id="xml.dom.pulldom.PullDom">
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<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">xml.dom.pulldom.</code><code class="sig-name descname">PullDom</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">documentFactory=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.PullDom" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler" title="xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler</span></code></a> 的子类。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="class">
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<dt id="xml.dom.pulldom.SAX2DOM">
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<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">xml.dom.pulldom.</code><code class="sig-name descname">SAX2DOM</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">documentFactory=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.SAX2DOM" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler" title="xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler</span></code></a> 的子类。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="xml.dom.pulldom.parse">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">xml.dom.pulldom.</code><code class="sig-name descname">parse</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">stream_or_string</em>, <em class="sig-param">parser=None</em>, <em class="sig-param">bufsize=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.parse" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>基于给定的输入返回一个 <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream" title="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMEventStream</span></code></a>。 <em>stream_or_string</em> 可以是一个文件名，或是一个文件型对象。 <em>parser</em> 如果给出，则必须是一个 <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader" title="xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XMLReader</span></code></a> 对象。 此函数将改变解析器的文档处理程序并激活命名空间支持；其他解析器配置（例如设置实体解析器）必须在之前已完成。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<p>如果你将 XML 存放为字符串形式，则可以改用 <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.parseString" title="xml.dom.pulldom.parseString"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseString()</span></code></a> 函数:</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="xml.dom.pulldom.parseString">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">xml.dom.pulldom.</code><code class="sig-name descname">parseString</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">string</em>, <em class="sig-param">parser=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.parseString" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回一个 <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream" title="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMEventStream</span></code></a> 来表示 (Unicode) <em>string</em>。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="data">
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<dt id="xml.dom.pulldom.default_bufsize">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">xml.dom.pulldom.</code><code class="sig-name descname">default_bufsize</code><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.default_bufsize" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>将 <em>bufsize</em> 形参的默认值设为 <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.parse" title="xml.dom.pulldom.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a>。</p>
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<p>此变量的值可在调用 <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.parse" title="xml.dom.pulldom.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a> 之前修改并使新值生效。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<section id="domeventstream-objects">
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<span id="id1"></span><h2>DOMEventStream 对象<a class="headerlink" href="#domeventstream-objects" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
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<dl class="class">
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<dt id="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream">
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<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">xml.dom.pulldom.</code><code class="sig-name descname">DOMEventStream</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">stream</em>, <em class="sig-param">parser</em>, <em class="sig-param">bufsize</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><div class="deprecated">
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<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">3.8 版后已移除: </span>对 <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__getitem__" title="object.__getitem__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">序列协议</span></code></a> 的支持已被弃用。</p>
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</div>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.getEvent">
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<code class="sig-name descname">getEvent</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.getEvent" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回一个元组，其中包含 <em>event</em> 和 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Document</span></code> 形式的当前 <em>node</em> 如果 event 等于 <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START_DOCUMENT</span></code>，包含 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Element</span></code> 如果 event 等于 <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START_ELEMENT</span></code> 或 <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">END_ELEMENT</span></code> 或者 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Text</span></code> 如果 event 等于 <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHARACTERS</span></code>。 当前 node 不包含有关其子节点的信息，除非 <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode" title="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">expandNode()</span></code></a> 被调用。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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|
<dt id="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode">
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<code class="sig-name descname">expandNode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">node</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.expandNode" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>将 <em>node</em> 的所有子节点扩展到 <em>node</em> 中。 例如:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span>
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<span class="n">xml</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'<html><title>Foo</title> <p>Some text <div>and more</div></p> </html>'</span>
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|
<span class="n">doc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parseString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xml</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">doc</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">pulldom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">START_ELEMENT</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tagName</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'p'</span><span class="p">:</span>
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|
<span class="c1"># Following statement only prints '<p/>'</span>
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<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">toxml</span><span class="p">())</span>
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<span class="n">doc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expandNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span>
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|
<span class="c1"># Following statement prints node with all its children '<p>Some text <div>and more</div></p>'</span>
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|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">toxml</span><span class="p">())</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.reset">
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<code class="sig-name descname">reset</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream.reset" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd></dd></dl>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom</span></code> --- 支持构建部分 DOM 树</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#domeventstream-objects">DOMEventStream 对象</a></li>
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