638 lines
34 KiB
HTML
638 lines
34 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>泛型数学</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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</head>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-c_numeric_tgmath skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">泛型数学</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="c.html">c</a>‎ | <a href="c-numeric.html">numeric</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<p>头文件 <code><tgmath.h></code> 包含头文件 <code><math.h></code> 及 <code><complex.h></code> ，并定义了几种泛型宏。这些宏会根据参数类型决定要调用的实际函数。</p>
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<p>对于每个宏，在<code><math.h></code>无后缀版函数中，所对应的实数类型为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> 的参数，即是所谓的<i>泛型参数</i>。（例如，<span class="t-lc"><a href="c-numeric-math-pow.html">pow</a></span>的两个参数都是泛型参数，但<span class="t-lc"><a href="c-numeric-math-scalbn.html">scalbn</a></span>只有第一个参数是泛型参数）</p>
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<p>如下所述，使用 <code><tgmath.h></code> 宏时，传递给泛型参数的参数类型，会决定宏所选择的参数。若参数的类型与所选函数的参数类型不<a href="c-language-type.html#.E5.85.BC.E5.AE.B9.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B" class="mw-redirect">兼容</a>，则行为未定义。（例如，若将复数参数传入实数限定的 tgmath 宏： <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">float</span> <a href="c-numeric-complex-complex.html"><span class="kw743">complex</span></a> fc<span class="sy4">;</span> <a href="c-numeric-math-ceil.html"><span class="kw686">ceil</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>fc<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 或 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span> <a href="c-numeric-complex-complex.html"><span class="kw743">complex</span></a> dc<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> d<span class="sy4">;</span> <a href="c-numeric-math-fmax.html"><span class="kw651">fmax</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>dc, d<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 就是未定义行为的例子）</p>
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<p>注意：泛型宏在 C99 中曾以实现定义行为实现，但 C11 关键词 <a href="c-keyword-_Generic.html">_Generic</a> 使得以可移植方式实现这些宏成为可能。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.A4.8D.E6.95.B0.2F.E5.AE.9E.E6.95.B0.E6.B3.9B.E5.9E.8B.E5.AE.8F">复数/实数泛型宏</span></h3>
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<p>对于所有拥有实数及复数对应的函数，存在泛型宏，调用下列函数之一：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>实数函数：</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">float</span></span></span> 变体 <code>XXXf</code></li>
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<li><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> 变体 <code>XXX</code></li>
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<li><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> 变体 <code>XXXl</code></li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<ul>
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<li>复数函数：</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">float</span></span></span> 变体 <code>cXXXf</code></li>
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<li><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> 变体 <code>cXXX</code></li>
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<li><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> 变体 <code>cXXXl</code></li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>上述规则的一个例外是 <code>fabs</code> 宏（见下表）。</p>
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<p>调用的函数按以下方式决定：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>若泛型参数的任一参数为虚数，则行为会在每个函数参考页面上各自指定。（具体而言， <code>sin</code> 、 <code>cos</code> 、 <code>tan</code> 、 <code>sinh</code> 、 <code>cosh</code> 、 <code>tanh</code> 、 <code>asin</code> 、 <code>atan</code> 、 <code>asinh</code> 及 <code>atanh</code> 调用<i>实数</i>函数， <code>sin</code> 、 <code>cos</code> 、 <code>tan</code> 、 <code>sinh</code> 、 <code>tanh</code> 、 <code>asin</code> 、 <code>atan</code> 、 <code>asinh</code> 及 <code>atanh</code> 的返回类型是虚数，而 <code>cosh</code> 与 <code>cosh</code> 的返回类型是实数）</li>
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<li>若泛型参数的任一参数为复数，则复数函数会得到调用，否则会调用实数函数。</li>
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<li>若泛型参数的任一参数为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> ，则调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> 变体。否则，若任一参数是 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> 或整数，则调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> 变体。否则会调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">float</span></span></span> 变体。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>泛型宏如下所示：</p>
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<table class="wikitable">
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<tr>
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<th>泛型宏</th>
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<th colspan="3">实数函数变体</th>
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<th colspan="3">复数函数变体</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th style="height: 8em;"> </th>
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<th>
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<div class="t-vertical">
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<div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">float</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</th>
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<th>
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<div class="t-vertical">
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<div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</th>
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<th>
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<div class="t-vertical">
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<div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</th>
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<th>
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<div class="t-vertical">
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<div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">float</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</th>
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<th>
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<div class="t-vertical">
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<div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</th>
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<th>
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<div class="t-vertical">
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<div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>fabs</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fabs.html"><tt>fabsf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fabs.html"><tt>fabs</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fabs.html"><tt>fabsl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cabs.html"><tt>cabsf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cabs.html"><tt>cabs</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cabs.html"><tt>cabsl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>exp</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-exp.html"><tt>expf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-exp.html"><tt>exp</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-exp.html"><tt>expl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cexp.html"><tt>cexpf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cexp.html"><tt>cexp</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cexp.html"><tt>cexpl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>log</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-log.html"><tt>logf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-log.html"><tt>log</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-log.html"><tt>logl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-clog.html"><tt>clogf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-clog.html"><tt>clog</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-clog.html"><tt>clogl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>pow</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-pow.html"><tt>powf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-pow.html"><tt>pow</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-pow.html"><tt>powl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cpow.html"><tt>cpowf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cpow.html"><tt>cpow</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cpow.html"><tt>cpowl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>sqrt</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-sqrt.html"><tt>sqrtf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-sqrt.html"><tt>sqrt</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-sqrt.html"><tt>sqrtl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-csqrt.html"><tt>csqrtf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-csqrt.html"><tt>csqrt</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-csqrt.html"><tt>csqrtl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>sin</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-sin.html"><tt>sinf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-sin.html"><tt>sin</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-sin.html"><tt>sinl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-csin.html"><tt>csinf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-csin.html"><tt>csin</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-csin.html"><tt>csinl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>cos</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-cos.html"><tt>cosf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-cos.html"><tt>cos</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-cos.html"><tt>cosl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-ccos.html"><tt>ccosf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-ccos.html"><tt>ccos</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-ccos.html"><tt>ccosl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>tan</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-tan.html"><tt>tanf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-tan.html"><tt>tan</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-tan.html"><tt>tanl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-ctan.html"><tt>ctanf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-ctan.html"><tt>ctan</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-ctan.html"><tt>ctanl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>asin</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-asin.html"><tt>asinf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-asin.html"><tt>asin</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-asin.html"><tt>asinl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-casin.html"><tt>casinf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-casin.html"><tt>casin</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-casin.html"><tt>casinl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>acos</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-acos.html"><tt>acosf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-acos.html"><tt>acos</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-acos.html"><tt>acosl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cacos.html"><tt>cacosf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cacos.html"><tt>cacos</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cacos.html"><tt>cacosl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>atan</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-atan.html"><tt>atanf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-atan.html"><tt>atan</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-atan.html"><tt>atanl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-catan.html"><tt>catanf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-catan.html"><tt>catan</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-catan.html"><tt>catanl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>sinh</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-sinh.html"><tt>sinhf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-sinh.html"><tt>sinh</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-sinh.html"><tt>sinhl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-csinh.html"><tt>csinhf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-csinh.html"><tt>csinh</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-csinh.html"><tt>csinhl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>cosh</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-cosh.html"><tt>coshf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-cosh.html"><tt>cosh</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-cosh.html"><tt>coshl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-ccosh.html"><tt>ccoshf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-ccosh.html"><tt>ccosh</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-ccosh.html"><tt>ccoshl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>tanh</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-tanh.html"><tt>tanhf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-tanh.html"><tt>tanh</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-tanh.html"><tt>tanhl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-ctanh.html"><tt>ctanhf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-ctanh.html"><tt>ctanh</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-ctanh.html"><tt>ctanhl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>asinh</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-asinh.html"><tt>asinhf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-asinh.html"><tt>asinh</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-asinh.html"><tt>asinhl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-casinh.html"><tt>casinhf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-casinh.html"><tt>casinh</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-casinh.html"><tt>casinhl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>acosh</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-acosh.html"><tt>acoshf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-acosh.html"><tt>acosh</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-acosh.html"><tt>acoshl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cacosh.html"><tt>cacoshf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cacosh.html"><tt>cacosh</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cacosh.html"><tt>cacoshl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>atanh</th>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-atanh.html"><tt>atanhf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-atanh.html"><tt>atanh</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-math-atanh.html"><tt>atanhl</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-catanh.html"><tt>catanhf</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-catanh.html"><tt>catanh</tt></a></td>
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<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-catanh.html"><tt>catanhl</tt></a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.AE.9E.E6.95.B0.E9.99.90.E5.AE.9A.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">实数限定函数</span></h3>
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<p>对于所有无复数对应的函数，除 <code>modf</code> 外都存在泛型宏 <code>XXX</code> ，它会调用实数函数变体的中的一种：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">float</span></span></span> 变体 <code>XXXf</code></li>
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<li><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> 变体 <code>XXX</code></li>
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<li><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> 变体 <code>XXXl</code></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>以下列方式确定调用的函数：</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>若泛型参数的任一参数为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> ，则调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> 变体。否则，若泛型参数的任一参数是 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> ，则调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> 变体。否则调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">float</span></span></span> 变体。</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<table class="wikitable">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>泛型宏</th>
|
|
<th colspan="3">实数函数变体</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th style="height: 8em;"> </th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<div class="t-vertical">
|
|
<div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">float</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<div class="t-vertical">
|
|
<div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<div class="t-vertical">
|
|
<div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>atan2</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-atan2.html"><tt>atan2f</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-atan2.html"><tt>atan2</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-atan2.html"><tt>atan2l</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>cbrt</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-cbrt.html"><tt>cbrtf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-cbrt.html"><tt>cbrt</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-cbrt.html"><tt>cbrtl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>ceil</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-ceil.html"><tt>ceilf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-ceil.html"><tt>ceil</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-ceil.html"><tt>ceill</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>copysign</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-copysign.html"><tt>copysignf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-copysign.html"><tt>copysign</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-copysign.html"><tt>copysignl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>erf</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-erf.html"><tt>erff</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-erf.html"><tt>erf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-erf.html"><tt>erfl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>erfc</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-erfc.html"><tt>erfcf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-erfc.html"><tt>erfc</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-erfc.html"><tt>erfcl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>exp2</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-exp2.html"><tt>exp2f</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-exp2.html"><tt>exp2</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-exp2.html"><tt>exp2l</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>expm1</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-expm1.html"><tt>expm1f</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-expm1.html"><tt>expm1</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-expm1.html"><tt>expm1l</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>fdim</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fdim.html"><tt>fdimf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fdim.html"><tt>fdim</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fdim.html"><tt>fdiml</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>floor</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-floor.html"><tt>floorf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-floor.html"><tt>floor</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-floor.html"><tt>floorl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>fma</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fma.html"><tt>fmaf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fma.html"><tt>fma</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fma.html"><tt>fmal</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>fmax</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fmax.html"><tt>fmaxf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fmax.html"><tt>fmax</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fmax.html"><tt>fmaxl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>fmin</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fmin.html"><tt>fminf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fmin.html"><tt>fmin</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fmin.html"><tt>fminl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>fmod</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fmod.html"><tt>fmodf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fmod.html"><tt>fmod</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-fmod.html"><tt>fmodl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>frexp</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-frexp.html"><tt>frexpf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-frexp.html"><tt>frexp</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-frexp.html"><tt>frexpl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>hypot</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-hypot.html"><tt>hypotf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-hypot.html"><tt>hypot</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-hypot.html"><tt>hypotl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>ilogb</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-ilogb.html"><tt>ilogbf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-ilogb.html"><tt>ilogb</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-ilogb.html"><tt>ilogbl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>ldexp</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-ldexp.html"><tt>ldexpf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-ldexp.html"><tt>ldexp</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-ldexp.html"><tt>ldexpl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>lgamma</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-lgamma.html"><tt>lgammaf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-lgamma.html"><tt>lgamma</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-lgamma.html"><tt>lgammal</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>llrint</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-rint.html"><tt>llrintf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-rint.html"><tt>llrint</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-rint.html"><tt>llrintl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>llround</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-round.html"><tt>llroundf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-round.html"><tt>llround</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-round.html"><tt>llroundl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>log10</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-log10.html"><tt>log10f</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-log10.html"><tt>log10</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-log10.html"><tt>log10l</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>log1p</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-log1p.html"><tt>log1pf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-log1p.html"><tt>log1p</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-log1p.html"><tt>log1pl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>log2</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-log2.html"><tt>log2f</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-log2.html"><tt>log2</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-log2.html"><tt>log2l</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>logb</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-logb.html"><tt>logbf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-logb.html"><tt>logb</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-logb.html"><tt>logbl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>lrint</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-rint.html"><tt>lrintf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-rint.html"><tt>lrint</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-rint.html"><tt>lrintl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>lround</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-round.html"><tt>lroundf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-round.html"><tt>lround</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-round.html"><tt>lroundl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>nearbyint</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-nearbyint.html"><tt>nearbyintf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-nearbyint.html"><tt>nearbyint</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-nearbyint.html"><tt>nearbyintl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>nextafter</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-nextafter.html"><tt>nextafterf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-nextafter.html"><tt>nextafter</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-nextafter.html"><tt>nextafterl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>nexttoward</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-nextafter.html"><tt>nexttowardf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-nextafter.html"><tt>nexttoward</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-nextafter.html"><tt>nexttowardl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>remainder</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-remainder.html"><tt>remainderf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-remainder.html"><tt>remainder</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-remainder.html"><tt>remainderl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>remquo</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-remquo.html"><tt>remquof</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-remquo.html"><tt>remquo</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-remquo.html"><tt>remquol</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>rint</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-rint.html"><tt>rintf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-rint.html"><tt>rint</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-rint.html"><tt>rintl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>round</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-round.html"><tt>roundf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-round.html"><tt>round</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-round.html"><tt>roundl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>scalbln</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-scalbn.html"><tt>scalblnf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-scalbn.html"><tt>scalbln</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-scalbn.html"><tt>scalblnl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>scalbn</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-scalbn.html"><tt>scalbnf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-scalbn.html"><tt>scalbn</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-scalbn.html"><tt>scalbnl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>tgamma</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-tgamma.html"><tt>tgammaf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-tgamma.html"><tt>tgamma</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-tgamma.html"><tt>tgammal</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>trunc</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-trunc.html"><tt>truncf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-trunc.html"><tt>trunc</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-math-trunc.html"><tt>truncl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.A4.8D.E6.95.B0.E9.99.90.E5.AE.9A.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">复数限定函数</span></h3>
|
|
<p>对于所有没有实数对应的复数函数，存在泛型宏 <code>cXXX</code> ，它会调用复数函数的变体：</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">float</span> <a href="c-numeric-complex-complex.html"><span class="kw743">complex</span></a></span></span> 变体 <code>cXXXf</code></li>
|
|
<li><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span> <a href="c-numeric-complex-complex.html"><span class="kw743">complex</span></a></span></span> 变体 <code>cXXX</code></li>
|
|
<li><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> <a href="c-numeric-complex-complex.html"><span class="kw743">complex</span></a></span></span> 变体 <code>cXXXl</code></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>调用的函数按以下方式决定：</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>若泛型参数的任一参数为实数、复数或虚数，则调用适当的复数函数。</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<table class="wikitable">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>泛型宏</th>
|
|
<th colspan="3">复数函数变体</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th style="height: 8em;"> </th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<div class="t-vertical">
|
|
<div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">float</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<div class="t-vertical">
|
|
<div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<div class="t-vertical">
|
|
<div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>carg</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-carg.html"><tt>cargf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-carg.html"><tt>carg</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-carg.html"><tt>cargl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>conj</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-conj.html"><tt>conjf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-conj.html"><tt>conj</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-conj.html"><tt>conjl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>creal</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-creal.html"><tt>crealf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-creal.html"><tt>creal</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-creal.html"><tt>creall</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>cimag</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cimag.html"><tt>cimagf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cimag.html"><tt>cimag</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cimag.html"><tt>cimagl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>cproj</th>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cproj.html"><tt>cprojf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cproj.html"><tt>cproj</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td><a href="c-numeric-complex-cproj.html"><tt>cprojl</tt></a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="c source-c">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <stdio.h></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <tgmath.h></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> i <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">2</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"sqrt(2) = %f<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <a href="c-numeric-math-sqrt.html"><span class="kw665">sqrt</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>i<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 参数类型为 int，调用 sqrt</span>
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<span class="kw4">float</span> f <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu16">0.5</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"sin(0.5f) = %f<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <a href="c-numeric-math-sin.html"><span class="kw669">sin</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>f<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 参数类型为 float，调用 sinf</span>
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<span class="kw4">float</span> <a href="c-numeric-complex-complex.html"><span class="kw743">complex</span></a> dc <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> <span class="nu16">0.5</span><span class="sy2">*</span>I<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">float</span> <a href="c-numeric-complex-complex.html"><span class="kw743">complex</span></a> z <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="c-numeric-math-sqrt.html"><span class="kw665">sqrt</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>dc<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 参数类型为 float complex，调用 csqrtf</span>
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<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"sqrt(1 + 0.5i) = %f+%fi<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>,
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<a href="c-numeric-complex-creal.html"><span class="kw754">creal</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>z<span class="br0">)</span>, <span class="co1">// 参数类型为 float complex ，调用 crealf</span>
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<a href="c-numeric-complex-cimag.html"><span class="kw751">cimag</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>z<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 参数类型为 float complex ，调用 cimagf</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">sqrt(2) = 1.414214
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sin(0.5f) = 0.479426
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sqrt(1 + 0.5i) = 1.029086+0.242934i</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8">引用</span></h3>
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<div class="t-ref-std-11">
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<ul>
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<li>C11 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:2011）：</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>7.25 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 373-375)</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
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<ul>
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<li>C99 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:1999）：</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>7.22 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 335-337)</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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