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<section id="common-object-structures">
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<span id="common-structs"></span><h1>公用对象的结构<a class="headerlink" href="#common-object-structures" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p>大量的结构体被用于定义Python的对象类型。这一节描述了这些的结构体和它们的使用方法。</p>
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<p>所有的 Python 对象都在对象的内存表示的开始部分共享少量的字段。 这些字段用 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyVarObject" title="PyVarObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyVarObject</span></code></a> 类型来表示，这些类型又由一些宏定义，这些宏也直接或间接地用于所有其他 Python 对象的定义。</p>
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<dl class="type">
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<dt id="c.PyObject">
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<code class="sig-name descname">PyObject</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>All object types are extensions of this type. This is a type which
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contains the information Python needs to treat a pointer to an object as an
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object. In a normal "release" build, it contains only the object's
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reference count and a pointer to the corresponding type object.
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Nothing is actually declared to be a <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></code></a>, but every pointer
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to a Python object can be cast to a <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject*</span></code></a>. Access to the
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members must be done by using the macros <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_REFCNT" title="Py_REFCNT"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_REFCNT</span></code></a> and
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<a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_TYPE" title="Py_TYPE"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_TYPE</span></code></a>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="type">
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<dt id="c.PyVarObject">
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<code class="sig-name descname">PyVarObject</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyVarObject" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>This is an extension of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></code></a> that adds the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ob_size</span></code>
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field. This is only used for objects that have some notion of <em>length</em>.
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This type does not often appear in the Python/C API.
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Access to the members must be done by using the macros
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<a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_REFCNT" title="Py_REFCNT"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_REFCNT</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_TYPE" title="Py_TYPE"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_TYPE</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_SIZE" title="Py_SIZE"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_SIZE</span></code></a>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="macro">
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<dt id="c.PyObject_HEAD">
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<code class="sig-name descname">PyObject_HEAD</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_HEAD" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>This is a macro used when declaring new types which represent objects
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without a varying length. The PyObject_HEAD macro expands to:</p>
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<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ob_base</span><span class="p">;</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>See documentation of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></code></a> above.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="macro">
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<dt id="c.PyObject_VAR_HEAD">
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<code class="sig-name descname">PyObject_VAR_HEAD</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_VAR_HEAD" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>This is a macro used when declaring new types which represent objects
|
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with a length that varies from instance to instance.
|
|
The PyObject_VAR_HEAD macro expands to:</p>
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<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">PyVarObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ob_base</span><span class="p">;</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>参见上面 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyVarObject" title="PyVarObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyVarObject</span></code></a> 的文档。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="macro">
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<dt id="c.Py_TYPE">
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<code class="sig-name descname">Py_TYPE</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>o<span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_TYPE" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>This macro is used to access the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ob_type</span></code> member of a Python object.
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It expands to:</p>
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<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(((</span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">ob_type</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
|
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<dl class="macro">
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<dt id="c.Py_REFCNT">
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<code class="sig-name descname">Py_REFCNT</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>o<span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_REFCNT" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>This macro is used to access the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ob_refcnt</span></code> member of a Python
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object.
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It expands to:</p>
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<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(((</span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">ob_refcnt</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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</pre></div>
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</div>
|
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="macro">
|
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<dt id="c.Py_SIZE">
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<code class="sig-name descname">Py_SIZE</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>o<span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_SIZE" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>This macro is used to access the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ob_size</span></code> member of a Python object.
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It expands to:</p>
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<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(((</span><span class="n">PyVarObject</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">ob_size</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="macro">
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<dt id="c.PyObject_HEAD_INIT">
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<code class="sig-name descname">PyObject_HEAD_INIT</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>type<span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyObject_HEAD_INIT" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>This is a macro which expands to initialization values for a new
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></code></a> type. This macro expands to:</p>
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|
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">_PyObject_EXTRA_INIT</span>
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|
<span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">type</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
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</pre></div>
|
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</div>
|
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</dd></dl>
|
|
|
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<dl class="macro">
|
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<dt id="c.PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT">
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<code class="sig-name descname">PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>type, size<span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
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<dd><p>This is a macro which expands to initialization values for a new
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyVarObject" title="PyVarObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyVarObject</span></code></a> type, including the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ob_size</span></code> field.
|
|
This macro expands to:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">_PyObject_EXTRA_INIT</span>
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|
<span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
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</pre></div>
|
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</div>
|
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</dd></dl>
|
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|
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<dl class="type">
|
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<dt id="c.PyCFunction">
|
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<code class="sig-name descname">PyCFunction</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCFunction" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Type of the functions used to implement most Python callables in C.
|
|
Functions of this type take two <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject*</span></code></a> parameters and return
|
|
one such value. If the return value is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, an exception shall have
|
|
been set. If not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, the return value is interpreted as the return
|
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value of the function as exposed in Python. The function must return a new
|
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reference.</p>
|
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</dd></dl>
|
|
|
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<dl class="type">
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<dt id="c.PyCFunctionWithKeywords">
|
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<code class="sig-name descname">PyCFunctionWithKeywords</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCFunctionWithKeywords" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Type of the functions used to implement Python callables in C
|
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with signature <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">METH_VARARGS</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">METH_KEYWORDS</span></code>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="type">
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<dt id="c._PyCFunctionFast">
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<code class="sig-name descname">_PyCFunctionFast</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c._PyCFunctionFast" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Type of the functions used to implement Python callables in C
|
|
with signature <a class="reference internal" href="#METH_FASTCALL" title="METH_FASTCALL"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">METH_FASTCALL</span></code></a>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="type">
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<dt id="c._PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords">
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<code class="sig-name descname">_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c._PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Type of the functions used to implement Python callables in C
|
|
with signature <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">METH_FASTCALL</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">METH_KEYWORDS</span></code>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="type">
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<dt id="c.PyMethodDef">
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<code class="sig-name descname">PyMethodDef</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyMethodDef" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Structure used to describe a method of an extension type. This structure has
|
|
four fields:</p>
|
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<table class="docutils align-default">
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 28%" />
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<col style="width: 23%" />
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<col style="width: 48%" />
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</colgroup>
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<thead>
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|
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>域</p></th>
|
|
<th class="head"><p>C 类型</p></th>
|
|
<th class="head"><p>含义</p></th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ml_name</span></code></p></td>
|
|
<td><p>const char *</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>name of the method</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ml_meth</span></code></p></td>
|
|
<td><p>PyCFunction</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>pointer to the C
|
|
implementation</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ml_flags</span></code></p></td>
|
|
<td><p>int</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>flag bits indicating how the
|
|
call should be constructed</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ml_doc</span></code></p></td>
|
|
<td><p>const char *</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>points to the contents of the
|
|
docstring</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ml_meth</span></code> is a C function pointer. The functions may be of different
|
|
types, but they always return <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject*</span></code></a>. If the function is not of
|
|
the <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCFunction" title="PyCFunction"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCFunction</span></code></a>, the compiler will require a cast in the method table.
|
|
Even though <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCFunction" title="PyCFunction"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCFunction</span></code></a> defines the first parameter as
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject*</span></code></a>, it is common that the method implementation uses the
|
|
specific C type of the <em>self</em> object.</p>
|
|
<p>The <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ml_flags</span></code> field is a bitfield which can include the following flags.
|
|
The individual flags indicate either a calling convention or a binding
|
|
convention.</p>
|
|
<p>There are four basic calling conventions for positional arguments
|
|
and two of them can be combined with <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">METH_KEYWORDS</span></code> to support
|
|
also keyword arguments. So there are a total of 6 calling conventions:</p>
|
|
<dl class="data">
|
|
<dt id="METH_VARARGS">
|
|
<code class="sig-name descname">METH_VARARGS</code><a class="headerlink" href="#METH_VARARGS" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>This is the typical calling convention, where the methods have the type
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCFunction" title="PyCFunction"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCFunction</span></code></a>. The function expects two <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject*</span></code></a> values.
|
|
The first one is the <em>self</em> object for methods; for module functions, it is
|
|
the module object. The second parameter (often called <em>args</em>) is a tuple
|
|
object representing all arguments. This parameter is typically processed
|
|
using <a class="reference internal" href="arg.html#c.PyArg_ParseTuple" title="PyArg_ParseTuple"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTuple()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="arg.html#c.PyArg_UnpackTuple" title="PyArg_UnpackTuple"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_UnpackTuple()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl class="data">
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<code class="sig-name descname">METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Methods with these flags must be of type <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCFunctionWithKeywords" title="PyCFunctionWithKeywords"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCFunctionWithKeywords</span></code></a>.
|
|
The function expects three parameters: <em>self</em>, <em>args</em>, <em>kwargs</em> where
|
|
<em>kwargs</em> is a dictionary of all the keyword arguments or possibly <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>
|
|
if there are no keyword arguments. The parameters are typically processed
|
|
using <a class="reference internal" href="arg.html#c.PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords" title="PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl class="data">
|
|
<dt id="METH_FASTCALL">
|
|
<code class="sig-name descname">METH_FASTCALL</code><a class="headerlink" href="#METH_FASTCALL" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Fast calling convention supporting only positional arguments.
|
|
The methods have the type <a class="reference internal" href="#c._PyCFunctionFast" title="_PyCFunctionFast"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyCFunctionFast</span></code></a>.
|
|
The first parameter is <em>self</em>, the second parameter is a C array
|
|
of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject*</span></code></a> values indicating the arguments and the third
|
|
parameter is the number of arguments (the length of the array).</p>
|
|
<p>This is not part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">limited API</span></a>.</p>
|
|
<div class="versionadded">
|
|
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.7 新版功能.</span></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl class="data">
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<code class="sig-name descname">METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Extension of <a class="reference internal" href="#METH_FASTCALL" title="METH_FASTCALL"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">METH_FASTCALL</span></code></a> supporting also keyword arguments,
|
|
with methods of type <a class="reference internal" href="#c._PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords" title="_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords</span></code></a>.
|
|
Keyword arguments are passed the same way as in the vectorcall protocol:
|
|
there is an additional fourth <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject*</span></code></a> parameter
|
|
which is a tuple representing the names of the keyword arguments
|
|
or possibly <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> if there are no keywords. The values of the keyword
|
|
arguments are stored in the <em>args</em> array, after the positional arguments.</p>
|
|
<p>This is not part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">limited API</span></a>.</p>
|
|
<div class="versionadded">
|
|
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.7 新版功能.</span></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl class="data">
|
|
<dt id="METH_NOARGS">
|
|
<code class="sig-name descname">METH_NOARGS</code><a class="headerlink" href="#METH_NOARGS" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Methods without parameters don't need to check whether arguments are given if
|
|
they are listed with the <a class="reference internal" href="#METH_NOARGS" title="METH_NOARGS"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">METH_NOARGS</span></code></a> flag. They need to be of type
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCFunction" title="PyCFunction"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCFunction</span></code></a>. The first parameter is typically named <em>self</em> and will
|
|
hold a reference to the module or object instance. In all cases the second
|
|
parameter will be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.</p>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl class="data">
|
|
<dt id="METH_O">
|
|
<code class="sig-name descname">METH_O</code><a class="headerlink" href="#METH_O" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Methods with a single object argument can be listed with the <a class="reference internal" href="#METH_O" title="METH_O"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">METH_O</span></code></a>
|
|
flag, instead of invoking <a class="reference internal" href="arg.html#c.PyArg_ParseTuple" title="PyArg_ParseTuple"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTuple()</span></code></a> with a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"O"</span></code> argument.
|
|
They have the type <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCFunction" title="PyCFunction"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCFunction</span></code></a>, with the <em>self</em> parameter, and a
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject*</span></code></a> parameter representing the single argument.</p>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<p>These two constants are not used to indicate the calling convention but the
|
|
binding when use with methods of classes. These may not be used for functions
|
|
defined for modules. At most one of these flags may be set for any given
|
|
method.</p>
|
|
<dl class="data">
|
|
<dt id="METH_CLASS">
|
|
<code class="sig-name descname">METH_CLASS</code><a class="headerlink" href="#METH_CLASS" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p id="index-0">The method will be passed the type object as the first parameter rather
|
|
than an instance of the type. This is used to create <em>class methods</em>,
|
|
similar to what is created when using the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#classmethod" title="classmethod"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">classmethod()</span></code></a> built-in
|
|
function.</p>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl class="data">
|
|
<dt id="METH_STATIC">
|
|
<code class="sig-name descname">METH_STATIC</code><a class="headerlink" href="#METH_STATIC" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p id="index-1">The method will be passed <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> as the first parameter rather than an
|
|
instance of the type. This is used to create <em>static methods</em>, similar to
|
|
what is created when using the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#staticmethod" title="staticmethod"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">staticmethod()</span></code></a> built-in function.</p>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<p>One other constant controls whether a method is loaded in place of another
|
|
definition with the same method name.</p>
|
|
<dl class="data">
|
|
<dt id="METH_COEXIST">
|
|
<code class="sig-name descname">METH_COEXIST</code><a class="headerlink" href="#METH_COEXIST" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The method will be loaded in place of existing definitions. Without
|
|
<em>METH_COEXIST</em>, the default is to skip repeated definitions. Since slot
|
|
wrappers are loaded before the method table, the existence of a
|
|
<em>sq_contains</em> slot, for example, would generate a wrapped method named
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__contains__" title="object.__contains__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__contains__()</span></code></a> and preclude the loading of a corresponding
|
|
PyCFunction with the same name. With the flag defined, the PyCFunction
|
|
will be loaded in place of the wrapper object and will co-exist with the
|
|
slot. This is helpful because calls to PyCFunctions are optimized more
|
|
than wrapper object calls.</p>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl class="type">
|
|
<dt id="c.PyMemberDef">
|
|
<code class="sig-name descname">PyMemberDef</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyMemberDef" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Structure which describes an attribute of a type which corresponds to a C
|
|
struct member. Its fields are:</p>
|
|
<table class="docutils align-default">
|
|
<colgroup>
|
|
<col style="width: 28%" />
|
|
<col style="width: 23%" />
|
|
<col style="width: 48%" />
|
|
</colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>域</p></th>
|
|
<th class="head"><p>C 类型</p></th>
|
|
<th class="head"><p>含义</p></th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code></p></td>
|
|
<td><p>const char *</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>name of the member</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">type</span></code></p></td>
|
|
<td><p>int</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>the type of the member in the
|
|
C struct</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">offset</span></code></p></td>
|
|
<td><p>Py_ssize_t</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>the offset in bytes that the
|
|
member is located on the
|
|
type's object struct</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">flags</span></code></p></td>
|
|
<td><p>int</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>flag bits indicating if the
|
|
field should be read-only or
|
|
writable</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">doc</span></code></p></td>
|
|
<td><p>const char *</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>points to the contents of the
|
|
docstring</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">type</span></code> can be one of many <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T_</span></code> macros corresponding to various C
|
|
types. When the member is accessed in Python, it will be converted to the
|
|
equivalent Python type.</p>
|
|
<table class="docutils align-default">
|
|
<colgroup>
|
|
<col style="width: 45%" />
|
|
<col style="width: 55%" />
|
|
</colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Macro name</p></th>
|
|
<th class="head"><p>C 类型</p></th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>T_SHORT</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>short</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>T_INT</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>int</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>T_LONG</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>长整型</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>T_FLOAT</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>float</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>T_DOUBLE</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>double</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>T_STRING</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>const char *</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>T_OBJECT</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>PyObject *</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>T_OBJECT_EX</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>PyObject *</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>T_CHAR</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>字符</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>T_BYTE</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>字符</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>T_UBYTE</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>unsigned char</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>T_UINT</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>unsigned int</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>T_USHORT</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>unsigned short</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>T_ULONG</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>unsigned long</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>T_BOOL</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>字符</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>T_LONGLONG</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>long long</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>T_ULONGLONG</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>unsigned long long</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>T_PYSSIZET</p></td>
|
|
<td><p>Py_ssize_t</p></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T_OBJECT</span></code> and <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T_OBJECT_EX</span></code> differ in that
|
|
<code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T_OBJECT</span></code> returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if the member is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> and
|
|
<code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T_OBJECT_EX</span></code> raises an <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#AttributeError" title="AttributeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AttributeError</span></code></a>. Try to use
|
|
<code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T_OBJECT_EX</span></code> over <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T_OBJECT</span></code> because <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T_OBJECT_EX</span></code>
|
|
handles use of the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/simple_stmts.html#del"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">del</span></code></a> statement on that attribute more correctly
|
|
than <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T_OBJECT</span></code>.</p>
|
|
<p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">flags</span></code> can be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> for write and read access or <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">READONLY</span></code> for
|
|
read-only access. Using <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T_STRING</span></code> for <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#type" title="type"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">type</span></code></a> implies
|
|
<code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">READONLY</span></code>. <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T_STRING</span></code> data is interpreted as UTF-8.
|
|
Only <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T_OBJECT</span></code> and <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T_OBJECT_EX</span></code>
|
|
members can be deleted. (They are set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>).</p>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl class="type">
|
|
<dt id="c.PyGetSetDef">
|
|
<code class="sig-name descname">PyGetSetDef</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyGetSetDef" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Structure to define property-like access for a type. See also description of
|
|
the <a class="reference internal" href="typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_getset" title="PyTypeObject.tp_getset"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject.tp_getset</span></code></a> slot.</p>
|
|
<table class="docutils align-default">
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 20%" />
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<col style="width: 27%" />
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<col style="width: 53%" />
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</colgroup>
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<thead>
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<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>域</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>C 类型</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>含义</p></th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>名称</p></td>
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<td><p>const char *</p></td>
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<td><p>attribute name</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>get</p></td>
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<td><p>getter</p></td>
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<td><p>C Function to get the attribute</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>set</p></td>
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<td><p>setter</p></td>
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<td><p>optional C function to set or
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delete the attribute, if omitted
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the attribute is readonly</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>doc</p></td>
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<td><p>const char *</p></td>
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<td><p>optional docstring</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>closure</p></td>
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<td><p>void *</p></td>
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<td><p>optional function pointer,
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providing additional data for
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getter and setter</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get</span></code> function takes one <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject*</span></code></a> parameter (the
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instance) and a function pointer (the associated <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">closure</span></code>):</p>
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<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">getter</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">);</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>It should return a new reference on success or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> with a set exception
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on failure.</p>
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<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set</span></code> functions take two <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject*</span></code></a> parameters (the instance and
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the value to be set) and a function pointer (the associated <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">closure</span></code>):</p>
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<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">setter</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">);</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>In case the attribute should be deleted the second parameter is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.
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Should return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> on success or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> with a set exception on failure.</p>
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最后更新于 12月 09, 2024.
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