162 lines
14 KiB
HTML
162 lines
14 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>setlocale</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-c_locale_setlocale skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">setlocale</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="c.html">c</a>‎ | <a href="c-locale.html">locale</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><locale.h></code></div>
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<td></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> setlocale<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> category, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> locale<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td></td>
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<p><code>setlocale</code> 函数安装指定的系统本地环境或其一部分，作为新的 C 本地环境。修改保持效果，并影响所有关乎本地环境的 C 库函数执行，到下次调用 <code>setlocale</code> 为止。若 <code>locale</code> 为空指针，则 <code>setlocale</code> 查询当前 C 本地环境而不修改它。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>category</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>本地环境类别标识符， <a href="c-locale-LC_categories.html">LC_xxx</a> 宏之一。可为 0 。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>locale</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>系统限定的本地环境标识符。对于操作系统的环境支持字段为命令行“ locale -a ”的合法列出内容值，对于用户偏好的本地环境为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="st0">""</span></span></span> ，对于最小本地环境为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="st0">"C"</span></span></span> 。</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>指向窄空终止字符串的指针，它表示应用更改后的 C 本地环境，若存在。或在失败时为空指针。</p>
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<p>返回字符串的副本和到 <code>setlocale</code> 的此调用中所用的类别，可在程序的后面用来恢复本地环境到此调用结束时的状态。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">注解</span></h3>
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<p>程序启动过程中，运行任何用户代码前会执行 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">setlocale<span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-locale-LC_categories.html"><span class="kw903">LC_ALL</span></a>, <span class="st0">"C"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span> 的等价代码。</p>
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<p>尽管返回类型为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> ，修改被指向的字符是未定义行为。</p>
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<p>因为 <code>setlocale</code>修改影响依赖本地环境的函数执行的全局状态，故而一个线程调用它，同时另一个线程执行任何下列函数是未定义行为：<span class="t-lc"><a href="c-io-fprintf.html">fprintf</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-isprint.html">isprint</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-iswdigit.html">iswdigit</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-locale-localeconv.html">localeconv</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-tolower.html">tolower</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-io-fscanf.html">fscanf</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-ispunct.html">ispunct</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-iswgraph.html">iswgraph</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-multibyte-mblen.html">mblen</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-toupper.html">toupper</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-isalnum.html">isalnum</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-isspace.html">isspace</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-iswlower.html">iswlower</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-multibyte-mbstowcs.html">mbstowcs</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-towlower.html">towlower</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-isalpha.html">isalpha</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-isupper.html">isupper</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-iswprint.html">iswprint</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-multibyte-mbtowc.html">mbtowc</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-towupper.html">towupper</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-isblank.html">isblank</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-iswalnum.html">iswalnum</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-iswpunct.html">iswpunct</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">setlocale</strong></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-wcscoll.html">wcscoll</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-iscntrl.html">iscntrl</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-iswalpha.html">iswalpha</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-iswspace.html">iswspace</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-strcoll.html">strcoll</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-wcstof.html">wcstod</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-isdigit.html">isdigit</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-iswblank.html">iswblank</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-iswupper.html">iswupper</a></span>、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-strerror.html">strerror</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-multibyte-wcstombs.html">wcstombs</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-isgraph.html">isgraph</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-iswcntrl.html">iswcntrl</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-iswxdigit.html">iswxdigit</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-strtof.html">strtod</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-wcsxfrm.html">wcsxfrm</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-islower.html">islower</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-wide-iswctype.html">iswctype</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-string-byte-isxdigit.html">isxdigit</a></span> 。</p>
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<p>POSIX 亦定义名为 "POSIX" 的本地环境，它始终可访问，并准确等于默认的最小 "C" 本地环境。</p>
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<p>POSIX 亦指定后继的 <code>setlocale</code> 调用可以非法化返回的指针，而不仅是被指向的字符串内容。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="c source-c">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <stdio.h></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <locale.h></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <time.h></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <wchar.h></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="co1">// C 本地环境将为启用 UTF-8 的英文；</span>
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<span class="co1">// 小数点将为德文</span>
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<span class="co1">// 日期和时间格式将为日文</span>
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setlocale<span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-locale-LC_categories.html"><span class="kw903">LC_ALL</span></a>, <span class="st0">"en_US.UTF-8"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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setlocale<span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-locale-LC_categories.html"><span class="kw907">LC_NUMERIC</span></a>, <span class="st0">"de_DE"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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setlocale<span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-locale-LC_categories.html"><span class="kw908">LC_TIME</span></a>, <span class="st0">"ja_JP"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">wchar_t</span> str<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">100</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="c-chrono-time_t.html"><span class="kw524">time_t</span></a> t <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="c-chrono-time.html"><span class="kw513">time</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-types-NULL.html"><span class="kw103">NULL</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="c-chrono-wcsftime.html"><span class="kw518">wcsftime</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>str, <span class="nu0">100</span>, L<span class="st0">"%A %c"</span>, <a href="c-chrono-localtime.html"><span class="kw520">localtime</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&</span>t<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="c-io-fwprintf.html"><span class="kw865">wprintf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>L<span class="st0">"Number: %.2f<span class="es1">\n</span>Date: %ls<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="nu16">3.14</span>, str<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>可能的输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">Number: 3,14
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Date: 木曜日 2014年11月06日 09時58分56秒</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8">引用</span></h3>
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<div class="t-ref-std-17">
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<ul>
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<li>C17 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:2018）：</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>7.11.1.1 The setlocale function (p: 163-164)</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="t-ref-std-11">
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<ul>
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<li>C11 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:2011）：</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>7.11.1.1 The setlocale function (p: 224-225)</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
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<ul>
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<li>C99 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:1999）：</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>7.11.1.1 The setlocale function (p: 205-206)</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="t-ref-std-c89">
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<ul>
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<li>C89/C90 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:1990）：</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>4.4.1.1 The setlocale function</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="c-locale-LC_categories.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>LC_ALL</span><span>LC_COLLATE</span><span>LC_CTYPE</span><span>LC_MONETARY</span><span>LC_NUMERIC</span><span>LC_TIME</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">setlocale</span></span> 所用的本地环境类别<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(宏常量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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