374 lines
21 KiB
HTML
374 lines
21 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>原子操作库</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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</head>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_atomic skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">原子操作库</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<p>原子库为细粒度的原子操作提供组件，允许无锁并发编程。涉及同一对象的每个原子操作，相对于任何其他原子操作是不可分的。原子对象<a href="cpp-language-memory_model.html#.E7.BA.BF.E7.A8.8B.E4.B8.8E.E6.95.B0.E6.8D.AE.E7.AB.9E.E4.BA.89">不具有数据竞争</a>。</p>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-atomic.html"><atomic></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8E.9F.E5.AD.90.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B">原子类型</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>atomic 类模板及其针对布尔、整型和指针类型的特化<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_ref.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_ref</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>提供非原子对象上的原子操作<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8E.9F.E5.AD.90.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B.E4.B8.8A.E7.9A.84.E6.93.8D.E4.BD.9C">原子类型上的操作</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_is_lock_free.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_is_lock_free</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查对该原子类型的操作是否是无锁的<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_store.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_store</span><span>atomic_store_explicit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>原子地以非原子实参替换原子对象的值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_load.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_load</span><span>atomic_load_explicit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>原子地获得存储于原子对象的值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_exchange.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_exchange</span><span>atomic_exchange_explicit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>原子地以非原子实参的值替换原子对象的值，并返回该原子对象的旧值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_compare_exchange.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_compare_exchange_weak</span><span>atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit</span><span>atomic_compare_exchange_strong</span><span>atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>原子地比较原子对象和非原子实参的值，若相等则进行 atomic_exchange，若不相等则进行 atomic_load<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_fetch_add.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_fetch_add</span><span>atomic_fetch_add_explicit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>将非原子值加到原子对象，并获得原子对象的先前值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_fetch_sub.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_fetch_sub</span><span>atomic_fetch_sub_explicit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>从原子对象减去非原子值，并获得原子对象的先前值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_fetch_and.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_fetch_and</span><span>atomic_fetch_and_explicit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>将原子对象替换为与非原子实参逻辑与的结果，并获得原子对象的先前值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_fetch_or.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_fetch_or</span><span>atomic_fetch_or_explicit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>将原子对象替换为与非原子实参逻辑或的结果，并获得原子对象的先前值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_fetch_xor.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_fetch_xor</span><span>atomic_fetch_xor_explicit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>将原子对象替换为与非原子实参逻辑异或的结果，并获得原子对象的先前值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_wait.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_wait</span><span>atomic_wait_explicit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>阻塞线程直至被提醒且原子值更改<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_notify_one.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_notify_one</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>提醒一个在 <code>atomic_wait</code> 中阻塞的线程<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_notify_all.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_notify_all</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>提醒所有在 <code>atomic_wait</code> 中阻塞的线程<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.A0.87.E5.BF.97.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B.E5.8F.8A.E6.93.8D.E4.BD.9C">标志类型及操作</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_flag.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_flag</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>免锁的布尔原子类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_flag_test_and_set.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_flag_test_and_set</span><span>atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>原子地设置标志为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> 并返回其先前值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_flag_clear.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_flag_clear</span><span>atomic_flag_clear_explicit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>原子地设置标志值为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">false</span></span></span><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_flag_test.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_flag_test</span><span>atomic_flag_test_explicit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>原子地返回标志的值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_flag_wait.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_flag_wait</span><span>atomic_flag_wait_explicit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>阻塞线程，直至被提醒且标志更改<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_flag_notify_one.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_flag_notify_one</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>提醒一个在 <code>atomic_flag_wait</code> 中阻塞的线程<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_flag_notify_all.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_flag_notify_all</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>提醒所有在 <code>atomic_flag_wait</code> 中阻塞的线程<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.88.9D.E5.A7.8B.E5.8C.96">初始化</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_init.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_init</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span><span class="t-mark-rev t-deprecated-cxx20">(C++20 中弃用)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>对默认构造的原子对象进行非原子初始化<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-ATOMIC_VAR_INIT.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ATOMIC_VAR_INIT</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span><span class="t-mark-rev t-deprecated-cxx20">(C++20 中弃用)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>静态存储期的原子对象的常量初始化<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(宏函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span><span class="t-mark-rev t-deprecated-cxx20">(C++20 中弃用)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>将 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_flag.html">std::atomic_flag</a></span> 初始化为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">false</span></span></span><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(宏常量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.86.85.E5.AD.98.E5.90.8C.E6.AD.A5.E9.A1.BA.E5.BA.8F">内存同步顺序</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-memory_order.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>memory_order</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>为给定的原子操作定义内存顺序约束<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(枚举)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-kill_dependency.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>kill_dependency</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>从 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-atomic-memory_order.html">std::memory_order_consume</a></span> 依赖树移除指定对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_thread_fence.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_thread_fence</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>通用的依赖内存顺序的栅栏同步原语<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic_signal_fence.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atomic_signal_fence</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>线程与执行于同一线程的信号处理函数间的栅栏<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8E.9F.E5.AD.90.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B.E7.9A.84_C_.E5.85.BC.E5.AE.B9.E6.80.A7">原子类型的 C 兼容性</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-stdatomic.h.html"><stdatomic.h></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>_Atomic</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx23">(C++23)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>使得 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">_Atomic<span class="br0">(</span>T<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 等同于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic.html"><span class="kw2066">std::<span class="me2">atomic</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">></span></span></span> 的兼容性宏<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(宏函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx23">
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<td>
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<p><code><stdatomic.h></code> 以外的 C++ 标准库头文件不提供 <code>_Atomic</code> 宏或任何非宏的全局命名空间声明。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx23">(C++23 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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