141 lines
14 KiB
HTML
141 lines
14 KiB
HTML
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<title>std::list<T,Allocator>::merge</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_container_list_merge skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-page-template cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::list<T,Allocator>::</span>merge</h1>
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-container.html">container</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-container-list.html">list</a></span></div>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span> merge<span class="br0">(</span> list<span class="sy3">&</span> other <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span> merge<span class="br0">(</span> list<span class="sy3">&&</span> other <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span> <span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> Compare<span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">void</span> merge<span class="br0">(</span> list<span class="sy3">&</span> other, Compare comp <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span> <span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> Compare<span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">void</span> merge<span class="br0">(</span> list<span class="sy3">&&</span> other, Compare comp <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>归并二个已排序链表为一个。链表应以升序排序。</p>
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<p>不复制元素。操作后容器 <code>other</code> 变为空。若 <code>other</code> 与 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">*</span>this</span></span> 指代同一对象则函数不做任何事。若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">get_allocator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> other.<span class="me1">get_allocator</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，则行为未定义。没有引用和迭代器变得非法，除了被移动元素的迭代器现在指代到 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">*</span>this</span></span> 中，而非到 <code>other</code> 中，第一版本用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1"><</span></span></span> 比较元素，第二版本用给定的比较函数 <code>comp</code> 。</p>
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<p>此操作是稳定的：对于二个链表中的等价元素，来自 <code>*this</code> 的元素始终前驱来自 <code>other</code> 的元素，而且 <code>*this</code> 和 <code>other</code> 的等价元素顺序不更改。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<td>other</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要交换的另一容器</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>comp</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>比较函数对象（即满足<a href="cpp-named_req-Compare.html"><span style="font-style:italic">比较</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Compare)</span></a> 概念的对象），若第一参数<i>小于</i>（即<i>先</i>序于）第二参数则返回 ​<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> 。<br />
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<p>比较函数的签名应等价于如下：</p>
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<p><span class="t-cc"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"> <span class="kw4">bool</span> cmp<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> Type1 <span class="sy3">&</span>a, <span class="kw4">const</span> Type2 <span class="sy3">&</span>b<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span></p>
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<p>虽然签名不必有 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="sy3">&</span></span></span> ，函数也不能修改传递给它的对象，而且必须接受（可为 const 的）类型 <code>Type1</code> 与 <code>Type2</code> 的值，无关乎<a href="cpp-language-value_category.html">值类别</a>（从而不允许 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Type1 <span class="sy3">&</span></span></span> <span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span>，亦不允许 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Type1</span></span> ，除非 <code>Type1</code> 的移动等价于复制</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></span></span>）。<br />
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类型 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Type1</span></span> 与 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Type2</span></span> 必须使得 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">list<span class="sy1"><</span>T,Allocator<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">const_iterator</span></span></span> 类型的对象能在解引用后隐式转换到这两个类型。 ​</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>（无）</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8">异常</span></h3>
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<p>若抛出异常，则此函数无效果（强异常保证），除非异常来自比较函数。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.A4.8D.E6.9D.82.E5.BA.A6">复杂度</span></h3>
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<p>至多 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-iterator-distance.html"><span class="kw673">std::<span class="me2">distance</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>begin<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, end<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> <a href="cpp-iterator-distance.html"><span class="kw673">std::<span class="me2">distance</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>other.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, other.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy2">-</span> <span class="nu0">1</span></span></span> 次比较。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <list></span>
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<a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream.html"><span class="kw1729">std::<span class="me2">ostream</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream.html"><span class="kw1729">std::<span class="me2">ostream</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> ostr, <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-container-list.html"><span class="kw1275">std::<span class="me2">list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> list<span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">auto</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>i <span class="sy4">:</span> list<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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ostr <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> i<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> ostr<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-list.html"><span class="kw1275">std::<span class="me2">list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> list1 <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="nu0">5</span>,<span class="nu0">9</span>,<span class="nu0">0</span>,<span class="nu0">1</span>,<span class="nu0">3</span> <span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-list.html"><span class="kw1275">std::<span class="me2">list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> list2 <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="nu0">8</span>,<span class="nu0">7</span>,<span class="nu0">2</span>,<span class="nu0">6</span>,<span class="nu0">4</span> <span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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list1.<span class="me1">sort</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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list2.<span class="me1">sort</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"list1: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> list1 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"list2: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> list2 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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list1.<span class="me1">merge</span><span class="br0">(</span>list2<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"merged: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> list1 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">list1: 0 1 3 5 9
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list2: 2 4 6 7 8
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merged: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</pre></div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-list-splice.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>splice</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>从另一个<code>list</code>中移动元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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