377 lines
22 KiB
HTML
377 lines
22 KiB
HTML
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<title>std::ios_base::failure</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_io_ios_base_failure skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::ios_base::</span>failure</h1>
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-io.html">io</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-io-ios_base.html">ios base</a></span></div>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-ios.html"><ios></a></code></div>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">class</span> failure<span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<p>类 <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">std::ios_base::failure</strong></span> 定义输入/输出库中的函数在失败时抛出的异常对象。</p>
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<p><span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">std::ios_base::failure</strong></span> 可以定义为 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-ios_base.html">std::ios_base</a></span> 的成员类，或拥有等价功能的另一个类的同义词（ typedef ）。</p>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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<area href="cpp-error-exception.html" shape="rect" coords="5,4,107,36" alt="cpp/error/exception" /></map><img alt="std-ios base-failure-2003-inheritance.svg" src="std-ios_base-failure-2003-inheritance.svg" width="252" height="40" usemap="#ImageMap_1_434827752" /></div>
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<p><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">继承图</span></p>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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<area href="cpp-error-system_error.html" shape="rect" coords="266,4,369,36" alt="cpp/error/system error" /></map><img alt="std-ios base-failure-inheritance.svg" src="std-ios_base-failure-inheritance.svg" width="514" height="40" usemap="#ImageMap_2_415560817" /></div>
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<p><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">继承图</span></p>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">成员函数</span></h3>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>(构造函数)</span></span></div>
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<td>构造拥有指定消息的新 <code>failure</code> 对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>operator=</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>替换 <code>failure</code> 对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>what</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>返回解释字符串<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="std::ios_base::failure::failure"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::ios_base::failure::</span>failure</span></h2>
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<td rowspan="142">(1)</td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">explicit</span> failure<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> message <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">explicit</span> failure<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> message,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-error-error_code.html"><span class="kw877">std::<span class="me2">error_code</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> ec <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-io-io_errc.html"><span class="kw1810">std::<span class="me2">io_errc</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">stream</span></span></a> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">explicit</span> failure<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> message,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-error-error_code.html"><span class="kw877">std::<span class="me2">error_code</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> ec <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-io-io_errc.html"><span class="kw1810">std::<span class="me2">io_errc</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">stream</span></span></a> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(3)</td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">failure<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> failure<span class="sy3">&</span> other <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">failure<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> failure<span class="sy3">&</span> other <span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-2)</span> 以 <code>message</code> 为解释字符串构造异常对象，能在之后用 <a href="cpp-error-exception-what.html"><tt>what()</tt></a> 取得解释字符串。<span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span>用 <code>ec</code> 鉴别特定的失败理由。</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></span></span></div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> 复制构造函数。以 <code>other</code> 的内容初始化内容。<span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span>若 <code>*this</code> 与 <code>other</code> 均拥有动态类型 <code>std::ios_base::failure</code> 则 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-string-byte-strcmp.html"><span class="kw1146">std::<span class="me2">strcmp</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>what<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, other.<span class="me1">what</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="nu0">0</span></span></span> 。</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></span></span></div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<td>message</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>解释性字符串</td>
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<td>ec</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>鉴别特定失败理由的错误码</td>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>other</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要复制的另一 <code>failure</code></td>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">注解</span></h3>
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<p>因为不容许复制 <code>std::ios_base::failure</code> 抛出异常，通常将此消息在内部存储为分离分配的引用计数字符串。这也是构造函数不接收 <code>std::string&&</code> 参数的理由：无论如何它必须复制内容。</p>
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<div class="t-member">
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="std::ios_base::failure::operator.3D"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::ios_base::failure::</span>operator=</span></h2>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">failure<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1">=</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> failure<span class="sy3">&</span> other <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">failure<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1">=</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> failure<span class="sy3">&</span> other <span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<p>以 <code>other</code> 的内容赋值。<span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span>若 <code>*this</code> 与 <code>other</code> 均拥有动态类型 <code>std::ios_base::failure</code> 则赋值后 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-string-byte-strcmp.html"><span class="kw1146">std::<span class="me2">strcmp</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>what<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, other.<span class="me1">what</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="nu0">0</span></span></span> 。</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></span></span></p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0_2">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>other</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>用以赋值的另一异常对象</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">*</span>this</span></span></p>
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<div class="t-member">
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="std::ios_base::failure::what"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::ios_base::failure::</span>what</span></h2>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">virtual</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> what<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw1">throw</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">virtual</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> what<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<p>返回解释字符串。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0_3">参数</span></h3>
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<p>（无）</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC_2">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>指向有解释信息的空终止字符串的指针。该字符串适合转换并显示为 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html">std::wstring</a></span> 。保证该指针至少到获得它来源的异常对象被销毁，或在该异常对象上调用非 const 成员函数（例如复制赋值运算符）为止合法。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3_2">注解</span></h3>
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<p>允许但不要求实现覆写 <code>what()</code> 。</p>
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</div>
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<div class="t-inherited">
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.BB.A7.E6.89.BF.E8.87.AA_std::system_error">继承自 <a href="cpp-error-system_error.html"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>system_error</a></span></h2>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0_2">成员函数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-system_error-code.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>code</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回错误码<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::system_error</code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-system_error-what.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>what</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[虚]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回解释性字符串<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::system_error</code> 的虚公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="t-inherited">
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.BB.A7.E6.89.BF.E8.87.AA_std::runtime_error">继承自 <a href="cpp-error-runtime_error.html"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>runtime_error</a></span></h2>
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<p><br /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="t-inherited">
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.BB.A7.E6.89.BF.E8.87.AA_std::exception">继承自 <a href="cpp-error-exception.html"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>exception</a></span></h2>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0_3">成员函数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-exception-~exception.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(析构函数)</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[虚]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>析构该异常对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::exception</code> 的虚公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
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<div><a href="cpp-error-exception-what.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>what</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[虚]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回解释性字符串<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::exception</code> 的虚公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <fstream></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-basic_ifstream.html"><span class="kw1731">std::<span class="me2">ifstream</span></span></a> f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"doesn't exist"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">try</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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f.<span class="me1">exceptions</span><span class="br0">(</span>f.<span class="me1">failbit</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span> <span class="kw1">catch</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ios_base</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">failure</span><span class="sy3">&</span> e<span class="br0">)</span>
|
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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|
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Caught an ios_base::failure.<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Explanatory string: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> e.<span class="me1">what</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span>
|
|
<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Error code: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> e.<span class="me1">code</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
|
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<p>输出：</p>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="text source-text">
|
|
<pre class="de1">Caught an ios_base::failure.
|
|
Explanatory string: ios_base::clear: unspecified iostream_category error
|
|
Error code: iostream:1</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
|
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
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<div><a href="cpp-io-io_errc.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>io_errc</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
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</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>IO 流的错误码<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(枚举)</span></td>
|
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</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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