257 lines
22 KiB
HTML
257 lines
22 KiB
HTML
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<title>C++ 具名要求：关联容器 (AssociativeContainer)</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_named_req_AssociativeContainer skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">C++ 具名要求：</span><span style="font-style:italic">关联容器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(AssociativeContainer)</span></h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-named_req.html">named req</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<p><strong class="selflink"><span style="font-style:italic">关联容器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(AssociativeContainer)</span></strong> 是提供基于键的快速对象查找的<a href="cpp-named_req-Container.html"><span style="font-style:italic">容器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Container)</span></a> 。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.A6.81.E6.B1.82">要求</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.87.A1.E4.BE.8B">凡例</span></h3>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>X</b></code></td>
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<td>容器类型</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>a</b></code></td>
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<td><code><b>X</b></code> 类型的值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>a2</b></code></td>
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<td>其<a href="cpp-container-node_handle.html">结点句柄</a>与 X 兼容的 <code><b>Y</b></code> 类型的值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>b</b></code></td>
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<td><code><b>X</b></code> 类型的可能为 const 的值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>u</b></code></td>
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<td>任意变量名</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>a_uniq</b></code></td>
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<td>（当 <code><b>X</b></code> 支持唯一键时）<code><b>X</b></code> 类型的值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>a_eq</b></code></td>
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<td>（当 <code><b>X</b></code> 支持多重键时）<code><b>X</b></code> 类型的值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>a_tran</b></code></td>
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<td>（当 <code>X::key_compare::is_transparent</code> 存在时）<code><b>X</b></code> 类型的可能为 const 的值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>i</b></code>, <code><b>j</b></code></td>
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<td><a href="cpp-named_req-InputIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式输入迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyInputIterator)</span></a> ，指代有效范围并指向可隐式转换到 <code>X::value_type</code> 的元素</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>p</b></code></td>
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<td>指向 <code><b>a</b></code> 的有效常迭代器</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>q</b></code></td>
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<td>指向 <code><b>a</b></code> 的有效可解引用常量迭代器</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>r</b></code></td>
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<td>指向 <code><b>a</b></code> 的可解引用迭代器</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>q1</b></code>, <code><b>q2</b></code></td>
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<td>指代 <code><b>a</b></code> 中的有效范围的常迭代器</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>il</b></code></td>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-initializer_list.html">std::initializer_list</a></span><X::value_type> 类型的对象</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>t</b></code></td>
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<td><code><b>X::value_type</b></code> 类型的值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>k</b></code></td>
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<td><code><b>X::key_type</b></code> 类型的值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>c</b></code></td>
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<td><code><b>X::key_compare</b></code> 类型的可以为 const 的值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>kl</b></code></td>
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<td>一个值，使得 <code><b>a</b></code> 依据 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c<span class="br0">(</span>r,kl<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 已划分，其中 <code>r</code> 是 <code>e</code> 的键且 <code>e</code> 在 <code>a</code> 中</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>ku</b></code></td>
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<td>一个值，使得 <code><b>a</b></code> 依据 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy3">!</span>c<span class="br0">(</span>ku, r<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 已划分</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>ke</b></code></td>
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<td>一个值，使得 <code><b>a</b></code> 依据 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c<span class="br0">(</span>r, ke<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 与 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy3">!</span>c<span class="br0">(</span>ke, r<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 已划分，其中 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c<span class="br0">(</span>r, ke<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 隐含 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy3">!</span>c<span class="br0">(</span>ke, r<span class="br0">)</span></span></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>A</b></code></td>
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<td><code><b>X</b></code> 所用的存储分配器，或 <span class="t-lc">std::allocator_type<X::value_type></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>m</b></code></td>
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<td>分配器，其类型可转换为 <code><b>A</b></code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code><b>nh</b></code></td>
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<td><code>X::node_type</code> 类型的非 const 右值</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table class="wikitable">
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<tr>
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<th>表达式</th>
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<th>返回类型</th>
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<th>前条件/要求</th>
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<th>后条件/效果</th>
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<th>复杂度</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">key_type</span></span></span></td>
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<td><code><b>Key</b></code></td>
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<td><code><b>Key</b></code> <a href="cpp-named_req-Destructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可析构</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Destructible)</span></a></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>编译时</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">key_compare</span></span></span></td>
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<td><code><b>Compare</b></code></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>编译时</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">value_compare</span></span></span></td>
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<td>满足<a href="cpp-named_req-BinaryPredicate.html"><span style="font-style:italic">二元谓词</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(BinaryPredicate)</span></a> 的类型</td>
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<td>对于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-container-set.html"><span class="kw1277">std::<span class="me2">set</span></span></a></span></span> 和 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-container-multiset.html"><span class="kw1279">std::<span class="me2">multiset</span></span></a></span></span> 为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">key_compare</span></span>；<br />
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对于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-container-map.html"><span class="kw1281">std::<span class="me2">map</span></span></a></span></span> 和 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-container-multimap.html"><span class="kw1285">std::<span class="me2">multimap</span></span></a></span></span> 为 <code><b>Key</b></code> 上的顺序关系</td>
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<td></td>
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<td>编译时</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="br0">(</span>c<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>, <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X a<span class="br0">(</span>c<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span></td>
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<td></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">key_compare</span></span> <a href="cpp-named_req-CopyConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyConstructible)</span></a></td>
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<td>以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c</span></span> 的副本为 <code><b>key_comp</b></code> 构造空容器</td>
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<td>常数</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span>, <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X a<span class="sy4">;</span></span></span></td>
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<td></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">key_compare</span></span> <a href="cpp-named_req-CopyConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyConstructible)</span></a></td>
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<td>以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Compare<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为 <code><b>key_comp</b></code> 构造空容器</td>
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<td>常数</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="br0">(</span>i, j, c<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>, <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X a<span class="br0">(</span>i, j, c<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span></td>
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<td></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">key_compare</span></span> <a href="cpp-named_req-CopyConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyConstructible)</span></a> 且 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">value_type</span></span> 从 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">*</span>i</span></span> <a href="cpp-named_req-EmplaceConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可就位构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(EmplaceConstructible)</span></a> 到 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X</span></span></td>
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<td>以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c</span></span> 的副本为 <code><b>key_comp</b></code> 构造空容器并插入来自范围 <code>[i; j)</code> 的所有元素</td>
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<td>通常为 <code>N log N</code>，或若 <code>[i, j)</code> 已排序则为 <code>N</code>（其中 <code>N</code> 是 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-iterator-distance.html"><span class="kw673">std::<span class="me2">distance</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>i, j<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>）</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="br0">(</span>i, j<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>, <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X a<span class="br0">(</span>i, j<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span></td>
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<td></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">key_compare</span></span> <a href="cpp-named_req-CopyConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyConstructible)</span></a> 且 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">value_type</span></span> 从 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">*</span>i</span></span> <a href="cpp-named_req-EmplaceConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可就位构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(EmplaceConstructible)</span></a> 到 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X</span></span></td>
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<td>以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Compare<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为 <code><b>key_comp</b></code> 构造空容器并插入来自范围 <code>[i; j)</code> 的所有元素</td>
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<td>通常为 <code>N log N</code>，或若 <code>[i, j)</code> 已按照 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">value_comp<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 排序则为 <code>N</code>（其中 <code>N</code> 是 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-iterator-distance.html"><span class="kw673">std::<span class="me2">distance</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>i, j<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>）</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="br0">(</span>il<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>等价于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="br0">(</span>il.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, il.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span></td>
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<td>等价于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="br0">(</span>il.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, il.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">a <span class="sy1">=</span> il</span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy3">&</span></span></span></td>
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<td><code><b>T</b></code> <a href="cpp-named_req-CopyInsertable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制插入</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyInsertable)</span></a> 到 <code><b>X</b></code> 而且亦<a href="cpp-named_req-CopyAssignable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制赋值</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyAssignable)</span></a></td>
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<td>将范围 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">[</span>il.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, il.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 赋值到 <code><b>a</b></code>。 <code><b>a</b></code> 的未被赋值元素均被销毁</td>
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<td>通常为 <code>N log N</code>，或若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">[</span>il.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, il.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 已按照 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">value_comp<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 排序则为 <code>N</code>（其中 <code>N</code> 是 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">il.<span class="me1">size</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> a.<span class="me1">size</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span>）</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">a.<span class="me1">key_comp</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">key_compare</span></span></span></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>返回构造 <code><b>a</b></code> 所用的比较对象。</td>
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<td>常数</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">a.<span class="me1">value_comp</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">value_compare</span></span></span></td>
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<td></td>
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<td>返回在比较对象外构造的 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">X<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">value_compare</span></span></span> 类型的对象。</td>
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<td>常数</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>作为 <code><b>std::map</b></code> 或 <code><b>std::multimap</b></code> 的关联容器 <code><b>X</b></code> 额外支持表达式 <code>X::mapped_type</code>，它以 T 为返回的类型（但要求 <code><b>T</b></code> <a href="cpp-named_req-Destructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可析构</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Destructible)</span></a> ），及编译时复杂度。</p>
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<table class="metadata plainlinks ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" style="">
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<tr>
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<td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td>
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<td class="mbox-text" style="">本节未完成<br />
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原因：完成要求。</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.A0.87.E5.87.86.E5.BA.93.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E5.85.B3.E8.81.94.E5.AE.B9.E5.99.A8">标准库中的关联容器</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-set.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>set</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>唯一键的集合，按照键排序<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-multiset.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>multiset</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>键的集合，按照键排序<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-map.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>map</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>键值对的集合，按照键排序，键是唯一的<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-multimap.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>multimap</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>键值对的集合，按照键排序<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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