141 lines
15 KiB
HTML
141 lines
15 KiB
HTML
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<title>std::ranges::crend</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_ranges_crend skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::ranges::</span>crend</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-ranges.html">ranges</a></span></div>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-ranges.html"><ranges></a></code></div>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">inline</span> <span class="kw1">namespace</span> <span class="coMULTI">/*unspecified*/</span> <span class="br0">{</span><br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">inline</span> <span class="kw4">constexpr</span> <span class="coMULTI">/*unspecified*/</span> crend <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="coMULTI">/*unspecified*/</span><span class="sy4">;</span><br /></p>
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<span class="br0">}</span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(定制点对象)</span></td>
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<div>调用签名</div>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T <span class="sy1">></span><br /></span>
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<p> requires <span class="coMULTI">/* see below */</span><br /></p>
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<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sentinel_for</span><span class="sy1"><</span>ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">iterator_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">>></span> <span class="kw4">auto</span> crend<span class="br0">(</span>T<span class="sy3">&&</span> t<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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<p>返回指示被当作逆向序列的 const 限定范围结尾的哨位。</p>
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<div class="t-image">
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<p><img alt="range-rbegin-rend.svg" src="range-rbegin-rend.svg" width="589" height="250" /></p>
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<p>令 <code>CT</code></p>
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<ol>
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<li>若实参为左值（即 <code>T</code> 为左值引用类型）则为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-types-remove_reference.html"><span class="kw607">std::<span class="me2">remove_reference_t</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span></span></span> ，</li>
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<li>否则为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">const</span> T</span></span> ，</li>
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</ol>
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<p>则调用 <code>ranges::crbegin</code> 表达式等价于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">rend</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw1">static_cast</span><span class="sy1"><</span>CT<span class="sy3">&&</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>t<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</p>
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<p>若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">crend</span><span class="br0">(</span>e<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 对于表达式 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">e</span></span> 合法，则 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sentinel_for</span><span class="sy1"><</span>S, I<span class="sy1">></span></span></span> 在所有情况下为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> ，其中 <code>S</code> 为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">decltype<span class="br0">(</span>ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">crend</span><span class="br0">(</span>e<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 而 <code>I</code> 为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">decltype<span class="br0">(</span>ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">crbegin</span><span class="br0">(</span>e<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.A1.A8.E8.BE.BE.E5.BC.8F.E7.AD.89.E4.BB.B7">表达式等价</span></h3>
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<p>表达式 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">e</span></span> <i>表达式等价</i>于表达式 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">f</span></span> ，若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">e</span></span> 与 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">f</span></span> 拥有相同效果，均为<a href="cpp-language-noexcept_spec.html">潜在抛出</a>或均非潜在抛出（即 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="br0">(</span>e<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="br0">(</span>f<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ），且均为<a href="cpp-language-constant_expression.html">常量子表达式</a>或均非常量子表达式。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.AE.9A.E5.88.B6.E7.82.B9.E5.AF.B9.E8.B1.A1">定制点对象</span></h3>
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<p>名字 <code>ranges::crend</code> 代表一个<i>定制点对象</i>，它是<a href="cpp-named_req-LiteralType.html">字面</a> <a href="cpp-concepts-semiregular.html"><code>semiregular</code></a> 类类型的 const <a href="cpp-named_req-FunctionObject.html">函数对象</a>。为说明目的，以 <code><i>__crend_fn</i></code> 表示其类型的 cv 无限定版本。</p>
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<p><code><i>__crend_fn</i></code> 的所有实例均相等。在相同参数上调用类型 <code><i>__crend_fn</i></code> 的不同实例的效果是等价的，无关乎指代该实例的表达式是左值还是右值，以及是否为 const 限定（然而不要求 volatile 限定的实例可调用）。从而能自由地复制 <code>ranges::crend</code> 并且能彼此替代地使用其副本。</p>
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<p>给定类型集合 <code>Args...</code> ，若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-utility-declval.html"><span class="kw1120">std::<span class="me2">declval</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>Args<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>...</span></span> 满足上面对于 <code>ranges::crend</code> 的参数要求，则 <code><i>__crend_fn</i></code> 实现 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">invocable</span><span class="sy1"><</span>__crend_fn, Args...<span class="sy1">></span></span></span>、 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">invocable</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">const</span> __crend_fn, Args...<span class="sy1">></span></span></span>、 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">invocable</span><span class="sy1"><</span>__crend_fn<span class="sy3">&</span>, Args...<span class="sy1">></span></span></span> 及 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">invocable</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">const</span> __crend_fn<span class="sy3">&</span>, Args...<span class="sy1">></span></span></span> 。否则， <code><i>__crend_fn</i></code> 的函数调用运算符不参与重载决议。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <vector></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iterator></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <algorithm></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="nu0">6</span>, <span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="nu0">9</span>, <span class="nu0">10</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Array backwards: "</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">namespace</span> ranges <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ranges</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">copy</span><span class="br0">(</span>ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">rbegin</span><span class="br0">(</span>a<span class="br0">)</span>, ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">rend</span><span class="br0">(</span>a<span class="br0">)</span>,
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<a href="cpp-iterator-ostream_iterator.html"><span class="kw670">std::<span class="me2">ostream_iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a>, <span class="st0">" "</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\n</span>Vector backwards: "</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-vector.html"><span class="kw1269">std::<span class="me2">vector</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> v <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="nu0">6</span>, <span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="nu0">9</span>, <span class="nu0">10</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">copy</span><span class="br0">(</span>ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">rbegin</span><span class="br0">(</span>v<span class="br0">)</span>, ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">rend</span><span class="br0">(</span>v<span class="br0">)</span>,
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<a href="cpp-iterator-ostream_iterator.html"><span class="kw670">std::<span class="me2">ostream_iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a>, <span class="st0">" "</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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<p>输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">Array backwards: 10 9 -3 6 4
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Vector backwards: 10 9 -3 6 4</pre></div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-ranges-rend.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::rend</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回指向范围的逆向尾迭代器<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(定制点对象)</span></td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-iterator-rend.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>rend</span><span>crend</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回容器或数组的逆向尾迭代器<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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