171 lines
11 KiB
HTML
171 lines
11 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<title>std::memcpy</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_string_byte_memcpy skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>memcpy</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-string.html">string</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-string-byte.html">byte</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-cstring.html"><cstring></a></code></div>
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<td></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> memcpy<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> dest, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> src, <a href="cpp-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">std::<span class="me2">size_t</span></span></a> count <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td></td>
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<p>从 <code>src</code> 所指向的对象复制 <code>count</code> 个字符到 <code>dest</code> 所指向的对象。两个对象都被转译成 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">char</span></span></span> 的数组。</p>
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<p>若对象重叠,则行为未定义。</p>
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<p>若 <code>dest</code> 或 <code>src</code> 为<a href="cpp-language-pointer.html#.E6.8C.87.E9.92.88">非法或空指针</a>则行为未定义,纵使 <code>count</code> 为零。</p>
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<p>若对象<a href="cpp-language-object.html#.E5.AD.90.E5.AF.B9.E8.B1.A1">潜在重叠</a>或不<a href="cpp-named_req-TriviallyCopyable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可平凡复制</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(TriviallyCopyable)</span></a> ,则 <code>memcpy</code> 的行为未指定而且<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/29777492">可能未定义</a>。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>dest</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>指向要复制的对象的指针</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>src</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>指向复制来源对象的指针</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>count</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>复制的字节数</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p><code>dest</code></p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">注解</span></h3>
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<p><code>std::memcpy</code> 可用于在目标缓冲区中<a href="cpp-language-object.html#.E5.AF.B9.E8.B1.A1.E5.88.9B.E5.BB.BA">隐式创建</a>对象。</p>
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<p><code>std::memcpy</code> 理应是最快的内存到内存复制子程序。它通常比必须扫描其所复制数据的 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-string-byte-strcpy.html">std::strcpy</a></span> ,或必须预防以处理重叠输入的 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-string-byte-memmove.html">std::memmove</a></span> 更高效。</p>
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<p>许多 C++ 编译器将适合的内存复制循环变换为 <code>std::memcpy</code> 调用。</p>
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<p>在<a href="cpp-language-object.html#.E4.B8.A5.E6.A0.BC.E7.9A.84.E5.88.AB.E5.90.8D.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8">严格别名使用</a>禁止检验同一内存为二个不同类型的值处,可用 <code>std::memcpy</code> 转换值。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <cstdint></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <cstring></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="co1">// 简单用法</span>
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<span class="kw4">char</span> source<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="st0">"once upon a midnight dreary..."</span>, dest<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">4</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">memcpy</span><span class="br0">(</span>dest, source, sizeof dest<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">char</span> c <span class="sy4">:</span> dest<span class="br0">)</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> c <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// 转译</span>
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<span class="kw4">double</span> d <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu16">0.1</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// std::int64_t n = *reinterpret_cast<std::int64_t*>(&d); // 别名违规</span>
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<a href="cpp-types-integer.html"><span class="kw109">std::<span class="me2">int64_t</span></span></a> n<span class="sy4">;</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">memcpy</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&</span>n, <span class="sy3">&</span>d, sizeof d<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// OK</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-io-manip-fixed.html"><span class="kw1785">std::<span class="me2">hexfloat</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> d <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" is "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-io-manip-hex.html"><span class="kw1781">std::<span class="me2">hex</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" as an std::int64_t<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出:</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">o
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n
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c
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e
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0x1.999999999999ap-4 is 3fb999999999999a as an std::int64_t</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-byte-memmove.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>memmove</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>移动一个缓冲区到另一个<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-byte-memset.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>memset</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>以一个字符填充缓冲区<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-wide-wmemcpy.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>wmemcpy</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>在两个不重叠数组间复制一定量宽字符<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-copy.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>copy</span><span>copy_if</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>将某一范围的元素复制到一个新的位置<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-copy_backward.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>copy_backward</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>按从后往前的顺序复制一个范围内的元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-types-is_trivially_copyable.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>is_trivially_copyable</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查类型是否可平凡复制<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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