807 lines
45 KiB
HTML
807 lines
45 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>工具库</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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</head>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_utility skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">工具库</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<p>C++ 包含了各种工具库，提供了诸如<a href="cpp-utility-bitset.html">位计数</a>和<a href="cpp-utility-functional-bind.html">部分函数应用</a>的功能。这些库大致可以分为两类：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>语言支持库</li>
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<li>通用库</li>
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</ul>
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<p><br /></p>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E6.94.AF.E6.8C.81">语言支持</span></h2>
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<p>语言支持库中所提供的类和函数与语言特性紧密相关，用以支持语言中的一些常见的惯用法。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B.E6.94.AF.E6.8C.81"><a href="cpp-types.html">类型支持</a></span></h3>
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<p>基本类型（如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-types-size_t.html">std::size_t</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-types-nullptr_t.html">std::nullptr_t</a></span> ）、 RTTI （如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-types-type_info.html">std::type_info</a></span> ）、类型特性（如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-types-is_integral.html">std::is_integral</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-types-rank.html">std::rank</a></span> ）。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.AE.9E.E7.8E.B0.E5.B1.9E.E6.80.A7"><a href="cpp-utility-feature_test.html">实现属性</a></span></h3>
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx20">
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<td>
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<p>头文件 <a href="cpp-header-version.html"><tt><version></tt></a> 提供关于 C++ 标准库的实现依赖信息（例如版本号和发行日期）。它亦定义<a href="cpp-utility-feature_test.html">特性测试宏</a>。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A8.8B.E5.BA.8F.E5.B7.A5.E5.85.B7"><a href="cpp-utility-program.html">程序工具</a></span></h3>
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<p>终止（如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-abort.html">std::abort</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-atexit.html">std::atexit</a></span> ）、环境（如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-system.html">std::system</a></span> ）、信号（如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-raise.html">std::raise</a></span> ）。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8A.A8.E6.80.81.E5.86.85.E5.AD.98.E7.AE.A1.E7.90.86"><a href="cpp-memory.html">动态内存管理</a></span></h3>
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<p>智能指针（如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-memory-shared_ptr.html">std::shared_ptr</a></span> ）、分配器（如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-memory-allocator.html">std::allocator</a></span> 或 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-memory-memory_resource.html">std::pmr::memory_resource</a></span> ）、C 风格内存管理（如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-memory-c-malloc.html">std::malloc</a></span> ）。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.AF.B9.E8.B1.A1.E8.AE.BF.E9.97.AE">对象访问</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-new.html"><new></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-launder.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>launder</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指针优化屏障<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E9.94.99.E8.AF.AF.E5.A4.84.E7.90.86"><a href="cpp-error.html">错误处理</a></span></h3>
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<p>异常（如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-exception.html">std::exception</a></span>、<span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-terminate.html">std::terminate</a></span> ）、断言（如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-assert.html">assert</a></span> ）。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.BA.90.E7.A0.81.E4.BF.A1.E6.81.AF.E6.8D.95.E8.8E.B7"><a href="cpp-utility-source_location.html">源码信息捕获</a></span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-source_location.html"><source_location></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-source_location.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>source_location</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>表示关于源码的信息，例如文件名、行号以及函数名的类<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.88.9D.E5.A7.8B.E5.8C.96.E5.99.A8.E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8">初始化器列表</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-initializer_list.html"><initializer_list></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-initializer_list.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>initializer_list</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>在<a href="cpp-language-list_initialization.html">列表初始化</a>中创建临时数组然后引用它<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E4.B8.89.E8.B7.AF.E6.AF.94.E8.BE.83">三路比较</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-compare.html"><compare></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-compare-three_way_comparable.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>three_way_comparable</span><span>three_way_comparable_with</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定运算符 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy1"><=></span></span></span> 在给定类型上产生一致的结果<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-compare-partial_ordering.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>partial_ordering</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>三路比较的结果类型，支持所有 6 种运算符，不可替换，并允许不可比较的值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-compare-weak_ordering.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>weak_ordering</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>三路比较的结果类型，支持所有 6 种运算符且不可替换<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-compare-strong_ordering.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>strong_ordering</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>三路比较的结果类型，支持所有 6 种运算符且可替换<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-compare-named_comparison_functions.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>is_eq</span><span>is_neq</span><span>is_lt</span><span>is_lteq</span><span>is_gt</span><span>is_gteq</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>具名比较函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-compare-compare_three_way.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>compare_three_way</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>实现 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">x <span class="sy1"><=></span> y</span></span> 的函数对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-compare-compare_three_way_result.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>compare_three_way_result</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>获得三路比较运算符 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy1"><=></span></span></span> 在给定类型上的结果<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-compare-common_comparison_category.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>common_comparison_category</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>给定的全部类型都能转换到的最强比较类别<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-compare-strong_order.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>strong_order</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>进行三路比较并产生 <code>std::strong_ordering</code> 类型结果<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(定制点对象)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-compare-weak_order.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>weak_order</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>进行三路比较并产生 <code>std::weak_ordering</code> 类型结果<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(定制点对象)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-compare-partial_order.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>partial_order</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>进行三路比较并产生 <code>std::partial_ordering</code> 类型结果<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(定制点对象)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-compare-compare_strong_order_fallback.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>compare_strong_order_fallback</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>进行三路比较并产生 <code>std::strong_ordering</code> 类型的结果，即使 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1"><=></span></span></span> 不可用<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(定制点对象)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-compare-compare_weak_order_fallback.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>compare_weak_order_fallback</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>进行三路比较并产生 <code>std::weak_ordering</code> 类型的结果，即使 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1"><=></span></span></span> 不可用<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(定制点对象)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-compare-compare_partial_order_fallback.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>compare_partial_order_fallback</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>进行三路比较并产生 <code>std::partial_ordering</code> 类型的结果，即使 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1"><=></span></span></span> 不可用<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(定制点对象)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8D.8F.E7.A8.8B.E6.94.AF.E6.8C.81"><a href="cpp-coroutine.html">协程支持</a></span></h3>
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx20">
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<td>
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<p>用于协程支持的类型，例如 <span class="t-lc">std::coroutine_traits</span>、 <span class="t-lc">std::coroutine_handle</span>。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.98.E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0"><a href="cpp-utility-variadic.html">变参数函数</a></span></h3>
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<p>支持接受任意数量参数的函数（例如通过 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-variadic-va_start.html">va_start</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-variadic-va_arg.html">va_arg</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-variadic-va_end.html">va_end</a></span> ）。</p>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id=".E9.80.9A.E7.94.A8.E5.B7.A5.E5.85.B7">通用工具</span></h2>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="swap_.E4.B8.8E.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B.E8.BF.90.E7.AE.97">swap 与类型运算</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-utility.html"><utility></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-swap.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>swap</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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|
</td>
|
|
<td>交换两个对象的值<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-exchange.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>exchange</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>将实参替换为一个新值，并返回其先前值<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-forward.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>forward</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>转发一个函数实参<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-move.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>move</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>获得右值引用<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-move_if_noexcept.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>move_if_noexcept</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>若移动构造函数不抛出则获得右值引用<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-as_const.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>as_const</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>获得到其实参的 const 引用<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-declval.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>declval</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>获取到其实参的引用，用于不求值语境中<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-to_underlying.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>to_underlying</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx23">(C++23)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>转换枚举到其底层类型<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-concepts.html"><concepts></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-ranges-swap.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::swap</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>交换两个对象的值<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(定制点对象)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.95.B4.E6.95.B0.E6.AF.94.E8.BE.83.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">整数比较函数</span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-utility.html"><utility></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-intcmp.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>cmp_equal</span><span>cmp_not_equal</span><span>cmp_less</span><span>cmp_greater</span><span>cmp_less_equal</span><span>cmp_greater_equal</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>比较二个整数值，而无转换所致的值更改<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-in_range.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>in_range</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>检查整数值是否在给定整数类型的范围内<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.85.B3.E7.B3.BB.E8.BF.90.E7.AE.97.E7.AC.A6">关系运算符</span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-utility.html"><utility></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于命名空间 <code>std::rel_ops</code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-rel_ops-operator_cmp.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator!=</span><span>operator></span><span>operator<=</span><span>operator>=</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark">(C++20 中弃用)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>自动生成基于用户定义的 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1">==</span></span></span> 和 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1"><</span></span></span> 的比较运算符<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.AF.B9.E4.B8.8E.E5.85.83.E7.BB.84"><a href="cpp-utility-pair.html">对</a>与<a href="cpp-utility-tuple.html">元组</a></span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-utility.html"><utility></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-pair.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>pair</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>实现二元组，即一对值<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-piecewise_construct_t.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>piecewise_construct_t</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>用于为逐段构造选择正确函数重载的标签类型<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-piecewise_construct.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>piecewise_construct</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>用于为逐段构造的函数消歧义的 <code>piecewise_construct_t</code> 类型的对象<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(常量)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-integer_sequence.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>integer_sequence</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>实现编译时整数数列<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-tuple.html"><tuple></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-tuple.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>tuple</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>实现固定大小的容器，它保有类型可以相异的元素<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-apply.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>apply</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>以一个实参的元组来调用函数<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-make_from_tuple.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>make_from_tuple</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>以一个实参元组构造对象<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
|
|
<td colspan="2"> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-tuple.html"><tuple></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-utility.html"><utility></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-array.html"><array></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-ranges.html"><ranges></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-tuple_size.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>tuple_size</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>获得元组式类型的元素数<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-tuple_element.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>tuple_element</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>获得元组式类型的元素类型<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="optional_.E3.80.81_variant_.E4.B8.8E_any"><a href="cpp-utility-optional.html">optional</a> 、 <a href="cpp-utility-variant.html">variant</a> 与 <a href="cpp-utility-any.html">any</a></span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-optional.html"><optional></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-optional.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>optional</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>可能或可能不保有一个对象的包装器<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
|
|
<td colspan="2"> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-variant.html"><variant></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-variant.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>variant</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>类型安全的可辨识联合体<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
|
|
<td colspan="2"> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-any.html"><any></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-any.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>any</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>可保有任何<a href="cpp-named_req-CopyConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyConstructible)</span></a> 类型的实例的对象。<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-sep">
|
|
<td colspan="2"> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-utility.html"><utility></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-in_place.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>in_place</span> <span>in_place_type</span> <span>in_place_index</span> <span>in_place_t</span> <span>in_place_type_t</span> <span>in_place_index_t</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>原位构造标签<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E4.BD.8D.E9.9B.86.E5.90.88"><a href="cpp-utility-bitset.html">位集合</a></span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-bitset.html"><bitset></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-bitset.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>bitset</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>实现常量长度的位数组<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0.E5.AF.B9.E8.B1.A1"><a href="cpp-utility-functional.html">函数对象</a></span></h3>
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<p>部分函数应用（如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-functional-bind.html">std::bind</a></span> ）及相关工具：用于绑定的工具，如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-functional-ref.html">std::ref</a></span> 与 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-functional-placeholders.html">std::placeholders</a></span> 、多态函数包装器： <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-functional-function.html">std::function</a></span> 、预定义函数对象（如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-functional-plus.html">std::plus</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-functional-equal_to.html">std::equal_to</a></span> ）、方法到函数转换器 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-functional-mem_fn.html">std::mem_fn</a></span> 。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.95.A3.E5.88.97.E6.94.AF.E6.8C.81"><a href="cpp-utility-hash.html">散列支持</a></span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-functional.html"><functional></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
|
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-hash.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>hash</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>散列函数对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.9F.E5.92.8C.E6.97.B6.E9.97.B4"><a href="cpp-chrono.html">日期和时间</a></span></h3>
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<p>时间跟踪（如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-chrono-time_point.html">std::chrono::time_point</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-chrono-duration.html">std::chrono::duration</a></span> ）， C 风格日期和时间（如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-chrono-c-time.html">std::time</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-chrono-c-clock.html">std::clock</a></span> ）。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.88.9D.E7.AD.89.E5.AD.97.E7.AC.A6.E4.B8.B2.E8.BD.AC.E6.8D.A2">初等字符串转换</span></h3>
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<p>除了 <a href="cpp-io.html">C++ I/O</a> 库、 <a href="cpp-io-c.html">C I/O</a> 库、 <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html#.E6.95.B0.E5.80.BC.E8.BD.AC.E6.8D.A2">C++ 字符串转换函数</a>和 <a href="cpp-string-byte.html#.E8.BD.AC.E6.8D.A2.E4.B8.BA.E6.95.B0.E5.AD.97.E6.A0.BC.E5.BC.8F">C 字符串转换函数</a>提供的复杂的本地环境依赖的分析器和格式化器外，头文件 <a href="cpp-header-charconv.html"><tt><charconv></tt></a> 提供对于算术类型的轻量、不依赖本地环境、不分配、不抛出的分析器和格式化器。</p>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-charconv.html"><charconv></a></code></div>
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</td>
|
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</tr>
|
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<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-to_chars.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>to_chars</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>转换整数或浮点值到字符序列<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-from_chars.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>from_chars</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>转换字符序列到整数或浮点值<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-chars_format.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>chars_format</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>指定 <span class="t-lc">std::to_chars</span> 和 <span class="t-lc">std::from_chars</span> 所用的格式<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(枚举)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.A0.BC.E5.BC.8F.E5.8C.96.E5.BA.93"><a href="cpp-utility-format.html">格式化库</a></span></h3>
|
|
<p>类型安全的格式化设施。</p>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-format.html"><format></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-format-format.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>format</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>在新 string 中存储参数的格式化表示<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-format-format_to.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>format_to</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>通过输出迭代器写其参数的格式化表示<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-format-format_to_n.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>format_to_n</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>通过输出迭代器写其参数的格式化表示，不超出指定的大小<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-format-formatted_size.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>formatted_size</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>确定存储其参数的格式化表示所需的字符数<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-format-vformat.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>vformat</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td><span class="t-lc">std::format</span> 的使用类型擦除的参数表示的非模板变体<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-format-vformat_to.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>vformat_to</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td><span class="t-lc">std::format_to</span> 的使用类型擦除的参数表示的非模板变体<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-format-formatter.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>formatter</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>定义给定类型的格式化规则的类模板<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-format-format_error.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>format_error</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>格式化错误时抛出的异常类型<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.A0.88.E8.B8.AA"><a href="cpp-utility-basic_stacktrace.html">栈踪</a></span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-stacktrace.html"><stacktrace></a></code></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-stacktrace_entry.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>stacktrace_entry</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx23">(C++23)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>栈踪中求值的表示<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-basic_stacktrace.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>basic_stacktrace</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx23">(C++23)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>由栈踪条目组成的调用序列的近似表示<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="visualClear"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
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</body>
|
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</html>
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