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<section id="module-netrc">
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<span id="netrc-netrc-file-processing"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-netrc" title="netrc: Loading of .netrc files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code></a> --- netrc 文件处理<a class="headerlink" href="#module-netrc" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p><strong>源代码:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.8/Lib/netrc.py">Lib/netrc.py</a></p>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#netrc.netrc" title="netrc.netrc"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code></a> 类解析并封装了 Unix 的 <strong class="program">ftp</strong> 程序和其他 FTP 客户端所使用的 netrc 文件格式。</p>
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<dl class="class">
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<dt id="netrc.netrc">
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<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">netrc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">netrc</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param">file</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#netrc.netrc" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="#netrc.netrc" title="netrc.netrc"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code></a> 的实例或其子类的实例会被用来封装来自 netrc 文件的数据。 如果有初始化参数，它将指明要解析的文件。 如果未给出参数，则位于用户家目录的 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.netrc</span></code> 文件 -- 即 <a class="reference internal" href="os.path.html#os.path.expanduser" title="os.path.expanduser"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path.expanduser()</span></code></a> 所确定的文件 -- 将会被读取。 在其他情况下，则将引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#FileNotFoundError" title="FileNotFoundError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FileNotFoundError</span></code></a> 异常。 解析错误将引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#netrc.NetrcParseError" title="netrc.NetrcParseError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NetrcParseError</span></code></a> 并附带诊断信息，包括文件名、行号以及终止令牌。 如果在 POSIX 系统上未指明参数，则当 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.netrc</span></code> 文件中有密码时，如果文件归属或权限不安全（归属的用户不是运行进程的用户，或者可供任何其他用户读取或写入）将引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#netrc.NetrcParseError" title="netrc.NetrcParseError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NetrcParseError</span></code></a>。 这实现了与 ftp 和其他使用 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.netrc</span></code> 的程序同等的安全行为。</p>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.4 版更改: </span>添加了 POSIX 权限检查。</p>
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</div>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.7 版更改: </span>当未将 <em>file</em> 作为参数传入时会使用 <a class="reference internal" href="os.path.html#os.path.expanduser" title="os.path.expanduser"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path.expanduser()</span></code></a> 来查找 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.netrc</span></code> 文件的位置。</p>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="exception">
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<dt id="netrc.NetrcParseError">
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<em class="property">exception </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">netrc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">NetrcParseError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#netrc.NetrcParseError" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>当在源文本中遇到语法错误时由 <a class="reference internal" href="#netrc.netrc" title="netrc.netrc"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code></a> 类引发的异常。 此异常的实例提供了三个有用属性: <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">msg</span></code> 为错误的文本说明，<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filename</span></code> 为源文件的名称，而 <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lineno</span></code> 给出了错误所在的行号。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<section id="netrc-objects">
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<span id="id1"></span><h2>netrc 对象<a class="headerlink" href="#netrc-objects" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#netrc.netrc" title="netrc.netrc"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code></a> 实例具有下列方法:</p>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="netrc.netrc.authenticators">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">netrc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">authenticators</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">host</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#netrc.netrc.authenticators" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>针对 <em>host</em> 的身份验证者返回一个 3 元组 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(login,</span> <span class="pre">account,</span> <span class="pre">password)</span></code>。 如果 netrc 文件不包含针对给定主机的条目，则返回关联到 'default' 条目的元组。 如果匹配的主机或默认条目均不可用，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="netrc.netrc.__repr__">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">netrc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">__repr__</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#netrc.netrc.__repr__" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>将类数据以 netrc 文件的格式转储为一个字符串。 （这会丢弃注释并可能重排条目顺序。）</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#netrc.netrc" title="netrc.netrc"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code></a> 的实例具有一些公共实例变量:</p>
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<dl class="attribute">
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<dt id="netrc.netrc.hosts">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">netrc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">hosts</code><a class="headerlink" href="#netrc.netrc.hosts" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>将主机名映射到 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(login,</span> <span class="pre">account,</span> <span class="pre">password)</span></code> 元组的字典。 如果存在 'default' 条目，则会表示为使用该名称的伪主机。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="attribute">
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<dt id="netrc.netrc.macros">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">netrc.</code><code class="sig-name descname">macros</code><a class="headerlink" href="#netrc.netrc.macros" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>将宏名称映射到字符串列表的字典。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
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<p>密码会被限制为 ASCII 字符集的一个子集。 所有 ASCII 标点符号均可用作密码，但是要注意空白符和非打印字符不允许用作密码。 这是 .netrc 文件解析方式带来的限制，在未来可能会被解除。</p>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code> --- netrc 文件处理</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#netrc-objects">netrc 对象</a></li>
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