215 lines
21 KiB
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215 lines
21 KiB
HTML
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<title>std::ranges::adjacent_find</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_algorithm_ranges_adjacent_find skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::ranges::</span>adjacent_find</h1>
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-algorithm.html">algorithm</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges.html">ranges</a></span></div>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-algorithm.html"><algorithm></a></code></div>
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<div>调用签名</div>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">forward_iterator</span> I, std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sentinel_for</span><span class="sy1"><</span>I<span class="sy1">></span> S, <span class="kw1">class</span> Proj <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">identity</span>,<br /></span>
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<p> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">indirect_binary_predicate</span><span class="sy1"><</span><br />
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">projected</span><span class="sy1"><</span>I, Proj<span class="sy1">></span>,<br />
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">projected</span><span class="sy1"><</span>I, Proj<span class="sy1">>></span> Pred <span class="sy1">=</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">equal_to</span> <span class="sy1">></span><br /></p>
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<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> I adjacent_find<span class="br0">(</span> I first, S last, Pred pred <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>, Proj proj <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">forward_range</span> R, <span class="kw1">class</span> Proj <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">identity</span>,<br /></span>
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<p> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">indirect_binary_predicate</span><span class="sy1"><</span><br />
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">projected</span><span class="sy1"><</span>ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">iterator_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>R<span class="sy1">></span>, Proj<span class="sy1">></span>,<br />
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">projected</span><span class="sy1"><</span>ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">iterator_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>R<span class="sy1">></span>, Proj<span class="sy1">>></span> Pred <span class="sy1">=</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">equal_to</span> <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">borrowed_iterator_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>R<span class="sy1">></span><br /></p>
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adjacent_find<span class="br0">(</span> R<span class="sy3">&&</span> r, Pred pred <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>, Proj proj <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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<p>搜索范围 <code>[first, last)</code> 中二个连续的相等元素。</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 用 <code>pred</code> (在以投影 <code>proj</code> 投影后)比较元素。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 同 <span class="t-v">(1)</span> ,但以 <code>r</code> 为源范围,如同以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span>r<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为 <code>first</code> 并以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">end</span><span class="br0">(</span>r<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为 <code>last</code> 。</div>
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<p>此页面上描述的仿函数实体是 <i>niebloid</i> ,即:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>调用它们中的任何一者时不可指定显式模板实参。</li>
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<li>它们无一对<a href="cpp-language-adl.html">实参依赖查找</a>可见。</li>
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<li>在<a href="cpp-language-unqualified_lookup.html">通常无限定查找</a>寻找函数调用运算符左侧的名称找到它们之一时,它禁止<a href="cpp-language-adl.html">实参依赖查找</a>。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>实际上,它们能以函数对象,或以某些特殊编译器扩展实现。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>first, last</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要检验的范围</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>r</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要检验的范围</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>pred</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>应用到投影后元素的谓词</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>proj</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>应用到元素的投影</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>指向首对等同元素的前一者的迭代器,即首个使得 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">bool</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-utility-functional-invoke.html"><span class="kw1058">std::<span class="me2">invoke</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>pred, <a href="cpp-utility-functional-invoke.html"><span class="kw1058">std::<span class="me2">invoke</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>proj1, <span class="sy2">*</span>it<span class="br0">)</span>, <a href="cpp-utility-functional-invoke.html"><span class="kw1058">std::<span class="me2">invoke</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>proj, <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">(</span>it <span class="sy2">+</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> 的 <code>it</code> 。</p>
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<p>若找不到这种元素,则返回等于 <code>last</code> 的迭代器。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.A4.8D.E6.9D.82.E5.BA.A6">复杂度</span></h3>
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<p>准确应用 <code>min((result-first)+1, (last-first)-1)</code> 次谓词与投影,其中 <code>result</code> 是返回值。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.AF.E8.83.BD.E7.9A.84.E5.AE.9E.E7.8E.B0">可能的实现</span></h3>
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<table class="eq-fun-cpp-table">
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">struct</span> adjacent_find_fn <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">forward_iterator</span> I, std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sentinel_for</span><span class="sy1"><</span>I<span class="sy1">></span> S, <span class="kw1">class</span> Proj <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">identity</span>,
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">indirect_binary_predicate</span><span class="sy1"><</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">projected</span><span class="sy1"><</span>I, Proj<span class="sy1">></span>,
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">projected</span><span class="sy1"><</span>I, Proj<span class="sy1">>></span> Pred <span class="sy1">=</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">equal_to</span> <span class="sy1">></span>
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<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> I operator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span> I first, S last, Pred pred <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>, Proj proj <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span> <span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">const</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>first <span class="sy1">==</span> last<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> first<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw4">auto</span> next <span class="sy1">=</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">next</span><span class="br0">(</span>first<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy4">;</span> next <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> last<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>next, <span class="sy2">++</span>first<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-utility-functional-invoke.html"><span class="kw1058">std::<span class="me2">invoke</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>pred, <a href="cpp-utility-functional-invoke.html"><span class="kw1058">std::<span class="me2">invoke</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>proj, <span class="sy2">*</span>first<span class="br0">)</span>, <a href="cpp-utility-functional-invoke.html"><span class="kw1058">std::<span class="me2">invoke</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>proj, <span class="sy2">*</span>next<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> first<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> first<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">forward_range</span> R, <span class="kw1">class</span> Proj <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">identity</span>,
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">indirect_binary_predicate</span><span class="sy1"><</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">projected</span><span class="sy1"><</span>ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">iterator_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>R<span class="sy1">></span>, Proj<span class="sy1">></span>,
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">projected</span><span class="sy1"><</span>ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">iterator_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>R<span class="sy1">></span>, Proj<span class="sy1">>></span> Pred <span class="sy1">=</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">equal_to</span> <span class="sy1">></span>
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<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">borrowed_iterator_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>R<span class="sy1">></span>
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operator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span> R<span class="sy3">&&</span> r, Pred pred <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>, Proj proj <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span> <span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">const</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>this<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span>ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span>r<span class="br0">)</span>, ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">end</span><span class="br0">(</span>r<span class="br0">)</span>, <a href="cpp-utility-functional-ref.html"><span class="kw1069">std::<span class="me2">ref</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>pred<span class="br0">)</span>, <a href="cpp-utility-functional-ref.html"><span class="kw1069">std::<span class="me2">ref</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>proj<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">inline</span> <span class="kw4">constexpr</span> adjacent_find_fn adjacent_find<span class="sy4">;</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <algorithm></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <vector></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <functional></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-vector.html"><span class="kw1269">std::<span class="me2">vector</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> v1<span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">0</span>, <span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="nu0">40</span>, <span class="nu0">40</span>, <span class="nu0">41</span>, <span class="nu0">41</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// ^^ ^^</span>
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<span class="kw1">namespace</span> ranges <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ranges</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">auto</span> i1 <span class="sy1">=</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">adjacent_find</span><span class="br0">(</span>v1.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, v1.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>i1 <span class="sy1">==</span> v1.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"No matching adjacent elements<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span> <span class="kw1">else</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"The first adjacent pair of equal elements is at ["</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">distance</span><span class="br0">(</span>v1.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, i1<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"] == "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>i1 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw4">auto</span> i2 <span class="sy1">=</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">adjacent_find</span><span class="br0">(</span>v1, ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">greater</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>i2 <span class="sy1">==</span> v1.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"The entire vector is sorted in ascending order<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span> <span class="kw1">else</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"The last element in the non-decreasing subsequence is at ["</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">distance</span><span class="br0">(</span>v1.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, i2<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"] == "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>i2 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出:</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">The first adjacent pair of equal elements is at [4] == 40
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The last element in the non-decreasing subsequence is at [7] == 41</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges-unique.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::unique</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>移除范围中的连续重复元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(niebloid)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-adjacent_find.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>adjacent_find</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>查找首对相邻的相同(或满足给定谓词的)元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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