258 lines
20 KiB
HTML
258 lines
20 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>std::stack<T,Container>::stack</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_container_stack_stack skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-page-template cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::stack<T,Container>::</span>stack</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-container.html">container</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-container-stack.html">stack</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<div class="t-page-template" style="">
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<p></p>
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</div>
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<tbody>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">stack<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy4">:</span> stack<span class="br0">(</span>Container<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="br0">}</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tbody class="t-dcl-rev t-dcl-rev-num">
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<tr class="t-dcl-rev-aux">
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<td></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(2)</td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-until-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">explicit</span> stack<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> Container<span class="sy3">&</span> cont <span class="sy1">=</span> Container<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">explicit</span> stack<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> Container<span class="sy3">&</span> cont <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">explicit</span> stack<span class="br0">(</span> Container<span class="sy3">&&</span> cont <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(3)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">stack<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> stack<span class="sy3">&</span> other <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(4)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">stack<span class="br0">(</span> stack<span class="sy3">&&</span> other <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(5)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx23">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> InputIt <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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stack<span class="br0">(</span> InputIt first, InputIt last <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(6)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx23">(C++23 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> Alloc <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw1">explicit</span> stack<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> Alloc<span class="sy3">&</span> alloc <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(7)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> Alloc <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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stack<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> Container<span class="sy3">&</span> cont, <span class="kw4">const</span> Alloc<span class="sy3">&</span> alloc <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(8)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> Alloc <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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stack<span class="br0">(</span> Container<span class="sy3">&&</span> cont, <span class="kw4">const</span> Alloc<span class="sy3">&</span> alloc <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(9)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> Alloc <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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stack<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> stack<span class="sy3">&</span> other, <span class="kw4">const</span> Alloc<span class="sy3">&</span> alloc <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(10)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> Alloc <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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stack<span class="br0">(</span> stack<span class="sy3">&&</span> other, <span class="kw4">const</span> Alloc<span class="sy3">&</span> alloc <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(11)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx23">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> InputIt, <span class="kw1">class</span> Alloc <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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stack<span class="br0">(</span> InputIt first, InputIt last, <span class="kw4">const</span> Alloc<span class="sy3">&</span> alloc <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(12)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx23">(C++23 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>从各种数据源构造容器适配器的新底层容器。</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 默认构造函数。值初始化容器。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 以 <code>cont</code> 的内容复制构造底层容器 <code>c</code> 。<span class="t-rev-inl t-until-cxx11"><span>此亦为默认构造函数。</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></span></span></div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> 以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">move</span><span class="br0">(</span>cont<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 移动构造底层容器 <code>c</code> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4)</span> 复制构造函数。以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">other.<span class="me1">c</span></span></span> 的内容复制构造适配器。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">5)</span> 移动构造函数。以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">move</span><span class="br0">(</span>other.<span class="me1">c</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 构造适配器。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">6)</span> 以范围 <code>[first, last)</code> 的内容构造底层容器 <code>c</code> 。此重载仅若 <code>InputIt</code> 满足<a href="cpp-named_req-InputIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式输入迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyInputIterator)</span></a> 才参与重载决议。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">7-12)</span> 这些构造函数仅若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-memory-uses_allocator.html"><span class="kw704">std::<span class="me2">uses_allocator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>Container, Alloc<span class="sy1">></span></span></span> 为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> ，即底层容器是知分配器容器（对所有标准库容器为 true ）才参与重载决议。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">7)</span> 以 <code>alloc</code> 为分配器构造底层容器，如同以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c<span class="br0">(</span>alloc<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">8)</span> 用 <code>cont</code> 的内容，并以 <code>alloc</code> 为分配器构造底层容器，如同以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c<span class="br0">(</span>cont, alloc<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">9)</span> 以 <code>cont</code> 的内容用移动语义，同时以 <code>alloc</code> 为分配器构造底层容器，如同以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c<span class="br0">(</span>std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">move</span><span class="br0">(</span>cont<span class="br0">)</span>, alloc<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">10)</span> 以 <code>other.c</code> 的内容，并以 <code>alloc</code> 为分配器构造适配器，如同以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c<span class="br0">(</span>other.<span class="me1">c</span>, alloc<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">11)</span> 以 <code>other</code> 的内容使用移动语义，并以 <code>alloc</code> 为分配器构造适配器，如同以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c<span class="br0">(</span>std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">move</span><span class="br0">(</span>other.<span class="me1">c</span><span class="br0">)</span>, alloc<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">12)</span> 以范围 <code>[first, last)</code> 的内容并以 <code>alloc</code> 为分配器构造底层容器，如同用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">c<span class="br0">(</span>first, last, alloc<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。此重载仅若 <code>InputIt</code> 满足<a href="cpp-named_req-InputIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式输入迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyInputIterator)</span></a> 才参与重载决议。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>alloc</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>用于底层容器所有内存分配的分配器</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>other</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>用作源初始化底层容器的另一容器适配器</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>cont</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>用作源初始化底层容器的容器</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>first, last</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>用以初始化的元素范围</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-hitem">
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<td colspan="3">类型要求</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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<code>Alloc</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-Allocator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">分配器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Allocator)</span></a> 的要求。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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<code>Container</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-Container.html"><span style="font-style:italic">容器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Container)</span></a> 的要求。接受一个分配器参数的构造函数仅若 <code>Container</code> 满足<a href="cpp-named_req-AllocatorAwareContainer.html"><span style="font-style:italic">知分配器容器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(AllocatorAwareContainer)</span></a> 的要求参与重载决议。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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<code>InputIt</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-InputIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式输入迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyInputIterator)</span></a> 的要求。</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.A4.8D.E6.9D.82.E5.BA.A6">复杂度</span></h3>
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<p>同被包装容器上的对应操作。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <stack></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <deque></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-stack.html"><span class="kw1297">std::<span class="me2">stack</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> c1<span class="sy4">;</span>
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c1.<span class="me1">push</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">5</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> c1.<span class="me1">size</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-stack.html"><span class="kw1297">std::<span class="me2">stack</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> c2<span class="br0">(</span>c1<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> c2.<span class="me1">size</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-deque.html"><span class="kw1271">std::<span class="me2">deque</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> deq <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-stack.html"><span class="kw1297">std::<span class="me2">stack</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> c3<span class="br0">(</span>deq<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> c3.<span class="me1">size</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出：</p>
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|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="text source-text">
|
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<pre class="de1">1
|
|
1
|
|
5</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.BC.BA.E9.99.B7.E6.8A.A5.E5.91.8A">缺陷报告</span></h3>
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<p>下列更改行为的缺陷报告追溯地应用于以前出版的 C++ 标准。</p>
|
|
<table class="dsctable" style="font-size:0.8em">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>DR</th>
|
|
<th>应用于</th>
|
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<th>出版时的行为</th>
|
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<th>正确行为</th>
|
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</tr>
|
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<tr>
|
|
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wg21.link/P0935R0">P0935R0</a></td>
|
|
<td>C++11</td>
|
|
<td>默认构造函数曾为 explicit</td>
|
|
<td>使之为隐式</td>
|
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</tr>
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|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
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<td>
|
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-stack-operator=.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator=</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>赋值给容器适配器<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="visualClear"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</body>
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</html>
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