290 lines
27 KiB
HTML
290 lines
27 KiB
HTML
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<title>std::basic_ostream<CharT,Traits>::operator<<</title>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::basic_ostream<CharT,Traits>::</span>operator<<</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-io.html">io</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream.html">basic ostream</a></span></div>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">short</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span><br />
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basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">short</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span><br />
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basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span><br />
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basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(3)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span><br />
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basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(4)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">float</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span><br /></span>
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<p>basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span><br /></p>
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basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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<td>(5)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">bool</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(6)</td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(7)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx23">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">volatile</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(8)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx23">(C++23 起)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <a href="cpp-types-nullptr_t.html"><span class="kw102">std::<span class="me2">nullptr_t</span></span></a> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(9)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span> <a href="cpp-io-basic_streambuf.html"><span class="kw1666">std::<span class="me2">basic_streambuf</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT, Traits<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy2">*</span> sb <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(10)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span><br />
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<a href="cpp-io-ios_base.html"><span class="kw1669">std::<span class="me2">ios_base</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>func<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-ios_base.html"><span class="kw1669">std::<span class="me2">ios_base</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(11)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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</tr>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span><br />
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<a href="cpp-io-basic_ios.html"><span class="kw1712">std::<span class="me2">basic_ios</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,Traits<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>func<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-basic_ios.html"><span class="kw1712">std::<span class="me2">basic_ios</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,Traits<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(12)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">basic_ostream<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span><br />
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<a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream.html"><span class="kw1715">std::<span class="me2">basic_ostream</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,Traits<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>func<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream.html"><span class="kw1715">std::<span class="me2">basic_ostream</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,Traits<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(13)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>插入数据到流。</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-2)</span> 表现同<a href="cpp-named_req-FormattedOutputFunction.html"><span style="font-style:italic">有格式输出函数</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(FormattedOutputFunction)</span></a> 。在构造并检查 sentry 对象后，若 <code>value</code> 为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">short</span></span></span> 或 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span> ，则将它转型为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">short</span></span></span> 或 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span> ，若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ios_base<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">flags</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy3">&</span> ios_base<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">basefield</span></span></span> 为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ios_base<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">oct</span></span></span> 或 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ios_base<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">hex</span></span></span> 。之后，不论任何情况，将它转型为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span></span></span> 并按 <span class="t-v">(3)</span> 中方式输出。若 <code>value</code> 是 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">short</span></span></span> 或 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span> ，则将它转型为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span></span></span> 并按 <span class="t-v">(3)</span> 中方式输出。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3-7)</span> 表现同<a href="cpp-named_req-FormattedOutputFunction.html"><span style="font-style:italic">有格式输出函数</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(FormattedOutputFunction)</span></a> 。在构造并检查 sentry 对象后，通过调用 <a href="cpp-locale-num_put-put.html"><tt>num_put::put()</tt></a> 插入整数、浮点数、布尔或通用指针值。若在输出中遇到文件尾（ <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">put<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">failed</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> ），则设置 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ios<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">badbit</span></span></span> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">8)</span> 将 <code>value</code> 转型到 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> 并按 <span class="t-v">(7)</span> 输出。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">9)</span> 如同用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">*</span>this <span class="sy1"><<</span> s</span></span> 输出实现定义的字符串，其中 <code>s</code> 是空终止字符类型字符串。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">10)</span> 表现同<a href="cpp-named_req-UnformattedOutputFunction.html"><span style="font-style:italic">无格式输出函数</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(UnformattedOutputFunction)</span></a> 。在构造并检查 sentry 对象后，检查 <code>sb</code> 是否空指针。若它是，则执行 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">setstate<span class="br0">(</span>badbit<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 并退出。否则，从 <code>sb</code> 所控制的输入序列释出字符，并将它们插入到 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">*</span>this</span></span> ，直至满足下列条件之一为止：
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>输入序列上出现文件尾；</li>
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<li>插入输出序列失败（该情况下不会释出要被插入的字符）；</li>
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<li>发生异常（该情况下异常被捕捉）。</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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若没有插入字符，则执行 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">setstate<span class="br0">(</span>failbit<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。若在释放中抛出异常，则设置 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">failbit</span></span> ，而且若 <code>failbit</code> 设置于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">exceptions<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，则重抛异常。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">11-13)</span> 调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">func<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>this<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。这些重载用于实现输出 I/O 操纵符，例如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-endl.html">std::endl</a></span> 。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>value</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要插入的整数、浮点、布尔或指针值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>func</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要调用的函数</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>sb</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>指向要自之读取数据的 streambuffer 的指针</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-11)</span> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">*</span>this</span></span></div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">12)</span> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">func<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>this<span class="br0">)</span></span></span></div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">注解</span></h3>
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<p>无对指向非静态数据成员指针<span class="t-rev-inl t-until-cxx23"><span>、指向 volatile 指针</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx23">(C++23 前)</span></span></span>或函数指针（除了拥有 <span class="t-v">(11-13)</span> 重载所接受之签名者）的重载。试图输出这种对象会引发到 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">bool</span></span></span> 的隐式转换，并对于任何非空指针值打印值 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">1</span></span></span> （除非设置了 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">boolalpha</span></span> ，该情况下打印 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> ）。</p>
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<p>字符与字符串参数（例如拥有 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">char</span></span></span> 类型或 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> 类型者）以 <code>operator<<</code> 的<a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream-operator_ltlt2.html">非成员重载</a>处理。试图用成员函数调用语法（例如 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a>.<span class="me1">operator</span><span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">'c'</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span> ）会调用重载 <span class="t-v">(2-4)</span> 之一，并输出数字值。试图用成员函数调用语法输出字符串会调用重载 <span class="t-v">(7)</span> ，并替而打印指针值。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iomanip></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <sstream></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-basic_istringstream.html"><span class="kw1735">std::<span class="me2">istringstream</span></span></a> input<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">" <span class="es1">\"</span>Some text.<span class="es1">\"</span> "</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">volatile</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">42</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">double</span> f <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu16">3.14</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">bool</span> b <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="kw2">true</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n <span class="co1">// int 重载</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span> <span class="co1">// 非成员重载</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-io-manip-boolalpha.html"><span class="kw1764">std::<span class="me2">boolalpha</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> b <span class="co1">// bool 重载</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" "</span> <span class="co1">// non-member overload</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-io-manip-fixed.html"><span class="kw1784">std::<span class="me2">fixed</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> f <span class="co1">// double 重载</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> input.<span class="me1">rdbuf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="co1">// streambuf 重载</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>n <span class="co1">// bool 重载： volatile int* 不转换成 const void*</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-io-manip-endl.html"><span class="kw1791">std::<span class="me2">endl</span></span></a><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 函数重载</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">42 true 3.140000 "Some text." true</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
|
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream-operator_ltlt2.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator<<<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::basic_ostream)</span></span></span></a></div>
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|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>插入字符数据<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-string-basic_string-operator_ltltgtgt.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator<<</span><span>operator>></span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>执行字符串的流输入与输出<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-bitset-operator_ltltgtgt2.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator<<</span><span>operator>></span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>执行 bitset 的流输入和输出<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-numeric-complex-operator_ltltgtgt.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator<<</span><span>operator>></span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>复数的序列化和反序列化<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-linear_congruential_engine-operator_ltltgtgt.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator<<</span><span>operator>></span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>执行伪随机数引擎的流输入和输出<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-uniform_int_distribution-operator_ltltgtgt.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator<<</span><span>operator>></span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>执行伪随机数分布的流输入和输出<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream-put.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>put</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>插入字符<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream-write.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>write</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>插入字符块<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-utility-to_chars.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>to_chars</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>转换整数或浮点值到字符序列<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="visualClear"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
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