296 lines
25 KiB
HTML
296 lines
25 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<title>std::ranges::partial_sort</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_algorithm_ranges_partial_sort skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::ranges::</span>partial_sort</h1>
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-algorithm.html">algorithm</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges.html">ranges</a></span></div>
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-algorithm.html"><algorithm></a></code></div>
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<td></td>
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<div>调用签名</div>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span> <span class="sy1"><</span>std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">random_access_iterator</span> I, std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sentinel_for</span><span class="sy1"><</span>I<span class="sy1">></span> S,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">class</span> Comp <span class="sy1">=</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">less</span>, <span class="kw1">class</span> Proj <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">identity</span><span class="sy1">></span><br />
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requires std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sortable</span><span class="sy1"><</span>I, Comp, Proj<span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> I<br /></p>
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partial_sort<span class="br0">(</span> I first, I middle, S last, Comp comp <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>, Proj proj <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span> <span class="sy1"><</span>ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">random_access_range</span> R, <span class="kw1">class</span> Comp <span class="sy1">=</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">less</span>,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">class</span> Proj <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">identity</span><span class="sy1">></span><br />
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requires std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sortable</span><span class="sy1"><</span>ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">iterator_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>R<span class="sy1">></span>, Comp, Proj<span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">borrowed_iterator_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>R<span class="sy1">></span><br /></p>
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partial_sort<span class="br0">(</span> R<span class="sy3">&&</span> r, ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">iterator_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>R<span class="sy1">></span> middle, Comp comp <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>, Proj proj <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 重排元素使得范围 <code>[first, middle)</code> 含有范围 <code>[first, last)</code> 中 <code>middle - first</code> 个最小的元素。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> <i>不</i>保证保持相等元素的顺序。范围 <code>[middle, last)</code> 中剩余元素的顺序<i>未指定</i>。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> 用给定的二元比较函数 <code>comp</code> 比较，用 <code>proj</code> 函数对象投影元素。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 同 <span class="t-v">(1)</span> ，但以 <code>r</code> 为范围，如同以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span>r<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为 <code>first</code> 并以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">end</span><span class="br0">(</span>r<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为 <code>last</code> 。</div>
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<p>此页面上描述的仿函数实体是 <i>niebloid</i> ，即：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>调用它们中的任何一者时不可指定显式模板实参。</li>
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<li>它们无一对<a href="cpp-language-adl.html">实参依赖查找</a>可见。</li>
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<li>在<a href="cpp-language-unqualified_lookup.html">通常无限定查找</a>寻找函数调用运算符左侧的名称找到它们之一时，它禁止<a href="cpp-language-adl.html">实参依赖查找</a>。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>实际上，它们能以函数对象，或以某些特殊编译器扩展实现。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>first, last</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>定义要排序的范围的迭代器-哨位对</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>r</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要排序的范围</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>middle</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>定义要排序的末元素的迭代器</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>comp</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>应用到投影后元素的比较器</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>proj</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>应用到元素的投影</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>等于 <code>last</code> 的迭代器。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.A4.8D.E6.9D.82.E5.BA.A6">复杂度</span></h3>
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<p><span class="mjax" style="display:none">\(\scriptsize \mathcal{O}(N\cdot\log{(M)})\)</span><span class="mjax-fallback texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">𝓞(N·log(M))</span> 次比较和二倍次数的投影，其中 <span class="mjax" style="display:none">\(\scriptsize N\)</span><span class="mjax-fallback texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">N</span> 为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">distance</span><span class="br0">(</span>first, last<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ， <span class="mjax" style="display:none">\(\scriptsize M\)</span><span class="mjax-fallback texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">M</span> 为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">distance</span><span class="br0">(</span>first, middle<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.AF.E8.83.BD.E7.9A.84.E5.AE.9E.E7.8E.B0">可能的实现</span></h3>
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<table class="eq-fun-cpp-table">
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">struct</span> partial_sort_fn <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">template</span> <span class="sy1"><</span>std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">random_access_iterator</span> I, std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sentinel_for</span><span class="sy1"><</span>I<span class="sy1">></span> S,
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<span class="kw1">class</span> Comp <span class="sy1">=</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">less</span>, <span class="kw1">class</span> Proj <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">identity</span><span class="sy1">></span>
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requires std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sortable</span><span class="sy1"><</span>I, Comp, Proj<span class="sy1">></span>
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<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> I
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operator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span> I first, I middle, S last, Comp comp <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>, Proj proj <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span> <span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>first <span class="sy1">==</span> middle<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">return</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">next</span><span class="br0">(</span>first, last<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">make_heap</span><span class="br0">(</span>first, middle, comp, proj<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">auto</span> it <span class="br0">{</span>middle<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy4">;</span> it <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> last<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>it<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-utility-functional-invoke.html"><span class="kw1058">std::<span class="me2">invoke</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>comp, <a href="cpp-utility-functional-invoke.html"><span class="kw1058">std::<span class="me2">invoke</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>proj, <span class="sy2">*</span>it<span class="br0">)</span>, <a href="cpp-utility-functional-invoke.html"><span class="kw1058">std::<span class="me2">invoke</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>proj, <span class="sy2">*</span>first<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">pop_heap</span><span class="br0">(</span>first, middle, comp, proj<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">iter_swap</span><span class="br0">(</span>middle <span class="sy2">-</span> <span class="nu0">1</span>, it<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">push_heap</span><span class="br0">(</span>first, middle, comp, proj<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sort_heap</span><span class="br0">(</span>first, middle, comp, proj<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> it<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw1">template</span> <span class="sy1"><</span>ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">random_access_range</span> R, <span class="kw1">class</span> Comp <span class="sy1">=</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">less</span>,
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<span class="kw1">class</span> Proj <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">identity</span><span class="sy1">></span>
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requires std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sortable</span><span class="sy1"><</span>ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">iterator_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>R<span class="sy1">></span>, Comp, Proj<span class="sy1">></span>
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<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">borrowed_iterator_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>R<span class="sy1">></span>
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operator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span> R<span class="sy3">&&</span> r, ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">iterator_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>R<span class="sy1">></span> middle, Comp comp <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>, Proj proj <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span> <span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>this<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span>ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span>r<span class="br0">)</span>, std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">move</span><span class="br0">(</span>middle<span class="br0">)</span>, ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">end</span><span class="br0">(</span>r<span class="br0">)</span>,
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">move</span><span class="br0">(</span>comp<span class="br0">)</span>, std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">move</span><span class="br0">(</span>proj<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">inline</span> <span class="kw4">constexpr</span> partial_sort_fn partial_sort<span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <algorithm></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <functional></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <string></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <vector></span>
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<span class="kw4">void</span> print<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">auto</span><span class="sy3">&</span> v<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> e <span class="sy4">:</span> v<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> e <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw4">void</span> underscore<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">while</span> <span class="br0">(</span>n<span class="sy2">--</span> <span class="sy1">></span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"^ "</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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static_assert<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">'A'</span> <span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="st0">'a'</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-vector.html"><span class="kw1269">std::<span class="me2">vector</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">></span> v<span class="br0">{</span><span class="st0">'x'</span>, <span class="st0">'P'</span>, <span class="st0">'y'</span>, <span class="st0">'C'</span>, <span class="st0">'z'</span>, <span class="st0">'w'</span>, <span class="st0">'P'</span>, <span class="st0">'o'</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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print<span class="br0">(</span>v<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ranges</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">partial_sort</span><span class="br0">(</span>v, v.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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print<span class="br0">(</span>v<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> underscore<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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static_assert<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">'1'</span> <span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="st0">'a'</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a> s<span class="br0">{</span><span class="st0">"3a1b41c5"</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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print<span class="br0">(</span>s<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ranges</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">partial_sort</span><span class="br0">(</span>s.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, s.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> <span class="nu0">3</span>, s.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, <a href="cpp-utility-functional-greater.html"><span class="kw1037">std::<span class="me2">greater</span></span></a><span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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print<span class="br0">(</span>s<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> underscore<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">x P y C z w P o
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C P P y z x w o
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^ ^ ^
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3 a 1 b 4 1 c 5
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c b a 1 3 1 4 5
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^ ^ ^</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges-partial_sort_copy.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::partial_sort_copy</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>对范围内的元素进行复制并部分排序<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(niebloid)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges-sort.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::sort</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>将范围按升序排序<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(niebloid)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges-stable_sort.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::stable_sort</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>将范围内的元素排序，同时保持相等的元素之间的顺序<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(niebloid)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges-nth_element.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::nth_element</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>将给定的范围部分排序，确保其按给定元素划分<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(niebloid)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges-make_heap.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::make_heap</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>从一个元素范围创建出一个最大堆<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(niebloid)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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|
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges-pop_heap.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::pop_heap</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>从最大堆中移除最大元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(niebloid)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges-push_heap.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::push_heap</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
|
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<td>将一个元素加入到一个最大堆<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(niebloid)</span></td>
|
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</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges-sort_heap.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::sort_heap</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>将一个最大堆变成一个按升序排序的元素范围<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(niebloid)</span></td>
|
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</tr>
|
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<tr class="t-dsc">
|
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-partial_sort.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>partial_sort</span></span></a></div>
|
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</div>
|
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</td>
|
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<td>排序一个范围的前 N 个元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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