464 lines
32 KiB
HTML
464 lines
32 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<title>std::array</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_container_array skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>array</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-container.html">container</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-array.html"><array></a></code></div>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">class</span> T,<br />
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<a href="cpp-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">std::<span class="me2">size_t</span></span></a> N<br /></p>
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<span class="sy1">></span> <span class="kw1">struct</span> array<span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<p><code>std::array</code> 是封装固定大小数组的容器。</p>
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<p>此容器是一个聚合类型，其语义等同于保有一个 <a href="cpp-language-array.html">C 风格数组</a> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">T<span class="br0">[</span>N<span class="br0">]</span></span></span> 作为其唯一非静态数据成员的结构体。不同于 C 风格数组，它不会自动退化成 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">T<span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> 。它能作为聚合类型<a href="cpp-language-aggregate_initialization.html">聚合初始化</a>，只要有至多 <code>N</code> 个能转换成 <code>T</code> 的初始化器： <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">array</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="sy1">></span> a <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">1</span>,<span class="nu0">2</span>,<span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span> 。</p>
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<p>该结构体结合了 C 风格数组的性能、可访问性与容器的优点，比如可获取大小、支持赋值、随机访问迭代器等。</p>
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<p><code>std::array</code> 满足<a href="cpp-named_req-Container.html"><span style="font-style:italic">容器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Container)</span></a> 和<a href="cpp-named_req-ReversibleContainer.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可逆容器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(ReversibleContainer)</span></a> 的要求，除了默认构造的 array 是非空的，以及进行交换的复杂度是线性，它<span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx17"><span>满足<a href="cpp-named_req-ContiguousContainer.html"><span style="font-style:italic">连续容器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(ContiguousContainer)</span></a></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></span></span>的要求并部分满足<a href="cpp-named_req-SequenceContainer.html"><span style="font-style:italic">序列容器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(SequenceContainer)</span></a> 的要求。</p>
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<p>当其长度为零时 <code>array</code> （ <code>N == 0</code> ）有特殊情况。此时， <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">array.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> array.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，并拥有某个唯一值。在零长 <code>array</code> 上调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">front<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 或 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">back<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 是未定义的。</p>
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<p>亦可将 <code>array</code> 当做拥有 <code>N</code> 个同类型元素的元组。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.AD.E4.BB.A3.E5.99.A8.E9.9D.9E.E6.B3.95.E5.8C.96">迭代器非法化</span></h3>
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<p>按照规则，指向 <code>array</code> 的迭代器在 <code>array</code> 的生存期间决不非法化。然而要注意，在 <a href="cpp-container-array-swap.html">swap</a> 时，迭代器将继续指向同一 <code>array</code> 的元素，并将改变元素的值。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B">成员类型</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
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<td>成员类型</td>
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<td>定义</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>value_type</code></td>
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<td><code>T</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>size_type</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-types-size_t.html">std::size_t</a></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>difference_type</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-types-ptrdiff_t.html">std::ptrdiff_t</a></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>reference</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">value_type<span class="sy3">&</span></span></span></td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>const_reference</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">const</span> value_type<span class="sy3">&</span></span></span></td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>pointer</code></td>
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<td><code>value_type*</code></td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>const_pointer</code></td>
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<td><code>const value_type*</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>iterator</code></td>
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<td>
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<table class="t-rev-begin t-rev-begin-noborder">
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<td>
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<p>指向 <code>value_type</code> 的<a href="cpp-named_req-RandomAccessIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式随机访问迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyRandomAccessIterator)</span></a> 及<a href="cpp-named_req-ContiguousIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式连续迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyContiguousIterator)</span></a></p>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-rev t-until-cxx20">
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<td>
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<p>指向 <code>value_type</code> 的<a href="cpp-named_req-RandomAccessIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式随机访问迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyRandomAccessIterator)</span></a> 及<a href="cpp-named_req-ContiguousIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式连续迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyContiguousIterator)</span></a> 且为<a href="cpp-named_req-LiteralType.html"><span style="font-style:italic">字面类型</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LiteralType)</span></a></p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx20">
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<td>
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<p>指向 <code>value_type</code> 的<a href="cpp-named_req-RandomAccessIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式随机访问迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyRandomAccessIterator)</span></a> 、<a href="cpp-iterator-contiguous_iterator.html"><code>contiguous_iterator</code></a> 及<a href="cpp-named_req-ConstexprIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">常量表达式迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(ConstexprIterator)</span></a></p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>const_iterator</code></td>
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<td>
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<table class="t-rev-begin t-rev-begin-noborder">
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<tr class="t-rev">
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<td>
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<p>指向 <code>const value_type</code> 的<a href="cpp-named_req-RandomAccessIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式随机访问迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyRandomAccessIterator)</span></a> 及<a href="cpp-named_req-ContiguousIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式连续迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyContiguousIterator)</span></a></p>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-rev t-until-cxx20">
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<td>
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<p>指向 <code>const value_type</code> 的<a href="cpp-named_req-RandomAccessIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式随机访问迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyRandomAccessIterator)</span></a> 及<a href="cpp-named_req-ContiguousIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式连续迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyContiguousIterator)</span></a> 且为<a href="cpp-named_req-LiteralType.html"><span style="font-style:italic">字面类型</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LiteralType)</span></a></p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx20">
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<td>
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<p>指向 <code>const value_type</code> 的<a href="cpp-named_req-RandomAccessIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式随机访问迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyRandomAccessIterator)</span></a> 、<a href="cpp-iterator-contiguous_iterator.html"><code>contiguous_iterator</code></a> 及<a href="cpp-named_req-ConstexprIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">常量表达式迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(ConstexprIterator)</span></a></p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>reverse_iterator</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-iterator-reverse_iterator.html"><span class="kw658">std::<span class="me2">reverse_iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>iterator<span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>const_reverse_iterator</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-iterator-reverse_iterator.html"><span class="kw658">std::<span class="me2">reverse_iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>const_iterator<span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">成员函数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E9.9A.90.E5.BC.8F.E5.AE.9A.E4.B9.89.E7.9A.84.E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">隐式定义的成员函数</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>(构造函数)</span></span></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark">(隐式声明)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>遵循<a href="cpp-language-aggregate_initialization.html">聚合初始化</a>的规则初始化 <code>array</code> （注意默认初始化可以导致非类的 <code>T</code> 的不确定值）<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>(析构函数)</span></span></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark">(隐式声明)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>销毁 <code>array</code> 的每个元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>operator=</span></span></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark">(隐式声明)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>以来自另一 <code>array</code> 的每个元素重写 <code>array</code> 的对应元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.85.83.E7.B4.A0.E8.AE.BF.E9.97.AE">元素访问</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-array-at.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>at</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>访问指定的元素，同时进行越界检查<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-array-operator_at.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>访问指定的元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-array-front.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>front</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>访问第一个元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-array-back.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>back</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>访问最后一个元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-array-data.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>data</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>直接访问底层数组<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.AD.E4.BB.A3.E5.99.A8">迭代器</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-array-begin.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>begin</span> <span>cbegin</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回指向起始的迭代器<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
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<div><a href="cpp-container-array-end.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>end</span> <span>cend</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
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</div>
|
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</td>
|
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<td>返回指向末尾的迭代器<br />
|
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
|
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<tr class="t-dsc">
|
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<td>
|
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
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<div><a href="cpp-container-array-rbegin.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>rbegin</span><span>crbegin</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回指向起始的逆向迭代器<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
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<div><a href="cpp-container-array-rend.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>rend</span><span>crend</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回指向末尾的逆向迭代器<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.AE.B9.E9.87.8F">容量</span></h5>
|
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</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-array-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-array-size.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>size</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回容纳的元素数<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-array-max_size.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>max_size</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回可容纳的最大元素数<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.93.8D.E4.BD.9C">操作</span></h5>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-array-fill.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>fill</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>以指定值填充容器<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-array-swap.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>swap</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>交换内容<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E9.9D.9E.E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">非成员函数</span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-array-operator_cmp.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator==</span><span>operator!=</span><span>operator<</span><span>operator<=</span><span>operator></span><span>operator>=</span><span>operator<=></span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 中移除)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 中移除)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 中移除)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 中移除)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 中移除)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>按照字典顺序比较 array 中的值<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-array-get.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>std::get<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::array)</span></span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>访问 <code>array</code> 的一个元素<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-array-swap2.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>std::swap<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::array)</span></span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>特化 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-algorithm-swap.html">std::swap</a></span> 算法<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-array-to_array.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>to_array</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>从内建数组创建 <code>std::array</code> 对象<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BE.85.E5.8A.A9.E7.B1.BB">辅助类</span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-array-tuple_size.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>std::tuple_size<span class="t-dsc-small"><std::array></span></span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>获得 <code>array</code> 的大小<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板特化)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-array-tuple_element.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>std::tuple_element<span class="t-dsc-small"><std::array></span></span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>获得 <code>array</code> 元素的类型<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(类模板特化)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.8E.A8.E5.AF.BC.E6.8C.87.E5.BC.95.28C.2B.2B17_.E8.B5.B7.29"><a href="cpp-container-array-deduction_guides.html">推导指引</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></span></h3>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
|
|
<div class="t-example">
|
|
<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="cpp source-cpp">
|
|
<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <string></span>
|
|
<span class="co2">#include <iterator></span>
|
|
<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
|
|
<span class="co2">#include <algorithm></span>
|
|
<span class="co2">#include <array></span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">{</span>
|
|
<span class="co1">// 用聚合初始化构造</span>
|
|
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">array</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="sy1">></span> a1<span class="br0">{</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">}</span> <span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// CWG 1270 重申前的 C++11 中要求双花括号</span>
|
|
<span class="co1">// （ C++11 之后的版本和 C++14 起不要求）</span>
|
|
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">array</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="sy1">></span> a2 <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// = 后决不要求双花括号</span>
|
|
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">array</span><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a>, <span class="nu0">2</span><span class="sy1">></span> a3 <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"a"</span><span class="br0">)</span>, <span class="st0">"b"</span> <span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="co1">// 支持容器操作</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-algorithm-sort.html"><span class="kw1617">std::<span class="me2">sort</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>a1.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, a1.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-algorithm-reverse_copy.html"><span class="kw1602">std::<span class="me2">reverse_copy</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>a2.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, a2.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>,
|
|
<a href="cpp-iterator-ostream_iterator.html"><span class="kw670">std::<span class="me2">ostream_iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a>, <span class="st0">" "</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="co1">// 支持带范围 for 循环</span>
|
|
<span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">auto</span><span class="sy3">&</span> s<span class="sy4">:</span> a3<span class="br0">)</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> s <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>输出：</p>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="text source-text">
|
|
<pre class="de1">3 2 1
|
|
a b</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-experimental-make_array.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>make_array</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>创建 <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">std::array</strong></span> 对象，从参数推导出其大小和可选的元素类型<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="visualClear"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
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</body>
|
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</html>
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