331 lines
24 KiB
HTML
331 lines
24 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<title>std::list<T,Allocator>::list</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_container_list_list skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-page-template cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::list<T,Allocator>::</span>list</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-container.html">container</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-container-list.html">list</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<div class="t-page-template" style="">
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<p></p>
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<tbody>
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">list<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">explicit</span> list<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> Allocator<span class="sy3">&</span> alloc <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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</tbody>
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<tbody class="t-dcl-rev t-dcl-rev-num">
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<tr class="t-dcl-rev-aux">
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<td></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(3)</td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-until-cxx11">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">explicit</span> list<span class="br0">(</span> size_type count,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> value <span class="sy1">=</span> T<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>,<br /></p>
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<span class="kw4">const</span> Allocator<span class="sy3">&</span> alloc <span class="sy1">=</span> Allocator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">list<span class="br0">(</span> size_type count,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> value,<br /></p>
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<span class="kw4">const</span> Allocator<span class="sy3">&</span> alloc <span class="sy1">=</span> Allocator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tbody></tbody>
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<tbody class="t-dcl-rev t-dcl-rev-num">
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<tr class="t-dcl-rev-aux">
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<td></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(4)</td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11 t-until-cxx14">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">explicit</span> list<span class="br0">(</span> size_type count <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span><br />
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<span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx14">(C++14 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx14">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">explicit</span> list<span class="br0">(</span> size_type count, <span class="kw4">const</span> Allocator<span class="sy3">&</span> alloc <span class="sy1">=</span> Allocator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx98">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> InputIt <span class="sy1">></span><br /></span>
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<p>list<span class="br0">(</span> InputIt first, InputIt last,<br /></p>
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<span class="kw4">const</span> Allocator<span class="sy3">&</span> alloc <span class="sy1">=</span> Allocator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(5)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx98">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">list<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> list<span class="sy3">&</span> other <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(6)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">list<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> list<span class="sy3">&</span> other, <span class="kw4">const</span> Allocator<span class="sy3">&</span> alloc <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(7)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">list<span class="br0">(</span> list<span class="sy3">&&</span> other <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(8)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">list<span class="br0">(</span> list<span class="sy3">&&</span> other, <span class="kw4">const</span> Allocator<span class="sy3">&</span> alloc <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(9)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">list<span class="br0">(</span> <a href="cpp-utility-initializer_list.html"><span class="kw960">std::<span class="me2">initializer_list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">></span> init,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> Allocator<span class="sy3">&</span> alloc <span class="sy1">=</span> Allocator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(10)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<p>从各种数据源构造新容器，可选地使用用户提供的分配器 <code>alloc</code> 。</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 默认构造函数。构造拥有默认构造的分配器的空容器。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 构造拥有给定分配器 <code>alloc</code> 的空容器。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> 构造拥有 <code>count</code> 个有值 <code>value</code> 的元素的容器。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4)</span> 构造拥有个 <code>count</code> <a href="cpp-named_req-DefaultInsertable.html">默认插入</a>的 <code>T</code> 实例的容器。不进行复制。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">5)</span> 构造拥有范围 <code>[first, last)</code> 内容的容器。
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<tr class="t-rev t-until-cxx11">
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<td>
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<p>若 <code>InputIt</code> 是整数类型，则此构造函数拥有的效果同 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">list<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw1">static_cast</span><span class="sy1"><</span>size_type<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>first<span class="br0">)</span>, <span class="kw1">static_cast</span><span class="sy1"><</span>value_type<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>last<span class="br0">)</span>, a<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<p>此重载仅若<code>InputIt</code> 满足<a href="cpp-named_req-InputIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式输入迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyInputIterator)</span></a> 才参与重载决议，以避免和重载 <span class="t-v">(2)</span> 的歧义。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">6)</span> 复制构造函数。构造拥有 <code>other</code> 内容的容器。
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<p>如同通过调用<br />
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<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-memory-allocator_traits.html"><span class="kw701">std::<span class="me2">allocator_traits</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>allocator_type<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">select_on_container_copy_construction</span><span class="br0">(</span><br />
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other.<span class="me1">get_allocator</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span><br />
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获得分配器。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">7)</span> 构造拥有 <code>other</code> 内容的容器，以 <code>alloc</code> 为分配器。
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx23">
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<td>
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<p>在用于<a href="cpp-language-class_template_argument_deduction.html">类模板实参推导</a>时，仅从首个实参推导模板形参 <code>Allocator</code> 。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx23">(C++23 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">8)</span> 移动构造函数。用移动语义构造拥有 <code>other</code> 内容的容器。分配器通过属于 <code>other</code> 的分配器移动构造获得。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">9)</span> 有分配器扩展的移动构造函数。以 <code>alloc</code> 为新容器的分配器，从 <code>other</code> 移动内容；若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">alloc <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> other.<span class="me1">get_allocator</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，则它导致逐元素移动。
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx23">
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<td>
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<p>在用于<a href="cpp-language-class_template_argument_deduction.html">类模板实参推导</a>时，仅从首个实参推导模板形参 <code>Allocator</code> 。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx23">(C++23 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">10)</span> 构造拥有 initializer_list <code>init</code> 内容的容器。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>alloc</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>用于此容器所有内存分配的分配器</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>count</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>容器的大小</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>value</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>以之初始化容器元素的值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>first, last</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>复制元素的来源范围</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>other</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>用作初始化容器元素来源的另一容器</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>init</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>用作初始化元素来源的 initializer_list</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.A4.8D.E6.9D.82.E5.BA.A6">复杂度</span></h3>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-2)</span> 常数</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3-4)</span> 与 <code>count</code> 成线性</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">5)</span> 与 <code>first</code> 和 <code>last</code> 的距离成线性</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">6-7)</span> 与 <code>other</code> 的大小成线性</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">8)</span> 常数。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">9)</span> 若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">alloc <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> other.<span class="me1">get_allocator</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 则为线性，否则为常数。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">10)</span> 与 <code>init</code> 的大小成线性。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8">异常</span></h3>
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<p>调用 <code>Allocator::allocate</code> 可能抛出。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">注解</span></h3>
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<p>在容器移动构造（重载 <span class="t-v">(8)</span> ）后，指向 <code>other</code> 的引用及迭代器（除了尾迭代器）保持合法，但指代现于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">*</span>this</span></span> 中的元素。当前标准由 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eel.is/c++draft/container.requirements.general#12">[container.requirements.general]/12</a> 中的总括陈述作出此保证，而 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue2321">LWG 2321</a> 正在考虑更严格的保证。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <list></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <string></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">typename</span> T<span class="sy1">></span>
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<a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream.html"><span class="kw1729">std::<span class="me2">ostream</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy1"><<</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream.html"><span class="kw1729">std::<span class="me2">ostream</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> s, <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-container-list.html"><span class="kw1275">std::<span class="me2">list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> v<span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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s.<span class="me1">put</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">'['</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">char</span> comma<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="st0">'<span class="es5">\0</span>'</span>, <span class="st0">' '</span>, <span class="st0">'<span class="es5">\0</span>'</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">auto</span><span class="sy3">&</span> e <span class="sy4">:</span> v<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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s <span class="sy1"><<</span> comma <span class="sy1"><<</span> e<span class="sy4">;</span>
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comma<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="st0">','</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> s <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">']'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="co1">// C++11 初始化器列表语法：</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-list.html"><span class="kw1275">std::<span class="me2">list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a><span class="sy1">></span> words1 <span class="br0">{</span><span class="st0">"the"</span>, <span class="st0">"frogurt"</span>, <span class="st0">"is"</span>, <span class="st0">"also"</span>, <span class="st0">"cursed"</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"words1: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> words1 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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|
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<span class="co1">// words2 == words1</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-list.html"><span class="kw1275">std::<span class="me2">list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a><span class="sy1">></span> words2<span class="br0">(</span>words1.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, words1.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"words2: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> words2 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="co1">// words3 == words1</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-container-list.html"><span class="kw1275">std::<span class="me2">list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a><span class="sy1">></span> words3<span class="br0">(</span>words1<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"words3: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> words3 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="co1">// words4 为 {"Mo", "Mo", "Mo", "Mo", "Mo"}</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-container-list.html"><span class="kw1275">std::<span class="me2">list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a><span class="sy1">></span> words4<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="st0">"Mo"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"words4: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> words4 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>输出：</p>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="text source-text">
|
|
<pre class="de1">words1: [the, frogurt, is, also, cursed]
|
|
words2: [the, frogurt, is, also, cursed]
|
|
words3: [the, frogurt, is, also, cursed]
|
|
words4: [Mo, Mo, Mo, Mo, Mo]</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.BC.BA.E9.99.B7.E6.8A.A5.E5.91.8A">缺陷报告</span></h3>
|
|
<p>下列更改行为的缺陷报告追溯地应用于以前出版的 C++ 标准。</p>
|
|
<table class="dsctable" style="font-size:0.8em">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>DR</th>
|
|
<th>应用于</th>
|
|
<th>出版时的行为</th>
|
|
<th>正确行为</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue2193">LWG 2193</a></td>
|
|
<td>C++11</td>
|
|
<td>默认构造函数为 explicit</td>
|
|
<td>使之为非 explicit</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-list-assign.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>assign</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>将值赋给容器<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-list-operator=.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator=</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>赋值给容器<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="visualClear"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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