174 lines
19 KiB
HTML
174 lines
19 KiB
HTML
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<title>std::basic_stringbuf<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::underflow</title>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::basic_stringbuf<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::</span>underflow</h1>
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-io.html">io</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-io-basic_stringbuf.html">basic stringbuf</a></span></div>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">protected</span><span class="sy4">:</span><br />
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<span class="kw1">virtual</span> int_type underflow<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></div>
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<p>从缓冲的获取区读取下个字符。</p>
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<p>具体而言:</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 若输入序列拥有可用的读位置( <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">egptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">></span> gptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ),则返回 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Traits<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">to_int_type</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>gptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 否则,若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">pptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">></span> egptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> (从上次更改 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-basic_streambuf-gptr.html">egptr()</a></span> 的 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-basic_stringbuf-overflow.html">overflow()</a></span> 起插入了一些字符到流中),则通过更改 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-basic_streambuf-gptr.html">egptr()</a></span> 为等于 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-basic_streambuf-pptr.html">pptr()</a></span> ,扩展获取区结尾以包含最近插入的字符,再返回 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Traits<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">to_int_type</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>gptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> 否则,返回 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Traits<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">eof</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</div>
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<p>缓冲区中任何已被初始化的字符,无关乎它源自构造函数中传递的字符串还是为 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-basic_stringbuf-overflow.html">overflow()</a></span> 所后附,都被认为是输入序列的一部分。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<p>(无)</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>成功情况下为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Traits<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">to_int_type</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>gptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> (获取区中要读取的下个字符),失败情况下为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Traits<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">eof</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <sstream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="kw1">struct</span> mybuf <span class="sy4">:</span> <a href="cpp-io-basic_stringbuf.html"><span class="kw1726">std::<span class="me2">stringbuf</span></span></a>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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mybuf<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> new_str,
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<a href="cpp-io-ios_base-openmode.html"><span class="kw1671">std::<span class="me2">ios_base</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">openmode</span></span></a> which <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-io-ios_base-openmode.html"><span class="kw1674">std::<span class="me2">ios_base</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">in</span></span></a><span class="sy3">|</span><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-openmode.html"><span class="kw1675">std::<span class="me2">ios_base</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">out</span></span></a><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="sy4">:</span> <a href="cpp-io-basic_stringbuf.html"><span class="kw1726">std::<span class="me2">stringbuf</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>new_str, which<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>
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int_type overflow<span class="br0">(</span>int_type c<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Before overflow(): get area size is "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> egptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span>eback<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" the put area size is "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> epptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span>pbase<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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int_type rc <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">stringbuf</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">overflow</span><span class="br0">(</span>c<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"After overflow(): get area size is "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> egptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span>eback<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" put area size is "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> epptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span>pbase<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> rc<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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int_type underflow<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Before underflow(): get area size is "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> egptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span>eback<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" put area size is "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> epptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span>pbase<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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int_type ch <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">stringbuf</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">underflow</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"After underflow(): get area size is "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> egptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span>eback<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" put area size is "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> epptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span>pbase<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span><span class="br0">(</span>ch <span class="sy1">==</span> <a href="cpp-io-c.html"><span class="kw1882">EOF</span></a><span class="br0">)</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"underflow() returns EOF<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">else</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"underflow() returns '"</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="br0">(</span>ch<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"'<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> ch<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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mybuf sbuf<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"123"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 读写流</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-basic_iostream.html"><span class="kw1731">std::<span class="me2">iostream</span></span></a> stream<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&</span>sbuf<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> n<span class="sy4">;</span>
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stream <span class="sy1">>></span> n<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 调用 sgetc() 四次</span>
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<span class="co1">// 三次调用返回字符 '1' 、 '2' 、 '3'</span>
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<span class="co1">// 第四次调用, gptr() == egptr() 并调用 underflow()</span>
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<span class="co1">// underflow 返回 EOF</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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stream.<span class="me1">clear</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 清除 eofbit</span>
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stream <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"123456"</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 调用 sputc() 6 次</span>
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<span class="co1">// 前三次调用存储 "123" 于既存缓冲区</span>
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<span class="co1">// 第 4 次调用发现 pptr() == epptr() 并调用 overflow()</span>
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<span class="co1">// overflow() 令缓冲区生长并设置 egptr() 为 4</span>
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<span class="co1">// 第 5 和第 6 次调用存储 '5' 和 '6' ,令 pptr() 前进</span>
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stream <span class="sy1">>></span> n<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 调用 sgetc() 4 次</span>
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<span class="co1">// 第 1 次调用返回 overflow() 使之可用的 '4'</span>
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<span class="co1">// 第 2 次调用时, egptr() == egptr() 并调用 underflow()</span>
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<span class="co1">// underflow 令 egptr() 前进到等于 pptr() (which is 6)</span>
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<span class="co1">// 第 3 次 sgetc() 返回 '6'</span>
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<span class="co1">// 第 4 次 sgetc() 发现 gptr() == egptr() ,调用 underflow()</span>
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<span class="co1">// underflow() 返回 EOF</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>可能的输出:</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">Before underflow(): get area size is 3 put area size is 3
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After underflow(): get area size is 3 put area size is 3
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underflow() returns EOF
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123
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Before overflow(): get area size is 3 the put area size is 3
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After overflow(): get area size is 4 put area size is 35
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Before underflow(): get area size is 4 put area size is 35
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After underflow(): get area size is 6 put area size is 35
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underflow() returns '5'
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Before underflow(): get area size is 6 put area size is 35
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After underflow(): get area size is 6 put area size is 35
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underflow() returns EOF
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456</pre></div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-basic_streambuf-underflow.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>underflow</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[虚]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>从关联输入序列读取字符到获取区<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::basic_streambuf<CharT,Traits></code> 的虚受保护成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-basic_filebuf-underflow.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>underflow</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[虚]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>从关联文件读取<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::basic_filebuf<CharT,Traits></code> 的虚受保护成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-strstreambuf-underflow.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>underflow</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[虚]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>从输入序列读取一个字符而不前进下一位置指针<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::strstreambuf</code> 的虚受保护成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-basic_streambuf-sgetc.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>sgetc</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>从输入序列读取一个字符,而不令序列前进<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::basic_streambuf<CharT,Traits></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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