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<section id="email-examples">
<span id="id1"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#module-email" title="email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email</span></code></a>: 示例<a class="headerlink" href="#email-examples" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h1>
<p>以下是一些如何使用 <a class="reference internal" href="email.html#module-email" title="email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email</span></code></a> 包来读取、写入和发送简单电子邮件以及更复杂的MIME邮件的示例。</p>
<p>首先让我们看看如何创建和发送简单的文本消息文本内容和地址都可能包含unicode字符</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Import smtplib for the actual sending function</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">smtplib</span>
<span class="c1"># Import the email modules we&#39;ll need</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">email.message</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">EmailMessage</span>
<span class="c1"># Open the plain text file whose name is in textfile for reading.</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">textfile</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># Create a text/plain message</span>
<span class="n">msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">EmailMessage</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_content</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="c1"># me == the sender&#39;s email address</span>
<span class="c1"># you == the recipient&#39;s email address</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;Subject&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s1">&#39;The contents of </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">textfile</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;From&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">me</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;To&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">you</span>
<span class="c1"># Send the message via our own SMTP server.</span>
<span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">smtplib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SMTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send_message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>解析 <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822.html"><strong>RFC 822</strong></a> 标题可以通过使用 <a class="reference internal" href="email.parser.html#module-email.parser" title="email.parser: Parse flat text email messages to produce a message object structure."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parser</span></code></a> 模块中的类来轻松完成:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Import the email modules we&#39;ll need</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">email.parser</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BytesParser</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Parser</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">email.policy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">default</span>
<span class="c1"># If the e-mail headers are in a file, uncomment these two lines:</span>
<span class="c1"># with open(messagefile, &#39;rb&#39;) as fp:</span>
<span class="c1"># headers = BytesParser(policy=default).parse(fp)</span>
<span class="c1"># Or for parsing headers in a string (this is an uncommon operation), use:</span>
<span class="n">headers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Parser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">policy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">default</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parsestr</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;From: Foo Bar &lt;user@example.com&gt;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;To: &lt;someone_else@example.com&gt;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;Subject: Test message</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;Body would go here</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Now the header items can be accessed as a dictionary:</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;To: </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;to&#39;</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;From: </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;from&#39;</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Subject: </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;subject&#39;</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="c1"># You can also access the parts of the addresses:</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Recipient username: </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;to&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addresses</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">username</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Sender name: </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;from&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addresses</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">display_name</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>以下是如何发送包含可能在目录中的一系列家庭照片的MIME消息示例</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Import smtplib for the actual sending function</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">smtplib</span>
<span class="c1"># And imghdr to find the types of our images</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">imghdr</span>
<span class="c1"># Here are the email package modules we&#39;ll need</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">email.message</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">EmailMessage</span>
<span class="c1"># Create the container email message.</span>
<span class="n">msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">EmailMessage</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;Subject&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Our family reunion&#39;</span>
<span class="c1"># me == the sender&#39;s email address</span>
<span class="c1"># family = the list of all recipients&#39; email addresses</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;From&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">me</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;To&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;, &#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">family</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">preamble</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;You will not see this in a MIME-aware mail reader.</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="c1"># Open the files in binary mode. Use imghdr to figure out the</span>
<span class="c1"># MIME subtype for each specific image.</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">file</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">pngfiles</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">img_data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_attachment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">img_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">maintype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;image&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">subtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">imghdr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">what</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">img_data</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1"># Send the email via our own SMTP server.</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">smtplib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SMTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send_message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>以下是如何将目录的全部内容作为电子邮件消息发送的示例: <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id3" id="id2">1</a></p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="ch">#!/usr/bin/env python3</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Send the contents of a directory as a MIME message.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">smtplib</span>
<span class="c1"># For guessing MIME type based on file name extension</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">mimetypes</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">argparse</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">ArgumentParser</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">email.message</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">EmailMessage</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">email.policy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">SMTP</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">description</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="se">\</span>
<span class="s2">Send the contents of a directory as a MIME message.</span>
<span class="s2">Unless the -o option is given, the email is sent by forwarding to your local</span>
<span class="s2">SMTP server, which then does the normal delivery process. Your local machine</span>
<span class="s2">must be running an SMTP server.</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;-d&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;--directory&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">help</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;Mail the contents of the specified directory,</span>
<span class="s2"> otherwise use the current directory. Only the regular</span>
<span class="s2"> files in the directory are sent, and we don&#39;t recurse to</span>
<span class="s2"> subdirectories.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;-o&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;--output&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">metavar</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;FILE&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">help</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;Print the composed message to FILE instead of</span>
<span class="s2"> sending the message to the SMTP server.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;-s&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;--sender&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">required</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">help</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;The value of the From: header (required)&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;-r&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;--recipient&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">required</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;append&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">metavar</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;RECIPIENT&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[],</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;recipients&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">help</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;A To: header value (at least one required)&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">directory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">directory</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">directory</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">directory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;.&#39;</span>
<span class="c1"># Create the message</span>
<span class="n">msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">EmailMessage</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;Subject&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s1">&#39;Contents of directory </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abspath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">directory</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;To&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;, &#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">recipients</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;From&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sender</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">preamble</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;You will not see this in a MIME-aware mail reader.</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">filename</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">listdir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">directory</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">directory</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isfile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">continue</span>
<span class="c1"># Guess the content type based on the file&#39;s extension. Encoding</span>
<span class="c1"># will be ignored, although we should check for simple things like</span>
<span class="c1"># gzip&#39;d or compressed files.</span>
<span class="n">ctype</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">encoding</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mimetypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">guess_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">ctype</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">encoding</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># No guess could be made, or the file is encoded (compressed), so</span>
<span class="c1"># use a generic bag-of-bits type.</span>
<span class="n">ctype</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;application/octet-stream&#39;</span>
<span class="n">maintype</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">subtype</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctype</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_attachment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(),</span>
<span class="n">maintype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">maintype</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">subtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">subtype</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">filename</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Now send or store the message</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">fp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_bytes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">policy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">SMTP</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">smtplib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SMTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send_message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>以下是如何将上述MIME消息解压缩到文件目录中的示例</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="ch">#!/usr/bin/env python3</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Unpack a MIME message into a directory of files.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">email</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">mimetypes</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">email.policy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">default</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">argparse</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">ArgumentParser</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">description</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="se">\</span>
<span class="s2">Unpack a MIME message into a directory of files.</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;-d&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;--directory&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">required</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">help</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;Unpack the MIME message into the named</span>
<span class="s2"> directory, which will be created if it doesn&#39;t already</span>
<span class="s2"> exist.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;msgfile&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">msgfile</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">email</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">message_from_binary_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">policy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">default</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mkdir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">directory</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">FileExistsError</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
<span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">part</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">walk</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="c1"># multipart/* are just containers</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">part</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_content_maintype</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;multipart&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">continue</span>
<span class="c1"># Applications should really sanitize the given filename so that an</span>
<span class="c1"># email message can&#39;t be used to overwrite important files</span>
<span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">part</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_filename</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">ext</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mimetypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">guess_extension</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">part</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_content_type</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">ext</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># Use a generic bag-of-bits extension</span>
<span class="n">ext</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;.bin&#39;</span>
<span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s1">&#39;part-</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="si">:</span><span class="s1">03d</span><span class="si">}{</span><span class="n">ext</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">directory</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">fp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">part</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_payload</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">decode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>以下是如何使用备用纯文本版本创建 HTML 消息的示例。 为了让事情变得更有趣,我们在 html 部分中包含了一个相关的图像,我们保存了一份我们要发送的内容到硬盘中,然后发送它。</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="ch">#!/usr/bin/env python3</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">smtplib</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">email.message</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">EmailMessage</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">email.headerregistry</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Address</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">email.utils</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">make_msgid</span>
<span class="c1"># Create the base text message.</span>
<span class="n">msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">EmailMessage</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;Subject&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Ayons asperges pour le déjeuner&quot;</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;From&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Pepé Le Pew&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;pepe&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;example.com&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;To&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Penelope Pussycat&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;penelope&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;example.com&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Fabrette Pussycat&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;fabrette&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;example.com&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_content</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="se">\</span>
<span class="s2">Salut!</span>
<span class="s2">Cela ressemble à un excellent recipie[1] déjeuner.</span>
<span class="s2">[1] http://www.yummly.com/recipe/Roasted-Asparagus-Epicurious-203718</span>
<span class="s2">--Pepé</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Add the html version. This converts the message into a multipart/alternative</span>
<span class="c1"># container, with the original text message as the first part and the new html</span>
<span class="c1"># message as the second part.</span>
<span class="n">asparagus_cid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">make_msgid</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_alternative</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="se">\</span>
<span class="s2">&lt;html&gt;</span>
<span class="s2"> &lt;head&gt;&lt;/head&gt;</span>
<span class="s2"> &lt;body&gt;</span>
<span class="s2"> &lt;p&gt;Salut!&lt;/p&gt;</span>
<span class="s2"> &lt;p&gt;Cela ressemble à un excellent</span>
<span class="s2"> &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yummly.com/recipe/Roasted-Asparagus-Epicurious-203718&quot;&gt;</span>
<span class="s2"> recipie</span>
<span class="s2"> &lt;/a&gt; déjeuner.</span>
<span class="s2"> &lt;/p&gt;</span>
<span class="s2"> &lt;img src=&quot;cid:</span><span class="si">{asparagus_cid}</span><span class="s2">&quot; /&gt;</span>
<span class="s2"> &lt;/body&gt;</span>
<span class="s2">&lt;/html&gt;</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">asparagus_cid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">asparagus_cid</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]),</span> <span class="n">subtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;html&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># note that we needed to peel the &lt;&gt; off the msgid for use in the html.</span>
<span class="c1"># Now add the related image to the html part.</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;roasted-asparagus.jpg&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">img</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_payload</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_related</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">img</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;image&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;jpeg&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">cid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">asparagus_cid</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Make a local copy of what we are going to send.</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;outgoing.msg&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">bytes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1"># Send the message via local SMTP server.</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">smtplib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SMTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send_message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>如果我们发送最后一个示例中的消息,这是我们可以处理它的一种方法:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">tempfile</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">mimetypes</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">webbrowser</span>
<span class="c1"># Import the email modules we&#39;ll need</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">email</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">policy</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">email.parser</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BytesParser</span>
<span class="c1"># An imaginary module that would make this work and be safe.</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">imaginary</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">magic_html_parser</span>
<span class="c1"># In a real program you&#39;d get the filename from the arguments.</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;outgoing.msg&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">BytesParser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">policy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">policy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">default</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Now the header items can be accessed as a dictionary, and any non-ASCII will</span>
<span class="c1"># be converted to unicode:</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;To:&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;to&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;From:&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;from&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Subject:&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;subject&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="c1"># If we want to print a preview of the message content, we can extract whatever</span>
<span class="c1"># the least formatted payload is and print the first three lines. Of course,</span>
<span class="c1"># if the message has no plain text part printing the first three lines of html</span>
<span class="c1"># is probably useless, but this is just a conceptual example.</span>
<span class="n">simplest</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_body</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">preferencelist</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;plain&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;html&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">simplest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_content</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">splitlines</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">keepends</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)[:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="n">ans</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;View full message?&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">ans</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;n&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># We can extract the richest alternative in order to display it:</span>
<span class="n">richest</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_body</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">partfiles</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">richest</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;content-type&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">maintype</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">richest</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;content-type&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subtype</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;plain&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">richest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_content</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">splitlines</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">richest</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;content-type&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subtype</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;html&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">body</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">richest</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Don&#39;t know how to display </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">richest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_content_type</span><span class="p">()))</span>
<span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">richest</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;content-type&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">content_type</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;multipart/related&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">body</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">richest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_body</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">preferencelist</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;html&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">part</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">richest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">iter_attachments</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">part</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_filename</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">fn</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">extension</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">splitext</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">part</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_filename</span><span class="p">())[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">extension</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mimetypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">guess_extension</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">part</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_content_type</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">tempfile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NamedTemporaryFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">suffix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">extension</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">delete</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">part</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_content</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="c1"># again strip the &lt;&gt; to go from email form of cid to html form.</span>
<span class="n">partfiles</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">part</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;content-id&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Don&#39;t know how to display </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">richest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_content_type</span><span class="p">()))</span>
<span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">tempfile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NamedTemporaryFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;w&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">delete</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># The magic_html_parser has to rewrite the href=&quot;cid:....&quot; attributes to</span>
<span class="c1"># point to the filenames in partfiles. It also has to do a safety-sanitize</span>
<span class="c1"># of the html. It could be written using html.parser.</span>
<span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">magic_html_parser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_content</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">partfiles</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">webbrowser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">fn</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">partfiles</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Of course, there are lots of email messages that could break this simple</span>
<span class="c1"># minded program, but it will handle the most common ones.</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>直到输出提示,上面的输出是:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>To: Penelope Pussycat &lt;penelope@example.com&gt;, Fabrette Pussycat &lt;fabrette@example.com&gt;
From: Pepé Le Pew &lt;pepe@example.com&gt;
Subject: Ayons asperges pour le déjeuner
Salut!
Cela ressemble à un excellent recipie[1] déjeuner.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p class="rubric">备注</p>
<dl class="footnote brackets">
<dt class="label" id="id3"><span class="brackets"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id2">1</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>感谢 Matthew Dixon Cowles 提供最初的灵感和示例。</p>
</dd>
</dl>
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