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<section id="module-curses.ascii">
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<span id="curses-ascii-utilities-for-ascii-characters"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses.ascii" title="curses.ascii: Constants and set-membership functions for ASCII characters."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">curses.ascii</span></code></a> --- 用于 ASCII 字符的工具<a class="headerlink" href="#module-curses.ascii" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses.ascii" title="curses.ascii: Constants and set-membership functions for ASCII characters."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">curses.ascii</span></code></a> 模块提供了一些 ASCII 字符的名称常量以及在各种 ASCII 字符类中执行成员检测的函数。 所提供的控制字符常量如下:</p>
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<table class="docutils align-default">
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 23%" />
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<col style="width: 77%" />
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</colgroup>
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<thead>
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<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>名称</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>含义</p></th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NUL</span></code></p></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SOH</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>标题开始，控制台中断</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">STX</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>文本开始</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ETX</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>文本结束</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EOT</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>传输结束</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ENQ</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>查询，附带 <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ACK</span></code> 流量控制</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ACK</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>确认</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BEL</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>蜂鸣器</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BS</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>退格</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TAB</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>Tab</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HT</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TAB</span></code> 的别名： "水平制表符”</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LF</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>换行</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NL</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LF</span></code> 的别名： "新行"</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VT</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>垂直制表符</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FF</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>换页</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CR</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>回车</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SO</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>Shift-out，开始替换字符集</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SI</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>Shift-in，恢复默认字符集</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DLE</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>Data-link escape</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DC1</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>XON，用于流程控制</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DC2</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>Device control 2，阻塞模式流程控制</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DC3</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>XOFF，用于流程控制</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DC4</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>设备控制4</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NAK</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>否定确认</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SYN</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>同步空闲</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ETB</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>末端传输块</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CAN</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>取消</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EM</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>媒体结束</p></td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SUB</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>替换</p></td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ESC</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>退出</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FS</span></code></p></td>
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||
<td><p>文件分隔符</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GS</span></code></p></td>
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||
<td><p>组分隔符</p></td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RS</span></code></p></td>
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||
<td><p>记录分隔符，块模式终结器</p></td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">US</span></code></p></td>
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||
<td><p>单位分隔符</p></td>
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||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SP</span></code></p></td>
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||
<td><p>空格</p></td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEL</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>删除</p></td>
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||
</tr>
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||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
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||
<p>请注意其中有许多在现今已经没有实际作用。 这些助记符是来源于数字计算机之前的电传打印机规范。</p>
|
||
<p>此模块提供了下列函数，对应于标准 C 库中的函数:</p>
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.isalnum">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">isalnum</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isalnum" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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||
<dd><p>检测 ASCII 字母数字类字符；它等价于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isalpha(c)</span> <span class="pre">或</span> <span class="pre">isdigit(c)</span></code>。</p>
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||
</dd></dl>
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||
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||
<dl class="function">
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||
<dt id="curses.ascii.isalpha">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">isalpha</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isalpha" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>检测 ASCII 字母类字符；它等价于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isupper(c)</span> <span class="pre">or</span> <span class="pre">islower(c)</span></code>。</p>
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||
</dd></dl>
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|
||
<dl class="function">
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<dt id="curses.ascii.isascii">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">isascii</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isascii" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>检测字符值是否在 7 位 ASCII 集范围内。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="curses.ascii.isblank">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">isblank</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isblank" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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||
<dd><p>检测 ASCII 空白字符；包括空格或水平制表符。</p>
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||
</dd></dl>
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|
||
<dl class="function">
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||
<dt id="curses.ascii.iscntrl">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">iscntrl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.iscntrl" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>检测 ASCII 控制字符（在 0x00 到 0x1f 或 0x7f 范围内）。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.isdigit">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">isdigit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isdigit" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>检测 ASCII 十进制数码，即 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'0'</span></code> 至 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'9'</span></code>。 它等价于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">c</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">string.digits</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.isgraph">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">isgraph</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isgraph" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>检测任意 ASCII 可打印字符，不包括空白符。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.islower">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">islower</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.islower" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>检测 ASCII 小写字母字符。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.isprint">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">isprint</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isprint" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>检测任意 ASCII 可打印字符，包括空白符。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.ispunct">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">ispunct</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.ispunct" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>检测任意 ASCII 可打印字符，不包括空白符或字母数字类字符。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.isspace">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">isspace</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isspace" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>检测 ASCII 空白字符；包括空格，换行，回车，进纸，水平制表和垂直制表。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.isupper">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">isupper</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isupper" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>检测 ASCII 大写字母字符。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.isxdigit">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">isxdigit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isxdigit" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>检测 ASCII 十六进制数码。 这等价于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">c</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">string.hexdigits</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.isctrl">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">isctrl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isctrl" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>检测 ASCII 控制字符（序号值 0 至 31）。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.ismeta">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">ismeta</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.ismeta" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>检测非 ASCII 字符（码位值 0x80 及以上）。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>这些函数接受整数或单字符字符串；当参数为字符串时，会先使用内置函数 <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#ord" title="ord"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ord()</span></code></a> 进行转换。</p>
|
||
<p>请注意所有这些函数都是检测根据你传入的字符串的字符所生成的码位值；它们实际上完全不会知晓本机的字符编码格式。</p>
|
||
<p>以下两个函数接受单字符字符串或整数形式的字节值；它们会返回相同类型的值。</p>
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.ascii">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">ascii</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.ascii" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回对应于 <em>c</em> 的下个 7 比特位的 ASCII 值。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.ctrl">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">ctrl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.ctrl" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回对应于给定字符的控制字符（字符比特值会与 0x1f 进行按位与运算）。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.alt">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">alt</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.alt" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回对应于给定 ASCII 字符的 8 比特位字符（字符比特值会与 0x80 进行按位或运算）。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>以下函数接受单字符字符串或整数值；它会返回一个字符串。</p>
|
||
<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.unctrl">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">unctrl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.unctrl" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回 ASCII 字符 <em>c</em> 的字符串表示形式。 如果 <em>c</em> 是可打印字符，则字符串为字符本身。 如果该字符是控制字符 (0x00--0x1f) 则字符串由一个插入符 (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'^'</span></code>) 加相应的大写字母组成。 如果该字符是 ASCII 删除符 (0x7f) 则字符串为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'^?'</span></code>。 如果该字符设置了元比特位 (0x80)，元比特位会被去除，应用以上规则后将在结果之前添加 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'!'</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="data">
|
||
<dt id="curses.ascii.controlnames">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="sig-name descname">controlnames</code><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.controlnames" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>一个 33 元素的字符串数据，其中按从 0 (NUL) 到 0x1f (US) 的顺序包含了三十二个 ASCII 控制字符的 ASCII 助记符，另加空格符的助记符 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SP</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
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最后更新于 12月 09, 2024.
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