343 lines
21 KiB
HTML
343 lines
21 KiB
HTML
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="zh_CN">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
|
|
|
|
<title>Python 运行时服务 — Python 3.8.20 文档</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" />
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
|
|
|
|
<script id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="../_static/language_data.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="../_static/translations.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
<script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"
|
|
title="在 Python 3.8.20 文档 中搜索"
|
|
href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>
|
|
<link rel="author" title="关于这些文档" href="../about.html" />
|
|
<link rel="index" title="索引" href="../genindex.html" />
|
|
<link rel="search" title="搜索" href="../search.html" />
|
|
<link rel="copyright" title="版权所有" href="../copyright.html" />
|
|
<link rel="next" title="sys --- 系统相关的形参和函数" href="sys.html" />
|
|
<link rel="prev" title="zipapp —— 管理可执行的 Python zip 打包文件" href="zipapp.html" />
|
|
<link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/python.html" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<style>
|
|
@media only screen {
|
|
table.full-width-table {
|
|
width: 100%;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</style>
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.svg" />
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/menu.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<div class="mobile-nav">
|
|
<input type="checkbox" id="menuToggler" class="toggler__input" aria-controls="navigation"
|
|
aria-pressed="false" aria-expanded="false" role="button" aria-label="Menu" />
|
|
<label for="menuToggler" class="toggler__label">
|
|
<span></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
<nav class="nav-content" role="navigation">
|
|
<a href="https://www.python.org/" class="nav-logo">
|
|
<img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Logo"/>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
|
<form role="search" class="search" action="../search.html" method="get">
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="search-icon">
|
|
<path fill-rule="nonzero"
|
|
d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27a6.5 6.5 0 001.48-5.34c-.47-2.78-2.79-5-5.59-5.34a6.505 6.505 0 00-7.27 7.27c.34 2.8 2.56 5.12 5.34 5.59a6.5 6.5 0 005.34-1.48l.27.28v.79l4.25 4.25c.41.41 1.08.41 1.49 0 .41-.41.41-1.08 0-1.49L15.5 14zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z" fill="#444"></path>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
<input type="text" name="q" aria-label="快速搜索"/>
|
|
<input type="submit" value="转向"/>
|
|
</form>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
<div class="menu-wrapper">
|
|
<nav class="menu" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
|
|
<div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
|
<h4>上一个主题</h4>
|
|
<p class="topless"><a href="zipapp.html"
|
|
title="上一章"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipapp</span></code> —— 管理可执行的 Python zip 打包文件</a></p>
|
|
<h4>下一个主题</h4>
|
|
<p class="topless"><a href="sys.html"
|
|
title="下一章"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys</span></code> --- 系统相关的形参和函数</a></p>
|
|
<div role="note" aria-label="source link">
|
|
<h3>本页</h3>
|
|
<ul class="this-page-menu">
|
|
<li><a href="../bugs.html">报告 Bug</a></li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.8/Doc/library/python.rst"
|
|
rel="nofollow">显示源代码
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="outdated-warning" style="padding: .5em; text-align: center; background-color: #FFBABA; color: #6A0E0E;">
|
|
这个文档所针对的是一个已不再受支持的 Python 旧版本。
|
|
你应当升级版本，并阅读
|
|
<a href="/3/library/python.html"> Python 当前稳定版本的文档</a>.
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
|
|
<h3>导航</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
|
|
<a href="../genindex.html" title="总目录"
|
|
accesskey="I">索引</a></li>
|
|
<li class="right" >
|
|
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python 模块索引"
|
|
>模块</a> |</li>
|
|
<li class="right" >
|
|
<a href="sys.html" title="sys --- 系统相关的形参和函数"
|
|
accesskey="N">下一页</a> |</li>
|
|
<li class="right" >
|
|
<a href="zipapp.html" title="zipapp —— 管理可执行的 Python zip 打包文件"
|
|
accesskey="P">上一页</a> |</li>
|
|
|
|
<li><img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
|
|
<li class="switchers">
|
|
<div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
|
<div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li id="cpython-language-and-version">
|
|
<a href="../index.html">3.8.20 Documentation</a> »
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">Python 标准库</a> »</li>
|
|
<li class="right">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="inline-search" role="search">
|
|
<form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">
|
|
<input placeholder="快速搜索" aria-label="快速搜索" type="text" name="q" />
|
|
<input type="submit" value="转向" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
|
|
</form>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="document">
|
|
<div class="documentwrapper">
|
|
<div class="bodywrapper">
|
|
<div class="body" role="main">
|
|
|
|
<section id="python-runtime-services">
|
|
<span id="python"></span><h1>Python 运行时服务<a class="headerlink" href="#python-runtime-services" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
|
|
<p>本章描述的模块广泛服务于 Python 解释器及其与其环境的交互：</p>
|
|
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="sys.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys</span></code> --- 系统相关的形参和函数</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sysconfig</span></code> —— 提供对 Python 配置信息的访问支持</a><ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html#configuration-variables">配置变量</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html#installation-paths">安装路径</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html#other-functions">其他功能</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html#using-sysconfig-as-a-script">将 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sysconfig</span></code> 作为脚本使用</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="builtins.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">builtins</span></code> --- 内建对象</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="__main__.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__main__</span></code> --- 顶层脚本环境</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warnings</span></code> ——控制警告信息</a><ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#warning-categories">警告类别</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#the-warnings-filter">警告过滤器</a><ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#describing-warning-filters">警告过滤器的介绍</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#default-warning-filter">默认警告过滤器</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#overriding-the-default-filter">重写默认的过滤器</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#temporarily-suppressing-warnings">暂时禁止警告</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#testing-warnings">测试警告</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#updating-code-for-new-versions-of-dependencies">为新版本的依赖关系更新代码</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#available-functions">可用的函数</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#available-context-managers">可用的上下文管理器</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="dataclasses.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dataclasses</span></code> --- 数据类</a><ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dataclasses.html#module-level-decorators-classes-and-functions">模块级装饰器、类和函数</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dataclasses.html#post-init-processing">初始化后处理</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dataclasses.html#class-variables">类变量</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dataclasses.html#init-only-variables">仅初始化变量</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dataclasses.html#frozen-instances">冻结的实例</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dataclasses.html#inheritance">继承</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dataclasses.html#default-factory-functions">默认工厂函数</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dataclasses.html#mutable-default-values">可变的默认值</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dataclasses.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">contextlib</span></code> --- 为 <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code>语句上下文提供的工具</a><ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#utilities">工具</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#examples-and-recipes">例子和配方</a><ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#supporting-a-variable-number-of-context-managers">支持可变数量的上下文管理器</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#catching-exceptions-from-enter-methods">捕获 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__enter__</span></code> 方法产生的异常</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#cleaning-up-in-an-enter-implementation">在一个 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__enter__</span></code> 方法的实现中进行清理</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#replacing-any-use-of-try-finally-and-flag-variables">替换任何对 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">try-finally</span></code> 和旗标变量的使用</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#using-a-context-manager-as-a-function-decorator">将上下文管理器作为函数装饰器使用</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#single-use-reusable-and-reentrant-context-managers">单独使用，可重用并可重进入的上下文管理器</a><ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#reentrant-context-managers">重进入上下文管理器</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#reusable-context-managers">可重用的上下文管理器</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="abc.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">abc</span></code> --- 抽象基类</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="atexit.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">atexit</span></code> --- 退出处理器</a><ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="atexit.html#atexit-example"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">atexit</span></code> 示例</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">traceback</span></code> —— 打印或读取栈回溯信息</a><ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html#tracebackexception-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TracebackException</span></code> 对象</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html#stacksummary-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StackSummary</span></code> 对象</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html#framesummary-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FrameSummary</span></code> 对象</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html#traceback-examples">回溯示例</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="__future__.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__future__</span></code> --- Future 语句定义</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gc.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gc</span></code> --- 垃圾回收器接口</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">inspect</span></code> --- 检查对象</a><ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#types-and-members">类型和成员</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#retrieving-source-code">获取源代码</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#introspecting-callables-with-the-signature-object">使用 Signature 对象对可调用对象进行内省</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#classes-and-functions">类与函数</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#the-interpreter-stack">解释器栈</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#fetching-attributes-statically">静态地获取属性</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#current-state-of-generators-and-coroutines">生成器和协程的当前状态</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#code-objects-bit-flags">代码对象位标志</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#command-line-interface">命令行界面</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="site.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">site</span></code> —— 指定域的配置钩子</a><ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="site.html#readline-configuration">Readline 配置</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="site.html#module-contents">模块内容</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="site.html#command-line-interface">命令行界面</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
|
|
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
|
|
<h4>上一个主题</h4>
|
|
<p class="topless"><a href="zipapp.html"
|
|
title="上一章"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipapp</span></code> —— 管理可执行的 Python zip 打包文件</a></p>
|
|
<h4>下一个主题</h4>
|
|
<p class="topless"><a href="sys.html"
|
|
title="下一章"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys</span></code> --- 系统相关的形参和函数</a></p>
|
|
<div role="note" aria-label="source link">
|
|
<h3>本页</h3>
|
|
<ul class="this-page-menu">
|
|
<li><a href="../bugs.html">报告 Bug</a></li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.8/Doc/library/python.rst"
|
|
rel="nofollow">显示源代码
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="clearer"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
|
|
<h3>导航</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
|
|
<a href="../genindex.html" title="总目录"
|
|
>索引</a></li>
|
|
<li class="right" >
|
|
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python 模块索引"
|
|
>模块</a> |</li>
|
|
<li class="right" >
|
|
<a href="sys.html" title="sys --- 系统相关的形参和函数"
|
|
>下一页</a> |</li>
|
|
<li class="right" >
|
|
<a href="zipapp.html" title="zipapp —— 管理可执行的 Python zip 打包文件"
|
|
>上一页</a> |</li>
|
|
|
|
<li><img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
|
|
<li class="switchers">
|
|
<div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
|
<div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li id="cpython-language-and-version">
|
|
<a href="../index.html">3.8.20 Documentation</a> »
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >Python 标准库</a> »</li>
|
|
<li class="right">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="inline-search" role="search">
|
|
<form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">
|
|
<input placeholder="快速搜索" aria-label="快速搜索" type="text" name="q" />
|
|
<input type="submit" value="转向" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
|
|
</form>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="footer">
|
|
© <a href="../copyright.html">版权所有</a> 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation.
|
|
<br />
|
|
This page is licensed under the Python Software Foundation License Version 2.
|
|
<br />
|
|
Examples, recipes, and other code in the documentation are additionally licensed under the Zero Clause BSD License.
|
|
<br />
|
|
|
|
<br />
|
|
|
|
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation.
|
|
<a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a>
|
|
<br />
|
|
<br />
|
|
|
|
最后更新于 12月 09, 2024.
|
|
<a href="https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
|
|
<br />
|
|
|
|
Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 2.4.4.
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |