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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#wave-read-objects">Wave_read对象</a></li>
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<section id="module-wave">
<span id="wave-read-and-write-wav-files"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-wave" title="wave: Provide an interface to the WAV sound format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wave</span></code></a> --- 读写WAV格式文件<a class="headerlink" href="#module-wave" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h1>
<p><strong>源代码:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.8/Lib/wave.py">Lib/wave.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-wave" title="wave: Provide an interface to the WAV sound format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wave</span></code></a> 模块提供了一个处理 WAV 声音格式的便利接口。它不支持压缩/解压，但是支持单声道/立体声。</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-wave" title="wave: Provide an interface to the WAV sound format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wave</span></code></a> 模块定义了以下函数和异常:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="wave.open">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">wave.</code><code class="sig-name descname">open</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">file</em>, <em class="sig-param">mode=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.open" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果 <em>file</em> 是一个字符串，打开对应文件名的文件。否则就把它作为文件型对象来处理。<em>mode</em> 可以为以下值：</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'rb'</span></code></dt><dd><p>只读模式。</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'wb'</span></code></dt><dd><p>只写模式。</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>注意不支持同时读写WAV文件。</p>
<p><em>mode</em> 设为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'rb'</span></code> 时返回一个 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Wave_read</span></code> 对象，而 <em>mode</em> 设为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'wb'</span></code> 时返回一个 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Wave_write</span></code> 对象。如果省略 <em>mode</em> 并指定 <em>file</em> 来传入一个文件型对象，则 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">file.mode</span></code> 会被用作 <em>mode</em> 的默认值。</p>
<p>如果操作的是文件对象，当使用 wave 对象的 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code> 方法时，并不会真正关闭文件对象，这需要调用者负责来关闭文件对象。</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#wave.open" title="wave.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> 函数可以在 <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> 语句中使用。 当 <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code> 阻塞结束时，<a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_read.close" title="wave.Wave_read.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Wave_read.close()</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.close" title="wave.Wave_write.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Wave_write.close()</span></code></a> 方法会被调用。</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.4 版更改: </span>添加了对不可搜索文件的支持。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="wave.openfp">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">wave.</code><code class="sig-name descname">openfp</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">file</em>, <em class="sig-param">mode</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.openfp" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>同 <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.open" title="wave.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a>，用于向后兼容。</p>
<div class="deprecated-removed">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Deprecated since version 3.7, will be removed in version 3.9.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="wave.Error">
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">wave.</code><code class="sig-name descname">Error</code><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Error" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>当不符合WAV格式或无法操作时引发的错误。</p>
</dd></dl>
<section id="wave-read-objects">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>Wave_read对象<a class="headerlink" href="#wave-read-objects" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h2>
<p>由 <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.open" title="wave.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> 返回的 Wave_read 对象，有以下几种方法:</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_read.close">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_read.</code><code class="sig-name descname">close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.close" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>关闭 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-wave" title="wave: Provide an interface to the WAV sound format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wave</span></code></a> 打开的数据流并使对象不可用。当对象销毁时会自动调用。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_read.getnchannels">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_read.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getnchannels</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getnchannels" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回声道数量（<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> 为单声道，<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> 为立体声）</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_read.getsampwidth">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_read.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getsampwidth</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getsampwidth" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回采样字节长度。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_read.getframerate">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_read.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getframerate</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getframerate" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回采样频率。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_read.getnframes">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_read.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getnframes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getnframes" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回音频总帧数。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_read.getcomptype">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_read.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getcomptype</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getcomptype" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回压缩类型（只支持 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'NONE'</span></code> 类型）</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_read.getcompname">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_read.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getcompname</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getcompname" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_read.getcomptype" title="wave.Wave_read.getcomptype"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getcomptype()</span></code></a> 的通俗版本。使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'not</span> <span class="pre">compressed'</span></code> 代替 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'NONE'</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_read.getparams">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_read.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getparams</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getparams" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回一个 <a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#collections.namedtuple" title="collections.namedtuple"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">namedtuple()</span></code></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(nchannels,</span> <span class="pre">sampwidth,</span> <span class="pre">framerate,</span> <span class="pre">nframes,</span> <span class="pre">comptype,</span> <span class="pre">compname)</span></code>，与 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get*()</span></code> 方法的输出相同。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_read.readframes">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_read.</code><code class="sig-name descname">readframes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">n</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.readframes" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>读取并返回以 <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> 对象表示的最多 <em>n</em> 帧音频。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_read.rewind">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_read.</code><code class="sig-name descname">rewind</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.rewind" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>重置文件指针至音频开头.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>以下两个方法是为了和 <a class="reference internal" href="aifc.html#module-aifc" title="aifc: Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aifc</span></code></a> 保持兼容，实际不做任何事情。</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_read.getmarkers">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_read.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getmarkers</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getmarkers" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_read.getmark">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_read.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getmark</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">id</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.getmark" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>引发错误异常。</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>以下两个方法都使用指针，具体实现由其底层决定。</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_read.setpos">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_read.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setpos</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">pos</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.setpos" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>设置文件指针到指定位置。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_read.tell">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_read.</code><code class="sig-name descname">tell</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_read.tell" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回当前文件指针位置。</p>
</dd></dl>
</section>
<section id="wave-write-objects">
<span id="id2"></span><h2>Wave_write 对象<a class="headerlink" href="#wave-write-objects" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h2>
<p>对于可查找的输出流，<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wave</span></code> 头将自动更新以反映实际写入的帧数。 对于不可查找的流，当写入第一帧时 <em>nframes</em> 值必须准确。 获取准确的 <em>nframes</em> 值可以通过调用 <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.setnframes" title="wave.Wave_write.setnframes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setnframes()</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.setparams" title="wave.Wave_write.setparams"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setparams()</span></code></a> 并附带 <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.close" title="wave.Wave_write.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> 被调用之前将要写入的帧数，然后使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.writeframesraw" title="wave.Wave_write.writeframesraw"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeframesraw()</span></code></a> 来写入帧数据，或者通过调用 <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.writeframes" title="wave.Wave_write.writeframes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeframes()</span></code></a> 并附带所有要写入的帧。 在后一种情况下 <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_write.writeframes" title="wave.Wave_write.writeframes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeframes()</span></code></a> 将计算数据中的帧数并在写入帧数据之前相应地设置 <em>nframes</em>。</p>
<p>由 <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.open" title="wave.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> 返回的 Wave_write 对象，有以下几种方法:</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.4 版更改: </span>添加了对不可搜索文件的支持。</p>
</div>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_write.close">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_write.</code><code class="sig-name descname">close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.close" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>确保 <em>nframes</em> 是正确的，并在文件被 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-wave" title="wave: Provide an interface to the WAV sound format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wave</span></code></a> 打开时关闭它。 此方法会在对象收集时被调用。 如果输出流不可查找且 <em>nframes</em> 与实际写入的帧数不匹配时引发异常。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_write.setnchannels">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_write.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setnchannels</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">n</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.setnchannels" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>设置声道数。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_write.setsampwidth">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_write.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setsampwidth</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">n</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.setsampwidth" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>设置采样字节长度为 <em>n</em>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_write.setframerate">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_write.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setframerate</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">n</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.setframerate" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>设置采样频率为 <em>n</em>。</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.2 版更改: </span>对此方法的非整数输入会被舍入到最接近的整数。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_write.setnframes">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_write.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setnframes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">n</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.setnframes" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>设置总帧数为 <em>n</em>。 如果与之后实际写入的帧数不一致此值将会被更改（ 如果输出流不可查找则此更改尝试将引发错误）。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_write.setcomptype">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_write.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setcomptype</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">type</em>, <em class="sig-param">name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.setcomptype" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>设置压缩格式。目前只支持 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NONE</span></code> 即无压缩格式。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_write.setparams">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_write.</code><code class="sig-name descname">setparams</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">tuple</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.setparams" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p><em>tuple</em> 应该是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(nchannels,</span> <span class="pre">sampwidth,</span> <span class="pre">framerate,</span> <span class="pre">nframes,</span> <span class="pre">comptype,</span> <span class="pre">compname)</span></code>，每项的值应可用于 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set*()</span></code> 方法。设置所有形参。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_write.tell">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_write.</code><code class="sig-name descname">tell</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.tell" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回当前文件指针，其指针含义和 <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_read.tell" title="wave.Wave_read.tell"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Wave_read.tell()</span></code></a> 以及 <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Wave_read.setpos" title="wave.Wave_read.setpos"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Wave_read.setpos()</span></code></a> 是一致的。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_write.writeframesraw">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_write.</code><code class="sig-name descname">writeframesraw</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.writeframesraw" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>写入音频数据但不更新 <em>nframes</em>。</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.4 版更改: </span>现在可接受任意 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a>。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="wave.Wave_write.writeframes">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Wave_write.</code><code class="sig-name descname">writeframes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#wave.Wave_write.writeframes" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>写入音频帧并确保 <em>nframes</em> 是正确的。 如果输出流不可查找且在 <em>data</em> 被写入之后写入的总帧数与之前设定的 <em>nframes</em> 值不匹配将会引发错误。</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.4 版更改: </span>现在可接受任意 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a>。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<p>注意在调用 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeframes()</span></code> 或 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writeframesraw()</span></code> 之后再设置任何格式参数是无效的，而且任何这样的尝试将引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#wave.Error" title="wave.Error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wave.Error</span></code></a>。</p>
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