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hustoj/web/python-docs/library/spwd.html
klarkxy 723430cade 增加python文档
2025-03-09 17:10:56 +08:00

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<section id="module-spwd">
<span id="spwd-the-shadow-password-database"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-spwd" title="spwd: The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code></a> —— shadow 密码库<a class="headerlink" href="#module-spwd" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h1>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>该模块提供对 Unix shadow 密码库的访问能力。可用于各种 Unix 版本。</p>
<p>访问 shadow 密码数据库须拥有足够的权限（通常意味着必须采用 root 账户）。</p>
<p>shadow 密码库的每条数据均表示为一个类似元组的对象，其属性对应着``spwd`` 结构的成员（下面列出了各属性字段，参见 ` <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;shadow.h&gt;</span></code>）。</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 27%" />
<col style="width: 60%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>索引</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>属性</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>含义</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_namp</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>登录名</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_pwdp</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>加密后的密码</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_lstchg</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>最后修改日期</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>3</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_min</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>两次修改间隔的最小天数</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>4</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_max</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>两次修改间隔的最大天数</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>5</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_warn</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>提前警告用户密码过期的天数</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>6</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_inact</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>密码过期至账户禁用之间的天数</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>7</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_expire</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>账户过期的天数，自 1970-01-01 算起</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>8</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_flag</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>保留字段</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>sp_namp 和 sp_pwdp 条目是字符串，其他的均为整数。 如果未找到所需条目则会触发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a>。</p>
<p>定义了以下函数：</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="spwd.getspnam">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">spwd.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getspnam</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#spwd.getspnam" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回指定用户名的 shadow 密码库记录。</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.6 版更改: </span>如果当前用户权限不足，会触发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#PermissionError" title="PermissionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PermissionError</span></code></a>，而非 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a>。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="spwd.getspall">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">spwd.</code><code class="sig-name descname">getspall</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#spwd.getspall" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回所有可用的 shadow 密码库记录列表，顺序随机。</p>
</dd></dl>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">参见</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>模块 <a class="reference internal" href="grp.html#module-grp" title="grp: The group database (getgrnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grp</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>针对用户组数据库的接口，与本模块类似。</p>
</dd>
<dt>模块 <a class="reference internal" href="pwd.html#module-pwd" title="pwd: The password database (getpwnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pwd</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>访问普通密码库的接口，与本模块类似。</p>
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