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<section id="module-unicodedata">
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<span id="unicodedata-unicode-database"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-unicodedata" title="unicodedata: Access the Unicode Database."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unicodedata</span></code></a> --- Unicode 数据库<a class="headerlink" href="#module-unicodedata" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />
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<p>此模块提供了对 Unicode Character Database (UCD) 的访问，其中定义了所有 Unicode 字符的字符属性。 此数据库中包含的数据编译自 <a class="reference external" href="http://www.unicode.org/Public/12.1.0/ucd">UCD 版本 12.1.0</a>。</p>
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<p>该模块使用与 Unicode 标准附件 #44 <a class="reference external" href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/">“Unicode 字符数据库”</a> 中所定义的相同名称和符号。 它定义了以下函数：</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="unicodedata.lookup">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">unicodedata.</code><code class="sig-name descname">lookup</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.lookup" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>按名称查找字符。如果找到具有给定名称的字符，则返回相应的字符。 如果没有找到，则 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> 被引发。</p>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.3 版更改: </span>已添加对名称别名 <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id3" id="id1">1</a> 和命名序列 <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id4" id="id2">2</a> 的支持。</p>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="unicodedata.name">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">unicodedata.</code><code class="sig-name descname">name</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">chr</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param">default</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.name" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回分配给字符 <em>chr</em> 的名称作为字符串。如果没有定义名称，则返回 <em>default</em> ，如果没有给出，则 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> 被引发。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="unicodedata.decimal">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">unicodedata.</code><code class="sig-name descname">decimal</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">chr</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param">default</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.decimal" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回分配给字符 <em>chr</em> 的十进制值作为整数。 如果没有定义这样的值，则返回 <em>default</em> ，如果没有给出，则 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> 被引发。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="unicodedata.digit">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">unicodedata.</code><code class="sig-name descname">digit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">chr</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param">default</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.digit" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回分配给字符 <em>chr</em> 的数字值作为整数。 如果没有定义这样的值，则返回 <em>default</em> ，如果没有给出，则 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> 被引发。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="unicodedata.numeric">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">unicodedata.</code><code class="sig-name descname">numeric</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">chr</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param">default</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.numeric" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回分配给字符 <em>chr</em> 的数值作为浮点数。 如果没有定义这样的值，则返回 <em>default</em> ，如果没有给出，则 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> 被引发。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="unicodedata.category">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">unicodedata.</code><code class="sig-name descname">category</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">chr</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.category" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回分配给字符 <em>chr</em> 的常规类别为字符串。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="unicodedata.bidirectional">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">unicodedata.</code><code class="sig-name descname">bidirectional</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">chr</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.bidirectional" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回分配给字符 <em>chr</em> 的双向类作为字符串。如果未定义此类值，则返回空字符串。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="unicodedata.combining">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">unicodedata.</code><code class="sig-name descname">combining</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">chr</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.combining" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回分配给字符 <em>chr</em> 的规范组合类作为整数。如果没有定义组合类，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> 。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="unicodedata.east_asian_width">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">unicodedata.</code><code class="sig-name descname">east_asian_width</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">chr</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.east_asian_width" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回分配给字符 <em>chr</em> 的东亚宽度作为字符串。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="unicodedata.mirrored">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">unicodedata.</code><code class="sig-name descname">mirrored</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">chr</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.mirrored" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回分配给字符 <em>chr</em> 的镜像属性为整数。如果字符在双向文本中被识别为“镜像”字符，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> ，否则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> 。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="unicodedata.decomposition">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">unicodedata.</code><code class="sig-name descname">decomposition</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">chr</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.decomposition" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回分配给字符 <em>chr</em> 的字符分解映射作为字符串。如果未定义此类映射，则返回空字符串。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="unicodedata.normalize">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">unicodedata.</code><code class="sig-name descname">normalize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">form</em>, <em class="sig-param">unistr</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.normalize" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回 Unicode 字符串 <em>unistr</em> 的正常形式 <em>form</em> 。 <em>form</em> 的有效值为 'NFC' 、 'NFKC' 、 'NFD' 和 'NFKD' 。</p>
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<p>Unicode 标准基于规范等价和兼容性等效的定义定义了 Unicode 字符串的各种规范化形式。在 Unicode 中，可以以各种方式表示多个字符。 例如，字符 U+00C7 （带有 CEDILLA 的 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C ）也可以表示为序列 U+0043（ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C ）U+0327（ COMBINING CEDILLA ）。</p>
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<p>对于每个字符，有两种正规形式：正规形式 C 和正规形式 D 。正规形式D（NFD）也称为规范分解，并将每个字符转换为其分解形式。 正规形式C（NFC）首先应用规范分解，然后再次组合预组合字符。</p>
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<p>除了这两种形式之外，还有两种基于兼容性等效的其他常规形式。 在 Unicode 中，支持某些字符，这些字符通常与其他字符统一。 例如， U+2160（ROMAN NUMERAL ONE）与 U+0049（LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I）完全相同。 但是， Unicode 支持它与现有字符集（例如 gb2312 ）的兼容性。</p>
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<p>正规形式KD（NFKD）将应用兼容性分解，即用其等价项替换所有兼容性字符。 正规形式KC（NFKC）首先应用兼容性分解，然后是规范组合。</p>
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<p>即使两个 unicode 字符串被规范化并且人类读者看起来相同，如果一个具有组合字符而另一个没有，则它们可能无法相等。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="unicodedata.is_normalized">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">unicodedata.</code><code class="sig-name descname">is_normalized</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">form</em>, <em class="sig-param">unistr</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.is_normalized" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>判断 Unicode 字符串 <em>unistr</em> 是否为正规形式 <em>form</em>。 <em>form</em> 的有效值为 'NFC', 'NFKC', 'NFD' 和 'NFKD'。</p>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.8 新版功能.</span></p>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<p>此外，该模块暴露了以下常量：</p>
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<dl class="data">
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<dt id="unicodedata.unidata_version">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">unicodedata.</code><code class="sig-name descname">unidata_version</code><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.unidata_version" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>此模块中使用的 Unicode 数据库的版本。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="data">
|
||
<dt id="unicodedata.ucd_3_2_0">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">unicodedata.</code><code class="sig-name descname">ucd_3_2_0</code><a class="headerlink" href="#unicodedata.ucd_3_2_0" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>这是一个与整个模块具有相同方法的对象，但对于需要此特定版本的 Unicode 数据库（如 IDNA ）的应用程序，则使用 Unicode 数据库版本 3.2 。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>示例：</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">unicodedata</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lookup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'LEFT CURLY BRACKET'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'{'</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'/'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'SOLIDUS'</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'9'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">9</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gt">Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
|
||
File <span class="nb">"<stdin>"</span>, line <span class="m">1</span>, in <span class="n"><module></span>
|
||
<span class="gr">ValueError</span>: <span class="n">not a decimal</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">category</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'A'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 'L'etter, 'u'ppercase</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'Lu'</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">unicodedata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bidirectional</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\u0660</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 'A'rabic, 'N'umber</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'AN'</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="rubric">备注</p>
|
||
<dl class="footnote brackets">
|
||
<dt class="label" id="id3"><span class="brackets"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">1</a></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.unicode.org/Public/12.1.0/ucd/NameAliases.txt">http://www.unicode.org/Public/12.1.0/ucd/NameAliases.txt</a></p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt class="label" id="id4"><span class="brackets"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id2">2</a></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.unicode.org/Public/12.1.0/ucd/NamedSequences.txt">http://www.unicode.org/Public/12.1.0/ucd/NamedSequences.txt</a></p>
|
||
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