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<section id="module-asyncio">
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<span id="asyncio-asynchronous-i-o"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-asyncio" title="asyncio: Asynchronous I/O."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio</span></code></a> --- 异步 I/O<a class="headerlink" href="#module-asyncio" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p class="sidebar-title">Hello World!</p>
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">asyncio</span>
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<span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">():</span>
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<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Hello ...'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">asyncio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'... World!'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="c1"># Python 3.7+</span>
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<span class="n">asyncio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">main</span><span class="p">())</span>
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</pre></div>
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<p>asyncio 是用来编写 <strong>并发</strong> 代码的库，使用 <strong>async/await</strong> 语法。</p>
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<p>asyncio 被用作多个提供高性能 Python 异步框架的基础，包括网络和网站服务，数据库连接库，分布式任务队列等等。</p>
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<p>asyncio 往往是构建 IO 密集型和高层级 <strong>结构化</strong> 网络代码的最佳选择。</p>
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<p>asyncio 提供一组 <strong>高层级</strong> API 用于:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p>并发地 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span class="std std-ref">运行 Python 协程</span></a> 并对其执行过程实现完全控制;</p></li>
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<li><p>执行 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio-streams"><span class="std std-ref">网络 IO 和 IPC</span></a>;</p></li>
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<li><p>控制 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#asyncio-subprocess"><span class="std std-ref">子进程</span></a>;</p></li>
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<li><p>通过 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html#asyncio-queues"><span class="std std-ref">队列</span></a> 实现分布式任务;</p></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#asyncio-sync"><span class="std std-ref">同步</span></a> 并发代码;</p></li>
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</ul>
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<p>此外，还有一些 <strong>低层级</strong> API 以支持 <em>库和框架的开发者</em> 实现:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p>创建和管理 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio-event-loop"><span class="std std-ref">事件循环</span></a>，以提供异步 API 用于 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.create_server" title="asyncio.loop.create_server"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">网络化</span></code></a>, 运行 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.subprocess_exec" title="asyncio.loop.subprocess_exec"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">子进程</span></code></a>，处理 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.add_signal_handler" title="asyncio.loop.add_signal_handler"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OS</span> <span class="pre">信号</span></code></a> 等等;</p></li>
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<li><p>使用 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio-transports-protocols"><span class="std std-ref">transports</span></a> 实现高效率协议;</p></li>
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<li><p>通过 async/await 语法 <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-future.html#asyncio-futures"><span class="std std-ref">桥接</span></a> 基于回调的库和代码。</p></li>
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<p class="rubric" id="asyncio-cli">asyncio REPL</p>
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<p>你可以在 REPL 中尝试使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio</span></code> 并发上下文:</p>
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<div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">$ python -m asyncio</span>
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<span class="go">asyncio REPL ...</span>
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<span class="go">Use "await" directly instead of "asyncio.run()".</span>
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<span class="go">Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.</span>
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">asyncio</span>
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">asyncio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="go">'hello'</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p class="audit-hook" id="audit_event_cpython_run_stdin_0">引发一个不带参数的 <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#auditing"><span class="std std-ref">审计事件</span></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cpython.run_stdin</span></code>。</p>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.8.20 版更改: </span>Emits audit events.</p>
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</div>
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<p class="rubric">参考</p>
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<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
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<p><span class="caption-text">高层级 API</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html">子进程集</a></li>
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<p><span class="caption-text">低层级 API</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html">传输和协议</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-policy.html">策略</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-platforms.html">平台支持</a></li>
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<p><span class="caption-text">指南与教程</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-api-index.html">高级API索引</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-llapi-index.html">底层API目录</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-dev.html">用 asyncio 开发</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
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<p>asyncio 的源代码可以在 <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.8/Lib/asyncio/">Lib/asyncio/</a> 中找到。</p>
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最后更新于 12月 09, 2024.
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<a href="https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
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Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 2.4.4.
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