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<section id="module-symtable">
<span id="symtable-access-to-the-compiler-s-symbol-tables"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-symtable" title="symtable: Interface to the compiler's internal symbol tables."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">symtable</span></code></a> ——访问编译器的符号表<a class="headerlink" href="#module-symtable" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h1>
<p><strong>Source code：</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.8/Lib/symtable.py">Lib/symtable.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>符号表由编译器在生成字节码之前根据 AST 生成。符号表负责计算代码中每个标识符的作用域。 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-symtable" title="symtable: Interface to the compiler's internal symbol tables."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">symtable</span></code></a> 提供了一个查看这些表的接口。</p>
<section id="generating-symbol-tables">
<h2>符号表的生成<a class="headerlink" href="#generating-symbol-tables" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h2>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="symtable.symtable">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">symtable.</code><code class="sig-name descname">symtable</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">code</em>, <em class="sig-param">filename</em>, <em class="sig-param">compile_type</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.symtable" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回 Python 源 <em>代码</em> 顶层的 <a class="reference internal" href="#symtable.SymbolTable" title="symtable.SymbolTable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SymbolTable</span></code></a>。<em>filename</em> 是代码文件名。 <em>compile_type</em> 的含义类似 <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a> 的 <em>mode</em> 参数。</p>
</dd></dl>
</section>
<section id="examining-symbol-tables">
<h2>符号表的查看<a class="headerlink" href="#examining-symbol-tables" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="symtable.SymbolTable">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">symtable.</code><code class="sig-name descname">SymbolTable</code><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.SymbolTable" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>某个代码块的命名空间表。构造函数不公开。</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.SymbolTable.get_type">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_type</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.SymbolTable.get_type" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回符号表的类型。可能是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'class'</span></code> 、<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'module'</span></code> 或 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'function'</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.SymbolTable.get_id">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_id</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.SymbolTable.get_id" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回符号表的标识符</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.SymbolTable.get_name">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_name</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.SymbolTable.get_name" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回符号表的名称。 若为类的符号表则返回类名；若为函数的符号表则为函数名；若是全局符号表则为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'top'</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="#symtable.SymbolTable.get_type" title="symtable.SymbolTable.get_type"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_type()</span></code></a> 返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'module'</span></code>)。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.SymbolTable.get_lineno">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_lineno</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.SymbolTable.get_lineno" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回符号表所代表的代码块中第一行的编号。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.SymbolTable.is_optimized">
<code class="sig-name descname">is_optimized</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.SymbolTable.is_optimized" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果符号表中的局部变量可能被优化过，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.SymbolTable.is_nested">
<code class="sig-name descname">is_nested</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.SymbolTable.is_nested" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果代码块是嵌套类或函数，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.SymbolTable.has_children">
<code class="sig-name descname">has_children</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.SymbolTable.has_children" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果代码块中有嵌套的命名空间，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。可通过 <a class="reference internal" href="#symtable.SymbolTable.get_children" title="symtable.SymbolTable.get_children"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_children()</span></code></a> 读取。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.SymbolTable.has_exec">
<code class="sig-name descname">has_exec</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.SymbolTable.has_exec" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the block uses <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exec</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.SymbolTable.get_identifiers">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_identifiers</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.SymbolTable.get_identifiers" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回符号表中的符号名列表。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.SymbolTable.lookup">
<code class="sig-name descname">lookup</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.SymbolTable.lookup" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>在符号表中查找 <em>name</em> 并返回一个 <a class="reference internal" href="#symtable.Symbol" title="symtable.Symbol"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Symbol</span></code></a> 实例。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.SymbolTable.get_symbols">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_symbols</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.SymbolTable.get_symbols" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回符号表中所有符号的 <a class="reference internal" href="#symtable.Symbol" title="symtable.Symbol"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Symbol</span></code></a> 实例的列表。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.SymbolTable.get_children">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_children</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.SymbolTable.get_children" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回嵌套符号表的列表。</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="symtable.Function">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">symtable.</code><code class="sig-name descname">Function</code><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Function" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>函数或方法的命名空间。该类继承自 <a class="reference internal" href="#symtable.SymbolTable" title="symtable.SymbolTable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SymbolTable</span></code></a>。</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Function.get_parameters">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_parameters</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Function.get_parameters" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回由函数的参数名组成的元组。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Function.get_locals">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_locals</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Function.get_locals" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回函数中局部变量名组成的元组。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Function.get_globals">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_globals</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Function.get_globals" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回函数中全局变量名组成的元组。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Function.get_nonlocals">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_nonlocals</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Function.get_nonlocals" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回函数中非局部变量名组成的元组。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Function.get_frees">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_frees</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Function.get_frees" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回函数中自由变量名组成的元组。</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="symtable.Class">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">symtable.</code><code class="sig-name descname">Class</code><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Class" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>类的命名空间。继承自 <a class="reference internal" href="#symtable.SymbolTable" title="symtable.SymbolTable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SymbolTable</span></code></a>。</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Class.get_methods">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_methods</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Class.get_methods" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回类中声明的方法名组成的元组。</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="symtable.Symbol">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">symtable.</code><code class="sig-name descname">Symbol</code><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Symbol" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="#symtable.SymbolTable" title="symtable.SymbolTable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SymbolTable</span></code></a> 中的数据项，对应于源码中的某个标识符。构造函数不公开。</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Symbol.get_name">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_name</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Symbol.get_name" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回符号名</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Symbol.is_referenced">
<code class="sig-name descname">is_referenced</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Symbol.is_referenced" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果符号在代码块中被引用了，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Symbol.is_imported">
<code class="sig-name descname">is_imported</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Symbol.is_imported" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果符号是由导入语句创建的，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Symbol.is_parameter">
<code class="sig-name descname">is_parameter</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Symbol.is_parameter" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果符号是参数，返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Symbol.is_global">
<code class="sig-name descname">is_global</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Symbol.is_global" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果符号是全局变量，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Symbol.is_nonlocal">
<code class="sig-name descname">is_nonlocal</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Symbol.is_nonlocal" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果符号为非局部变量，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Symbol.is_declared_global">
<code class="sig-name descname">is_declared_global</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Symbol.is_declared_global" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果符号用 global 声明为全局变量，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Symbol.is_local">
<code class="sig-name descname">is_local</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Symbol.is_local" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果符号在代码块内是局部变量，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Symbol.is_annotated">
<code class="sig-name descname">is_annotated</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Symbol.is_annotated" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果符号带有注解，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.6 新版功能.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Symbol.is_free">
<code class="sig-name descname">is_free</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Symbol.is_free" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果符号在代码块中被引用，但未赋值，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Symbol.is_assigned">
<code class="sig-name descname">is_assigned</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Symbol.is_assigned" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果符号在代码块中赋值，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Symbol.is_namespace">
<code class="sig-name descname">is_namespace</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Symbol.is_namespace" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>如果符号名绑定引入了新的命名空间，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
<p>如果符号名用于 function 或 class 语句，则为 True。</p>
<p>例如</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">table</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">symtable</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">symtable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;def some_func(): pass&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;exec&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lookup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;some_func&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_namespace</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go">True</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>注意，一个符号名可以与多个对象绑定。如果结果为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>，则该符号名还可以绑定到其他对象上，比如 int 或 list ，且不会引入新的命名空间。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Symbol.get_namespaces">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_namespaces</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Symbol.get_namespaces" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回与符号名绑定的命名空间的列表。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="symtable.Symbol.get_namespace">
<code class="sig-name descname">get_namespace</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symtable.Symbol.get_namespace" title="永久链接至目标"></a></dt>
<dd><p>返回与符号名绑定的命名空间。如果绑定的命名空间超过一个，则会触发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>。</p>
</dd></dl>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#generating-symbol-tables">符号表的生成</a></li>
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