486 lines
24 KiB
HTML
486 lines
24 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>std::ios_base</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_io_ios_base skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>ios_base</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-io.html">io</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<tbody>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-ios.html"><ios></a></code></div>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl">
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">class</span> ios_base<span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<p>类 <code>ios_base</code> 是作为所有 I/O 流类的基类工作的多用途类。它维护数种数据：</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 状态信息：流状态标志；</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 控制信息：控制输入和输出序列格式化和感染的本地环境的标志；</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> 私有存储：允许 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span></span></span> 和 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> 成员的有下标可扩展数据结构，它可以实现为二个任意长度的数组，或二元素结构体的单个数组，或另一容器；</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4)</span> 回调：从 imbue() 、 copyfmt() 和 ~ios_base() 调用的任意数量用户定义函数。</div>
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<p>典型实现保有对应下列 fmtflags 、 iostate 、 openmode 及 seekdir 所有值的成员常量，维护当前精度、宽度、格式化标志、异常掩码、缓冲区错误状态、保有回调的可调大小容器、当前感染的 locale 、私有存储的成员变量及 xalloc() 所用的静态整数变量。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">成员函数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-ios_base.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(构造函数)</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>构造对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(受保护成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-~ios_base.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(析构函数)</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[虚]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>析构对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(虚公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.A0.BC.E5.BC.8F.E5.8C.96">格式化</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-flags.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>flags</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>管理格式标志<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-setf.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>setf</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>设置特定格式标志<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-unsetf.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>unsetf</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>清除特定格式的标志<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-precision.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>precision</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>管理浮点操作的精度<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-width.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>width</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>管理域的宽度<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.9C.AC.E5.9C.B0.E7.8E.AF.E5.A2.83">本地环境</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-imbue.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>imbue</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>设置本地环境<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-getloc.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>getloc</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回当前本地环境<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.86.85.E9.83.A8.E5.8F.AF.E6.89.A9.E5.B1.95.E6.95.B0.E7.BB.84">内部可扩展数组</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-xalloc.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>xalloc</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[静态]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回能安全用作 pword() 和 iword() 下标的程序范围内独有的整数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开静态成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-iword.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>iword</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>如果有必要的话，调整私有存储的大小，并且访问位于提供的下标的<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span></span></span>元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-pword.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>pword</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>若需要则重置私有存储的大小，并访问位于指定下标的 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> 元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.9D.82.E9.A1.B9">杂项</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-register_callback.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>register_callback</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>注册事件回调函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-sync_with_stdio.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>sync_with_stdio</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[静态]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>设置C++和C的IO库是否可以互操作<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开静态成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E7.B1.BB">成员类</span></h3>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-failure.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>failure</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>流异常<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-Init.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>Init</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>初始化标准流对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B.E4.B8.8E.E5.B8.B8.E9.87.8F">成员类型与常量</span></h3>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
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<td>类型</td>
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<td>解释</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-openmode.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>openmode</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>流打开模式类型
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<p>亦定义下列常量：</p>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
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<td>常量</td>
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<td>解释</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-openmode.html"><tt>app</tt></a></td>
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<td>每次写入前寻位到流结尾</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-openmode.html"><tt>binary</tt></a></td>
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<td>以<a href="cpp-io-c-FILE.html#.E4.BA.8C.E8.BF.9B.E5.88.B6.E4.B8.8E.E6.96.87.E6.9C.AC.E6.A8.A1.E5.BC.8F">二进制模式</a>打开</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-openmode.html"><tt>in</tt></a></td>
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<td>为读打开</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-openmode.html"><tt>out</tt></a></td>
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<td>为写打开</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-openmode.html"><tt>trunc</tt></a></td>
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<td>在打开时舍弃流的内容</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-openmode.html"><tt>ate</tt></a></td>
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<td>打开后立即寻位到流结尾</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>fmtflags</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>格式化标志类型
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<p>亦定义下列常量：</p>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
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<td>常量</td>
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<td>解释</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>dec</tt></a></td>
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<td>为整数 I/O 使用十进制底：见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-hex.html">std::dec</a></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>oct</tt></a></td>
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<td>为整数 I/O 使用八进制底：见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-hex.html">std::oct</a></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>hex</tt></a></td>
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<td>为整数 I/O 使用十六进制底：见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-hex.html">std::hex</a></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>basefield</tt></a></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">dec<span class="sy3">|</span>oct<span class="sy3">|</span>hex</span></span> 。适用于掩码运算</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>left</tt></a></td>
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<td>左校正（添加填充字符到右）：见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-left.html">std::left</a></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>right</tt></a></td>
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<td>右校正（添加填充字符到左）：见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-left.html">std::right</a></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>internal</tt></a></td>
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<td>内部校正（添加填充字符到内部选定点）：见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-left.html">std::internal</a></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>adjustfield</tt></a></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">left<span class="sy3">|</span>right<span class="sy3">|</span>internal</span></span> 。适用于掩码运算</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>scientific</tt></a></td>
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<td>用科学记数法生成浮点类型，或若与 fixed 组合则用十六进制记法：见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-fixed.html">std::scientific</a></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>fixed</tt></a></td>
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<td>用定点记法生成浮点类型，或若与 scientific 组合则用十六进制记法：见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-fixed.html">std::fixed</a></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>floatfield</tt></a></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">scientific<span class="sy3">|</span>fixed</span></span> 。适用于掩码运算</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>boolalpha</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td>以字母数字格式插入并释出 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">bool</span></span></span> 类型：见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-boolalpha.html">std::boolalpha</a></span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>showbase</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td>生成为整数输出指示数字基底的前缀，货币 I/O 中要求现金指示器：见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-showbase.html">std::showbase</a></span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>showpoint</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td>无条件为浮点数输出生成小数点字符：见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-showpoint.html">std::showpoint</a></span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>showpos</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td>为非负数值输出生成 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">+</span></span></span> 字符，见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-showpos.html">std::showpos</a></span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>skipws</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td>在具体输入操作前跳过前导空白符：见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-skipws.html">std::skipws</a></span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>unitbuf</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td>在每次输出操作后冲入输出：见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-unitbuf.html">std::unitbuf</a></span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-fmtflags.html"><tt>uppercase</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td>在具体输出的输出操作中以大写等价替换小写字符：见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-uppercase.html">std::uppercase</a></span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-iostate.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>iostate</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>流状态类型
|
|
<p>亦定义下列常量：</p>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
|
|
<td>常量</td>
|
|
<td>解释</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-iostate.html"><tt>goodbit</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td>无错误</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-iostate.html"><tt>badbit</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td>不可恢复的流错误</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-iostate.html"><tt>failbit</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td>输入/输出操作失败（格式化或提取错误）</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-iostate.html"><tt>eofbit</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td>关联的输出序列已抵达文件尾</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-seekdir.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>seekdir</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>寻位方向类型
|
|
<p>亦定义下列常量：</p>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
|
|
<td>常量</td>
|
|
<td>解释</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-seekdir.html"><tt>beg</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td>流的开始</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-seekdir.html"><tt>end</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td>流的结尾</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-seekdir.html"><tt>cur</tt></a></td>
|
|
<td>流位置指示器的当前位置</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-event.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>event</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>指定事件类型<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(枚举)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-event_callback.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>event_callback</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>回调函数类型<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table class="t-rev-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-rev t-until-cxx17">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.83.E7.94.A8.E7.9A.84.E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B">弃用的成员类型</span></h5>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
|
|
<td>类型</td>
|
|
<td>解释</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><code>io_state</code><span class="t-mark">(弃用)</span></td>
|
|
<td>可以像 <code>iostate</code> 一样使用的整数类型</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><code>open_mode</code><span class="t-mark">(弃用)</span></td>
|
|
<td>可以像 <code>openmode</code> 一样使用的整数类型</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><code>seek_dir</code><span class="t-mark">(弃用)</span></td>
|
|
<td>可以像 <code>seekdir</code> 一样使用的整数类型</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><code>streamoff</code><span class="t-mark">(弃用)</span></td>
|
|
<td>可以像 <code>off_type</code> 一样使用的未指定类型，不必是 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-streamoff.html">std::streamoff</a></span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><code>streampos</code><span class="t-mark">(弃用)</span></td>
|
|
<td>可以像 <code>pos_type</code> 一样使用的未指定类型，不必是 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-fpos.html">std::streampos</a></span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(C++17 前)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="visualClear"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
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</body>
|
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</html>
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